资源简介

宾语从句
定义：在复合句中，起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。
We all know（that）the sun rises in the east.
I don’t know if / whether my father will come back tomorrow.
Tom can’t decide which car he should buy.
宾语从句三要素
一、连接词
1. 由陈述句转换而来，用__________连接，只起连接作用，其本身没有意义，在
口语中常可省略：
I’m afraid（that）he won’t come on time.
2. 由一般疑问句转换而来，用_________/________连接，意为“__________”：
I wonder if/whether he will come.
只用 whether 不用 if 的情况：
①引导__________后的宾语从句时
I’m interested in whether he joins the army.
②与__________连用时
I don’t know whether he will come or not.
③与__________连用时
I really don't know whether to accept or refuse.
④在动词__________后面的宾语从句中
Let’s discuss whether we shall go by air.
⑤宾语从句__________时，只能用 whether
Whether this is true or not,I can’t say.
⑥引导位于句首的__________或__________用 whether
Whether I believe you or not is irrelevant now.
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3.由特殊疑问句转换而来，用____________/____________连接：
疑问代词 who/whom，which，what，whose；
疑问副词 when，where，why，how。
(1) I know___________is crying over there．
(2) Do you know __________ they are
Can you tell me__________he is talking with
(3) Please tell me _________bus I should take．
(4)I don’t know _________ I should do.
(5)Do you know __________he will go
(6) Can you tell me __________he will go
(7) I don’t know ___________I should deal with it.
二、语序
宾语从句必须用______________语序；即___________+____________的语序
三、时态
1. 当主句的谓语动词时是过去的时态，其宾语从句的时态也要用相应的过去时态。
The policewoman asked the little boy where he_________.(live)
He said (that)he __________(take) care of the baby.
2. 当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或祈使句时，其宾语从句的时态可以是任何适
当的时态。
Please tell me whom you_________(go) to the garden with this morning.
3. 当宾语从句表达客观事实或规律时，其时态应用一般现在时。
The teacher said that the earth_______(go) round the sun.
Everyone knew that there _______(be) sixty minutes in an hour.
it 作形式宾语【难点】
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动词 find, consider, regard, feel, make 后通常+it+形容词/名词+to do/that 从句
其中，it 作形式宾语，真正的宾语是 to do/that 从句
I consider it important to always be kind and respectful to others.
We regard it significant to give back to our community.
She has made it clear that she won’t change her mind.
直接引语和间接引语
1. 直接引语的定义:
直接引用别人的原话，被引用的部分叫直接引语。被引用的原话要放在引号
内，不做任何改动。
“I’m so tired,” she said.
2. 间接引语的定义:
转述别人的话，也就是我们所说的宾语从句。间接引语不能用引号。
The turtle says that he is faster than the rabbit.
3. 直接引语转间接引语★
a. 人称变化：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新
①“一随主”：直接引语中有第一人称或被第一人称修饰，变成间接引语时，
要与主句中主语的人称保持一致。
Mr. Smith said, “ I’m from England.”
→Mr. Smith said he was from England.
②“二随宾”：直接引语中有第二人称或被第二人称修饰，变成间接引语时，
要与主句中宾语的人称保持一致。
Mum said to me, “You can do it yourself.”
→Mum told me that I could do it myself.
③“第三人称不更新”：如果直接引语中有第三人称，变成间接引语时，人称不变。
Tom asked Mike，“Does she often come to school late？”
→ Tom asked Mike if/whether she often went to school late.
b. 时态变化
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①当主句为现在时/将来时，间接引语时态不变：
My mother says，“I will come back after work.”
→My mother says that she will go back after work.
Her teacher has asked Kate，“Do you want to go to Beijing University ”
→Her teacher has asked Kate if/whether she wants to go to Beijing University.
②当主句为过去时，从句要跟着相应的变化：
直接引语从句时态 改为间接引语从句时态
一般现在时 一般过去时
一般将来时 过去将来时
现在进行时 过去进行时
现在完成时 过去完成时
一般过去时 一般过去时、过去完成时
过去完成时 过去完成时
1.“It is really cold,” she said to me.
→She told me that it _______ really cold.
2.The boy said, “ I will be a pilot.”
→The boy said that he ________ a pilot.
3.Tom said, “We are listening to music.”
→Tom said that they ___________music.
4.Mike said,“I have finished my homework.”
→Mike said ________his homework.
③时态不变的特殊情况
1. 客观真理；
The teacher said,“Light travels faster than sound.”
→The teacher said that light travels faster than sound.
2. 经常的习惯；
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He said to the doctor,“I smoke two packs every day.”
→He told the doctor that he smokes two packs every day.
3. 直接引语为一般过去时，且与具体的时间状语连用；
The teacher said, “The baby was born in 2010.”
→The teacher said the baby was born in 2010.
4. 部分情态动词，如 must，ought to, used to, had better 等；
She said to me, “You must hurry up.”
→She said that I must hurry up.
c. 语序变化
1. 陈述句：加连接词 that，that 可省略，用陈述句语序。
The teacher said,“Light travels faster than sound.”
→The teacher said (that) light travels faster than sound.
2. 一般疑问句：加连接词 if 或 whether，用陈述句语序。
They asked, “ Is it easy to solve the problem ”
→They asked if it was easy to solve the problem.
3. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词引导，用陈述句语序。
He asked, “ When do you harvest the wheat ”
→He asked when we harvested the wheat.
d. 时间变化-【难点】
直接引语 间接引语
now then
today that day
this week that week
yesterday the day before
the day before yesterday two days before
last week the week before
four days ago four days before
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tomorrow the next day
the day after tomorrow in two days
next month the next month
e. 其他变化【难点】
直接引语 间接引语
this that
指示代词 these those
地点状语 here there
come go
方向性动词 bring take
Miss Li asked,“When will these students come back ”
→Miss Li asked (me) when _________students would come back.
She said，“My mother took me to an exhibition yesterday.”
→She said that her mother took her to an exhibition __________.
宾语从句的注意事项
1.宾语从句的否定转移
主句的主语是第一人称，且主句的谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose,
consider等时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来。其反义疑问句一般与宾语从
句一致。
I think he won’t come to my party. ( )
I don’t think he will come to my party. ( )
我认为他不会来我的舞会.
I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim, is he
我认为那个人不是 Jim 所杀的,是不是
2.宾语从句的简化
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①当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句谓语动词是 hope, wish, decide,
agree, choose 等词时，从句可简化为不定式结构。
My friend hopes that he can receive a birthday present.
=My friend hopes to receive a birthday present.
②当宾语从句主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是 know, remember,
forget, learn 等，从句有疑问词引导时，从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。
She doesn’t know what she should say next.
=She doesn’t know what to say next.
③引语是祈使句: 主语+ask/tell/ order sb. (not) to do sth.
He said, “Open the door, John!”
＝He asked John to open the door.
He said, “Don't talk in class!”
＝ He ordered us not to talk in class.
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