资源简介

(共32张PPT)
Unit 7 The secret of memory
主题范畴：人与自我；人与自然
主题群：生活与学习
子主题：自我认识，自我管理，自我提升；积极的学习体验，恰当的学习方法与策略，勤学善思；地球与宇宙探秘
Key question
What does it take to remember something
了解艾宾豪斯及其遗忘曲线规律。
在理解人的记忆规律和遗忘时间规律的基础上，改善学习习惯，有效提高记忆英语词文的效率。
注重身心健康管理，有情绪问题大胆走进学校心理咨询室进行求助。
Learning objectives 学习目标
After learning, I will be able to:
How good is your memory Look at these numbers for 30 seconds. Then cover them. How many did you remember correctly How did you remember them
5 6 1 9 3 7 4 4 8 2 6 5 1 3 2
Let’s play a game!
单击此处计时
30s
Lead-in
艾宾豪斯遗忘曲线
德国心理学家艾宾豪斯在1885年提出了关于遗忘规律的艾宾豪斯遗忘曲线：
·曲线规律：遗忘在学习之后立即开始，且进程不均匀，呈现先快后慢的特点。在记忆最初阶段遗忘速度最快，随后逐渐减慢，长时间后几乎不再遗忘。比如刚记完时记忆保留量为100%，20分钟后约剩58%，1小时后约剩44%，1天后约剩33%，之后记忆保留量越来越少。
背景链接
·相关结论：理解了的知识记得迅速、全面且牢固，而无意义材料比有意义材料更难记忆和回忆。
·应用启示：对抗遗忘，学习后需立即复习，后续复习时间间隔可逐渐增加，比如学习第一天后复习，三天后再复习，接着一周后复习等，要在发生遗忘前及时复习，把短时记忆转换为长期记忆。
背景链接
|Psychology*
Scientists have done experiments to discover how memory works and why it fails. Let’s explore how we can remember better.
P112
科学家们通过实验发现了记忆是如何工作的，以及记忆失败的原因。让我们来探索一下如何才能更好地记忆。
While-reading
Hermann Ebbinghaus was the first person to study learning and memory by carrying out an experiment on himself. Below are his findings:
Read the article from a science magazine about some findings on memory.
How much can you remember after 24 hours
Ebbinghaus’s work showed that:
... forgetting happens quickest in the first nine hours.
... it is easier to relearn things forgotten, than new things.
Ebbinghaus’s work showed that:
... the things we study longer and more carefully will remain in our memory longer.
... learning meaningless things is difficult. Things that make sense and have meaning are remembered about ten times longer than things that don’t.
... things close to the beginning and end of a list or series are remembered most easily.
Ebbinghaus’s work showed that:
... it is easier to remember things if we study them in many learning sessions over longer periods of time.
Ebbinghaus discovered a pattern in remembering. He found that in the first hour he forgot things very quickly. Although this slowed down, after about nine hours, people forgot about 60 per cent of what they tried to learn. Finally, he found that 24 hours after studying, people had forgotten around two- thirds of anything they tried to learn and remember. This is the well-known “forgetting curve”. It starts with a sharp drop, followed by a gentle curve.
Ebbinghaus’s work encouraged scientists to explore memory further and it became a field of study. He also helped create proper methods for experimenting in psychology. These are still used to this day.
curve / k v/ n. 曲线
Read the article and answer the questions below.
1. Who was the first person to study learning and memory
Hermann Ebbinghaus.
2. How did the person get the findings
By carrying out an experiment on himself.
3. When do people forget things quickest according to the
findings
In the first nine hour.
4. Are the methods mentioned in the article for experimenting
in psychology still useful nowadays
Yes. These are still used to this day.
Task 1
Task 2
Decide the sentences below are true (T) or false (F).
1. It’s easier to learn new things than relearn
things forgotten.
( )
F
2. The things we study longer and more carefully will
remain in our memory longer.
( )
T
3. Learning meaningless things is much more easier.
( )
F
4. Things in the middle are more difficult to remember.
( )
T
5. It is easier to remember things if we study them in
many learning sessions over longer periods of time.
( )
T
Task 3
Let’s further study the Ebbinghaus’s “forgetting curve”.
艾宾豪斯遗忘规律表
时间间隔 记忆量
刚刚记忆完毕 100％
20分钟后 58.2％
1个小时后 44.2％
8－9个小时后 35.8％
1天后 33.7％
2天后 27.8％
6天后 25.4％
一个月后 21.1％
从中可以看出我们如潮水般汹涌的遗忘趋势，观察时间间隔20分钟、1小时、8-9小时、一天、两天、31天我们不复习的话，我们的记忆保存量。对此我们可以总结记忆的周期性，并借此得到一些高效复习方法：
人的记忆分短期记忆和长期记忆两种
◆ 第一个记忆周期是5分钟
◆ 第二个记忆周期是30分钟
◆ 第三个记忆周期是12小时
这三个记忆周期属于短期记忆的范畴。
下面是几个比较重要的长期记忆周期
◆ 第四个记忆周期是1天
◆ 第五个记忆周期是2天
◆ 第六个记忆周期是4天
◆ 第七个记忆周期是7天
◆ 第八个记忆周期是15天
学习新课：早上背诵新课，30分钟后复习一下，晚 上回去后复习一次。
复习旧课：周期为1，2，4，7，15，31天的周期
学习启发
Task 4
Notes: useful phrases.
carry out 执行；实施
make sense 有意义；讲得通
close to 接近；靠近
period of time 某段时间
slow down 慢下来；减速
a field of 一片……的领域
佳句回顾
① ... the things we study longer and more carefully will
remain in our memory longer.
……我们学习得越久越仔细的东西就会在我们的记忆
中停留得越久。
点评：本句中“we study longer and more carefully”属于省略了关系词 which / that 的定语从句，修饰主语 the things，且主句和从句之间均用比较级前后呼应。
佳句回顾
... things close to the beginning and end of a list or series are remembered most easily.
……靠近列表或系列的开头和结尾的东西最容易被记
住。
点评：并列短语“close to the beginning and end of a list or series”作后置定语修饰主语things，本句语态为一般现在时的被动语态，“are remembered”构成句子的复合谓语。
更多好词好句，你来探索吧！
佳句回顾
... it is easier to remember things if we study them in many learning sessions over longer periods of time.
……如果我们在长时间的学习过程中学习很多东西，就会更容易记住它们。
点评：进一步巩固本单元重点语法“主现从现”条件句。
因为表述是基于科学实验得出的基本规律，属于给出某条件下“很有可能或必然会产生的结果”，故主句部分用一般现在时。
Discuss the questions below.
(1) What can you learn from Hermann Ebbinghaus’s
findings
Hermann Ebbinghaus discovered that our memory fades over time if we don’t review what we learn. He found that we forget things quickly at first, but reviewing them helps us remember better. His research shows that spaced repetition (studying a little bit over time) is better than cramming (死记硬背).
One possible answer
Discuss the questions below.
(2) Which finding do you think is the most helpful
The most helpful finding is the “forgetting curve” because it teaches us how to study smarter. If we review information at the right times (like after 1 day, 3 days, and a week), we remember it much longer. This helps with schoolwork especially with English learning!
One possible answer
There are many techniques that can help improve our memory. In this project, you will choose two different memory techniques and do an experiment.
Testing the memory techniques
P113
有很多技巧可以帮助提高我们的记忆力。在本项目中，你将选择两项不同的记忆技巧来做一个实验。
Memory technique 1: _______________________
Memory technique 2: _______________________
Things to prepare:
A memory test
e.g. a number or word recall test
A timer (计时器)
Experiment:
Step 1
Find nine subjects for your experiment. You may select those of a similar age or those of the same sex to avoid the effects of age and gender.
第一步：
找9个实验对象。可以选择年龄相近的，也可以选择性别相同的，以避免年龄和性别的影响。
Step 2
Have each subject take a memory test. This first test will tell how good their memory is before they use the memory technique, and the results of this test are called the pre-test score.
第二步：
对每个受试者进行记忆测试。首先测试他们在使用记忆技巧之前的记忆情况。这个测试的结果被称为测试前分数。
Step 3
Divide the subjects into three groups:
Group 1: three subjects using memory technique 1
Group 2: three subjects using memory technique 2 Group 3: three subjects using no memory technique.
第三步：
将受试者分为三组：
第一组：三位受试者学习记忆技巧1
第二组：三名受试者学习记忆技巧2
第三组：三名受试者不进行记忆技巧学习。
Step 4
The next day, have all subjects take the same memory test again. Record their scores. The results of the second test are called the post-test score.
第四步：
第二天，让所有的受试者再次进行相同的记忆测试。记录他们的分数，第二次的测试结果被称为测试后分数。
Step 5
Then compare the pre-test score and post-test score. Which group showed the biggest improvement Which memory technique is the most effective Share your findings with your classmates.
第五步：
对比测试前分数和测试后分数。哪一组进步最大？哪种记忆技巧最有效？与你的同学分享你的发现。
Wits corner
The true art of memory is the art of attention. — Samuel Johnson
记忆的真正艺术是专注的艺术。
——塞缪尔·约翰逊
(英国作家）
实践作业：
了解更多关于艾宾豪斯及其遗忘曲线规律的知识，尝试应用该规律，记忆本单元所学知识。
Thank you!

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