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介词(preposition-prep.)
1. 定义：介词是一种虚词，英语是 preposition，一般放在名词、代词（宾格）
或动词（动词 ing 形式）的前面。
2. 介词的分类
时间介词 in,on,at；since,by,from；for,during,though
地点/方位介词 in,on,to,at,over,under,behind,next to,beside,between,among,in(the)front of
方式介词 by,in,with,through
原因介词 for,from,with
其他常用介词 表示除了：except,besides,but,except for,
一、时间介词
1.
①+＞1 天，如周月季年 世纪/年代/年龄段； in the 21st century ; in the 1980s;
in ②泛指在上午/下午/晚上； in one’s fifties; in June 2025;
③in+段时间，表示“多久以后” in the morning; in an hour
on ①+=1 天，如 Monday,Sept.22nd； ②+具体某一天/特定的上午/下午/晚上； on January 1st, 2024; on Children’s Day; on Friday evening; on a sunny morning
at ①+＜1 天，如几点钟； ②搭配 at noon/night/sunrise/sunset/weekends at a quarter to one ;at the age of five; at eight months old ;at breakfast
【常见节日前的介词】
一般在带有 festival 的节日前用 at：如 at the Spring Festival
持续一段时间的节日前用 at：如 at Christmas
一般在带有 day 的节日前用 on：如 on New Year’s Day
2.+点时间
since 表示“自从...”,与现在完成时连用 She hasn’t met her mother since 2008.
by 表示“不迟于；截止...之前” I will be home by 6:30.
from 表示“从...” We have to go to school from Monday to Friday.
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3. +段时间
for 表示“持续...(多久)” I have lived in Suzhou for two years.
during 表示“在...期间” They earned a lot of money during that period.
through 表示“自始至终，从头到尾” She read a novel through the night.
4.
用在肯定句中，“直到...为止”， I waited for my mother until 10
until 其前的谓语动词用延续性动 o'clock.
词；
用于否定句中， “直到…才”， I didn't go to bed until 10 o'clock.
其前的谓语动词多用非延续性
动词
二、地点、方位介词
1.
in 表示较大的地方 in China,in the world
at 表示较小的地点 at the bus stop,at home
on 表示在一个平面上 on the farm,on the playground
2.
in 表示在......之范围之内 Shenyang is in the northeast of China.
on 表示在......边上,两地接壤 North Korea is on the east of China.
to 表示在......方向，两地不接壤 Japan lies to the east of China.
【知识拓展】
（1）in 的其他用法
①表示某物或某人在房间等较大的空间里。in the kitchen
②与广场名等连用。in Times Square
③表示“穿着；戴着”。a lady in black
（2）at 的其他用法
①与特定位置或地点连用。 at the back of the room
②表示“紧挨着；在...旁边”。He stopped me at the door. / stand at the window
2
③与城市名或地名连用，表示旅途中停留的地方。Does this train stop at Watford
3.
on 表示两者接触； 或构成物体表面的一部分 There’s a pencil on the table. There’s a mark on your skirt.
表示两者不接触 The lamp is over the table.
over “在某物的正上方”； 或盖在...上;
She wore a large jacket over her sweater.
或越过 The plane flew over the river.
under 表示两者不接触 “在某物的正下方” The pair of shoes are under my bed.
above 指位置高于... Hold your arms above your head please.
below 在下方或位置低于...,但 不一定在其正下方 Please answer the below questions. It's 15 degrees below freezing.
4.
along 表示“沿着” I like walking along the bank of the river.
across 表 示 从 事 物 表 面 穿 过 (街 道，田野，河湖） We ran across the street.
through 表示从事物内部穿过 I can’t go through this door.
past 表示路过 Mike walked past the bookstore just now.
从...落下；离开；从...去掉 I fell off the ladder.
off I must be off now.
Someone had taken the mirror off the wall.
from 来自；出自 （表示两地的距离）离 I’m from Italy. The room is ten feet from the gate.
5.
in front of 在......的前方（外部） There is a post office in front of my school.
in the front of 在......的前部（内部） There is a desk in the front of my classroom.
behind 表示在......后方 There is a big dog behind me.
in/at the back of 表示在......的后部 There is a big garden in/at the back of my school.
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6.
between 表示在两者之间 (常跟 and) There is a big generation gap between you and me.
among 表示在三者或三者以上之间 Peter is sitting among the students.
7.
beside 这几个介词意义区别不大， 都有 next to “在…旁边；靠近；在…附近，紧 close to 挨着”等意思； The boy standing beside me is my younger brother.
by by 还可以表示经由，路过 Don't stand by the window.
near 表示“在…附近”,并不是紧挨着的 You can find the bookstore near the school.
opposite 在...对面 = across(from) She sat across(from) / opposite me at the table.
around 环绕；遍及 They stood around the fire, singing and dancing.
/about He looked about the room.
三、方式介词
by 表示用…手段/方式 The girl made money by selling flowers.
in 表示使用的语言/材料等 in English;in a loud voice;Please write it in ink.(特殊)
with 表示用具体有形的东西 with a knife;with my own eyes
achieve success through hard work;learn through experience; 表示通过某种媒介
through
tell stories through the body （系统、机构、经验或人）
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by,in 和 on 表示旅行方式时的区别
用于不涉及交通工具的名词前 by sea；by air；by water;by land
； by
用于涉及交通工具的名词前，名词 by ship;by plane
前面不加冠词或任何修饰语
in 当旅行方式涉及确 在封闭型交通 in a car
定特指的交通 工具 工具前用 in
时，用 on 或 in,名词 on 在开放或半开 on my bike;
前应有冠词、物主代
放型交通工具
on the horse's back；on a horse
词等修饰语
前用 on
with 与 without 的区别
with 和，同； with the help of；play with；
具有，带有； He looked at her with a hurt expression.
随着 With the temperature dropping so quickly,....
without 没，没有；缺乏 without help；without breakfast
四、其他常用介词
1.
except “除...之外（不包含）” All the students took part in the sports meeting except Tom.
besides “除……之外（包含）” We need three more boys besides Tom.
including 包括，包含 The price is 25.5yuan,including postage and packing.
2.
as 正如；像 When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
作为；以...身份 Hu Ge is known as a great actor.
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like 像...一样；例如 Let me speak to you like a father.
3.
for 给，供（表对象，用途） There is a letter for you.
由于，因为 The town is famous for this cathedral.
n.大教堂
为了（表目的） Are you learning English for pleasure or for your work
向，往（表方向） Is this the bus for the train station
支持 Are you for or against this plan
against 碰撞 The ship crashed against the rocks and turned over.
倚靠；紧靠 Put the bike against the wall.
反对；违反 Mr.Smith is strongly against keeping animals in the zoo.
逆（风） The kite is flying against the wind.
以...为竞争对手 Our class are much sure to win the basketball game against
Class Three.
4.
beyond 表位置，意为“在...那一边； There is a village beyond the river.
更远处”
表时间，意为“超过；迟于” If it is beyond the midnight, I will not wait for you.
表范围、水平、能力、限度 It's far beyond his understanding.
等，意为“多于；超出” beyond one’s ability;beyond one’s reach
不可能 beyond repair
五、常见介词短语-【背诵】
in bed 卧病在床/躺床上休息 in the tree 外来物在树上
in public 当众，公开地 on sale 低价出售
to my surprise 令我惊讶的是 on purpose 故意地
on earth 到底，究竟 on the air 在广播
under repair 在修理中 under discussion 在讨论中
with the help of... 在...的帮助下 by accident 偶然地
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in a hurry 匆忙 once in a while 偶尔
make a living by... 靠...谋生 in all directions 四处
by means of... 用......的方法 on behalf of... 代表...
on one’s way home 在某人回家的路上 in the way 挡路
be/get used to... 习惯于... make a contribution to... 为...做贡献
pay attention to... 注意... look forward to... 盼望/期待...
devote...to... 把...贡献于... in detail 详细地
*介词相关注意事项：
1. 地点副词前不用介词，如：here,there,home,abroad,upstairs,downstairs
2. 时间状语被 last,this,next every,one 修饰时，前面不用介词
3. 介词后人称用宾格
4. 介词后动词用 ing 形式
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【Essential exercises】
1. Mrs Brown came to China ______ 1996.
A. on B. of C. to D. in
2.______ a cold winter morning, I met her in the street.
A. In B. On C. At D. For
3.Children get gifts ______ Christmas and ______ their birthdays.
A. on; on B. at; on C. in; in D. in; on
4. She lived in the mountain village______ the years 1940-1950.
A. between B. during C. in D. since
5. He often goes ______ school ______ six thirty ______ the morning.
A. for; to; in B. to; at; in C. to; for; at D. for; at; to
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6. My cousin was born in Shenzhen，a city ______ the south of China.
A．in B．on C．at D．to
7. -Do you have any good ideas about keeping fit
-You can run ______ the river every morning.
A. along B. past C. over D. across
8.-Jack，can you swim ______ the river
-I don't think I can. It's too wide for me.
A．over B．across C．through D．without
9. The train is leaving ______ five minutes.
A. in B. at C. for D. still
10. He arrived ______ Shanghai ______ 9: 30 ______ March 5.
A. at; in; at B. to; on; at C. in; on; at D. in; at; on
11. The bank is ______ the left of the supermarket. It's not far.
A. in B. for C. on D. at
12. —Excuse me, is there a computer room in your school
—Yes. It's ______ the fifth floor.
A. on B.in C.at D.to
13. Guide dogs can help the blind go ______ the street safely.
A．about B．across C．above D．between
14. —I am going to the supermarket. Can I get you anything
—Well, I need a knife ______ cutting bread.
A. in B. after C. for D. without
15. ______ all the money he saved, Johnson bought his younger sister a dress as a
birthday gift.
A. With B. From C. Through D. In
16. The children here improve their English ______ listening and speaking every day.
A．on B．through C．with D．by
17. —Is Mr.Green at school
—Sorry，I don't know. But you can call him______ 340-5261.
A．in B．with C．by D．at
18. Han clothing is becoming more popular ______young people.
A. over B．among C．between D．about
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19. Ice is not often seen in the southern cities in China because the temperature
normally stays ______ zero.
A. over B. above C. on D. through
20.We planted some flowers ______ the garden yesterday.
A. on B. to C. in D. of
21.-We are sure to win. They're already three points ______ us.
-You can't take it lightly.
A. against B. behind C. with D. for
22.The American Civil War lasted four years before the North won ______ the end.
A. by B. at C. in D. on
23.-I am hungry now. I came to school ______ breakfast this morning.
-You should get up early.
A. of B. to C. at D. without
24.-Cars are not allowed to go ______ the city center today. What should we do
-Don't worry. We can ride a bike there.
A. at B. through C. above D. with
25.He wrote his phone number ______ a piece of paper.
A. on B. for C. in D. from
26.When the storm comes, it's really hard for people to walk ______ the wind.
A. against B. by C. without D. below
27.All of us helped to clean up the old people's home ______ Eric. He had a bad cold.
A．besides B．against C．except D．with
28.In China, people regard drinking tea ______ a culture more than a habit.
A．by B．as C．of D．with
munication is a bridge ______ the young and the old.
A．across B．through C．between D．among
30.Look！The girl ______ red is helping an old man cross the road.
A．of B．on C．in D．by
31.Let's put the piano over there，______ the wall.
A．above B．against C．across D．around
32.-This problem is ______ me. I'm afraid I can't work it out.
-Don't worry. We will help you if you need.
A. beyond B. beside C. behind D. between
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33.-I'm thirsty. I'd like a glass of orange juice. What about you,Andy
-I prefer a cup of tea ______ nothing in it.
A.with B. for C. to D. without
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