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(共40张PPT)
Grammar and usage
Unit 2
Sports culture
Learning Objectives
01
Language Ability
02
Thinking Quality
03
Learning Ability
Cultural Awareness
04
01
In both written and oral expressions, correctly use the passive voice of the past perfect tense and the past continuous tense to describe a certain sport that you have participated in or watched.
02
Understand the definition, history, scale, gold medal standards, outstanding runners and other relevant information of the city half marathon, and explore the benefits that the city half marathon brings to the city.
Learning
Objectives
03
Master the relevant knowledge points of the passive voice in the past perfect tense and past continuous tense in the discourse and exercises.
04
Perceive the concept conveyed by the urban half marathon, experience the spirit of perseverance and tenacious struggle, and encourage students to have the courage to overcome themselves and break through personal limits.
Learning
Objectives
Key and difficult points
01
Teaching key points
02
Teaching difficult points
01
1. Be able to explain the main usage and predicate form of the passive voice in the past perfect tense and past continuous tense.
2. In specific contexts, correctly use the passive voice in the past perfect tense and the passive voice in the past continuous tense to describe sports.
02
1. Understand the basic information of the city half marathon and be able to briefly discuss the impact of the city half marathon on citizens and the city.
2. Understand the benefits of marathons, feel the spirit of marathons and experience the charm of sports.
Key and
difficult points
Grammar and usage
Read the blog post on page 20 , and find out what Nicole did and fill in the table below.
Six weeks ago
Over the past six weeks
On the day of the city half-marathon
Nicole agreed to take part in a city half-marathon for amateurs.
Nicole started her training very gently on the first day, and gradually increased the distance in each training session.
Nicole ran her race relaxed and confident, even though her limits were being tested like never before
How did Nicole feel after finishing the half-marathon Show the details.
My heart was beating rapidly in my chest as I found a shady place to rest my tired body. My cheeks were red, and I could hear myself breathing heavily as I looked up at the blue sky. When my breathing returned to normal, I reflected on what had just been achieved.
She felt tired but excited.
Nicole wrote a blog post about the city half-marathon she took part in. Find the sentences that use the passive voice in the past continuous and past perfect tenses and fill in the table below. The first one has been done for you.
Passive voice in the past continuous tense
Passive voice in the past perfect tense ..., I reflected on what had just been achieved.
... a city half-marathon for amateurs was being organized ..., even though my limits were being tested like never before.
I was happy to learn that a lot of money had been raised for charity.
Nicole wrote a blog post about the city half-marathon she took part in. Find the sentences that use the passive voice in the past continuous and past perfect tenses and fill in the table below.
Working out the rules
The passive voice in the past continuous tense is used to refer to an action being done at a specific time in the past. The verb form is “(1) ____________________”.
The passive voice in the past perfect tense is used to express an action completed before a past time. The verb form is
“(2) _______________”.
was/were being done
had been done
1. It was an amazing achievement for a player who ______________ (injure) so recently.
2. The swimming pool _________________________ (clean) thoroughly the day before the competition began.
3. He felt that his talents ________________ (waste) as a basketball player and was eager for a change.
4. Tom was told that his teammate won the race while he _______________ (treat) by the team doctor.
5.Photos of the riders _______________________ (take) before they got on their horses.
Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in the brackets.
had been injured
had been cleaned/was cleaned
were being wasted
was being treated
had been taken/were taken
Jessica gave an account of her experience as an volunteer for the city half-marathon. Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in the box below.
make train blow place carry cheer
By the time Cathy and I, together with other volunteers for the city half-marathon, arrived at 4:30 a.m., tables (1)_____________ on both sides of the road. Bottles of water and paper cups (2) _______________ to different tables, so Cathy and I immediately went to help. Then, we took our place at the table and quickly started to arrange the bottles and cups so that they looked like an army of soldiers standing in line for inspection. I took a step back, and looked at the scene with satisfaction. For the previous couple of weeks, I (3)________________ on how to be a volunteer for the half-marathon.
had been placed
were being carried
had (been) trained
I decided to volunteer for this year's half-marathon after the chairman of the organizing committee visited my school. We were told that the competitors would be raising money for charity, and while I didn't feel that I had a strong constitution to run that far, I thought the next best thing would be to help those who could.
After all the preparations (4)______________________, the exciting half-marathon began. Cathy and I waited patiently until word spread that the first runners would be arriving soon. As the tired, thirsty runners ran along, they (5)_________________ by the crowds. Cathy and I quickly poured water into the cups for them. After the last runner passed, I found paper cups and plastic bottles everywhere. The litter (6)________________ around by the wind as I bent over to pick up a plastic bottle. Cathy and I started clearing up. We were tired and wet with sweat but it felt really good to know that we had been able to help others.
had been made/were made
were being cheered
was being blown
Last year, I had the opportunity to watch my school's basketball team play in the Basketball Regional Finals against another school. Our team had been trained by the best coach in the region and had a great chance of winning. Students who were interested in attending the game had been given tickets by the school. The game was held at the city's Olympic Sports Centre, and when we arrived, the stadium was being filled by fans, the air full of excitement. Once we had been seated, we immediately began to cheer for our team. The first three-quarters of the game were nail-biting because our team was being defeated by a small point difference. As the clock counted down in the final quarter, our star player, who was being guarded strongly by the other team's defence, finally broke free and scored the final winning points! The sports centre erupted into a deafening noise. Our team was crowned the Basketball Regional Champion-it's a day I'll always remember.
Think about a sporting event you took part in or watched. Describe the experience using the passive voice in the past continuous and past perfect tenses.
Grammar
1. 定义：过去进行时的被动语态表示过去某一特定时间某事正在被做。常用的时间状语有：then，this time last year，at that time。
例句：He was being interviewed by our director yesterday afternoon.
他昨天下午正在接受我们经理的面试。
The road was being repaired yesterday.
这条路昨天正在被修理。
过去进行时的被动语态
2. 基本结构：was/were being＋动词过去分词
(1)肯定句：主语＋was/were being＋动词过去分词＋其他。
例句：Another bridge was being constructed over the Yellow River then.
那时黄河上正在建设另一座大桥。
(2)否定句：主语＋was/were not being＋动词过去分词＋其他。
例句：The advertisement wasn’t being broadcast at this time yesterday.
昨天这个时候没有播放这条广告。
过去进行时的被动语态
(3)一般疑问句：Was/Were＋主语＋being＋动词过去分词＋其他？
例句：Were the witnesses being questioned by police when you got there
last night
昨天晚上你到那儿的时候，警方是不是正在询问目击者？
(4)特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组＋was/were＋(主语＋) being＋
动词过去分词＋其他？
例句：What was being done to the machine then
那时正对这台机器采取什么措施？
过去进行时的被动语态
3. 过去进行时的被动语态一般不与表示一段时间的状语或表示次数
的状语连用，如要表达这种情况，需要用完成时态的被动语态。
The cause of this accident was being investigated twice.(×)
The cause of this accident has been investigated twice.(√)
The dam there was being built for three months.(×)
The dam there has been built for three months.(√)
过去进行时的被动语态
过去进行时的被动语态强调在过去的某个时间点正在进行的被动动作
一般过去时的被动语态表示的是某个被动动作已经发生。
例句：The player said the policemen came to their rescue in time when they
were being trapped in the snowstorm.
这名运动员说他们被困在暴风雪中时，警察及时赶来救了他们。
例句：Some computers were stolen last night.
昨天晚上一些电脑被偷了。
和一般过去时的被动语态的区别
1.定义：过去完成时的被动语态表示过去某一时间之前已经被完成的动作。该时态强调 受动者 （即动作承受者）在过去的过去已完成某项动作，通常用于描述在另一个过去事件之前发生的被动动作。
例句：The homework had been checked before the students arrived。
在学生到达之前，作业已经检查好了。
They told me that he had been sent to the hospital.
他们告诉我他被送进了医院。
过去完成时的被动语态
2.基本结构：had been＋动词过去分词
(1)肯定句：主语＋had been＋动词过去分词＋其他。
例句：He had been trapped in the burning house for nearly two hours before
the firefighters came to his rescue. 在消防员来营救他之前，他已经
被困在着火的房子里将近两个小时了。
(2)否定句：主语＋hadn’t been＋动词过去分词＋其他。
例句：The injured were disappointed that the ambulance hadn’t been sent to
the accident spot yet.
救护车仍然还没被派往事故现场，伤员很失望。
过去完成时的被动语态
过去完成时的被动语态
(3)一般疑问句：Had＋主语＋been＋动词过去分词＋其他？
例句：Had all the tickets been sold out by the time they got there
在他们到达那里之前，所有的票已经被卖完了吗？
(4)特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组＋had＋(主语＋) been＋动词过去分词＋其他？
例句：What preventative measures had been taken before the earthquake
took place
在这次地震发生之前，采取了什么样的防御性措施？
过去完成时的被动语态
3.用法：
(1)用在told，said，knew，thought 等动词后的宾语从句中，表示宾语从句中的动作已被做完。
例句：He said that the books had already been sold out.
他说书已经被卖完了。
(2)表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的被动动作，常与by，before等引导的时间状语连用。
例句：By the time we got there, he had been persuaded to give up his
unpractical plan. 我们到那里时，他已经被说服放弃了他不
切合实际的计划。
过去完成时的被动语态
(3)表示从过去某一时间开始，延续到过去另一时间的被动动作，常与for, since引导的时间状语连用。
例句： It was reported that the sale had been advertised for several weeks.
据报道，这场展销会已经做了好几个星期的广告了。
(4)在 It was the first/second/...time that...句型中，从句的主语是动作的承受者时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。
例句：It was the second time that the channel had been accused of reporting
false news.这是第二次这个频道被指控播放假新闻。
过去完成时的被动语态
(5)用在Hardly/Scarcely/Rarely...when...和No sooner...than...句型中，表示“一……就……”。
例句：Hardly had the work been finished when the rain poured down.
＝No sooner had the work been finished than the rain poured down.
工作刚做完，雨就倾盆而下。
(6)根据语意可以判断出动作先后的被动语态，用过去完成时。
例句：He had to leave his house because it had been flooded.
他只好离开他的房子，因为他的房子已经被淹了。
和现在完成时的被动语态的区别
过去完成时的被动语态表示相对于过去某一时刻来说已被完成的动作
现在完成时的被动语态表示相对于现在来说已被完成的动作。
例句：The professor was very delighted to find that two thirds of the
project had been finished by the students independently.
教授非常高兴地发现，学生们已独立完成了该项目的三分之二。
例句：Many words have been added to this edition of the dictionary.
这一版本的词典上增加了许多词。
Vocabulary
reflect on/upon sth. 反省/认真思考某事
reflect 　　 v. 反映，显示；表达；反射；思考
reflect. . . in. . . 在……中映出……的影像
be reflected in 倒映在；反映在
reflection n. 反射；反映；映像；沉思
on reflection 再三考虑
例句：He stared at his own image reflected in the water.
他凝视着自己在水中的倒影。
练习：It seems beautiful that the tall buildings ___________ (reflect) in the lake around which there are many trees.
are reflected
limit n. 限度，限制；限量，限额；界限　
v. 限制，限定，限量，减量
limit. . . to . . . 　 把……限定在……范围内
set a limit to sth. 对……限定范围
within the limits of 在……范围内
limited adj. 有限的
limitless adj. 无限制的；无止境的
练习：He was born in a poor family, and only received _______ (limit) education in his childhood.
limited
bend v.（使）倾斜；（使四肢）弯曲；（使）拐弯
n. 拐弯，弯道
bend before/to　 屈从于
bend down 弯腰；蹲下
bend over 俯身
a sharp bend 急转弯
bent adj. 弯曲的；弯腰的，驼背的
例句：We shall never bend before difficulties.
我们决不会在困难面前屈服。
练习：Do this exercise with your knees ____ (bend).
bent
walk on air欢天喜地，得意洋洋
by air　　 乘飞机；通过航空途径
on the air 在广播，广播中
in the air 在空中；悬而未决；在流传中；不设防
float/walk on air 欢天喜地；得意洋洋
airs and graces 摆架子；装腔作势
例句：After winning the championship , I felt like I could walk on air. 获得冠军后，我（高兴得）飘飘欲仙。
练习：He was the first man to navigate the Atlantic ___ air.
by
keep sth. in perspective正确客观地看待
“keep+宾语+介词短语（作宾补）”结构常用短语：
keep one’s distance from . . . 与……保持距离/疏远
keep. . . in mind记住……
keep . . . under control控制……
keep one’s eyes on注视，盯着看，关注
keep an eye on照看；留意；密切注视
练习：The TV program Readers was so exciting that all the students kept their eyes _____ (fix) on the screen.
fixed
Exercise
语法填空
1. It was the first time that his house _______________ (paint).
2. By the time the firefighters arrived, the fire ____________ (put) out by the villagers.
3. Mr. Lee felt that he _________________ (follow) by someone, so he walked faster and went into a crowded market.
4. They were all good at recalling words and pictures that _______________ (show) on a computer screen.
5. Before Jack got to school, the first period ________________ (finish).
had been painted
had been put
was being followed
had been shown
had been finished
语法填空
6. One night, David came to a place where a singing competition ____________ (hold) and he entered the competition.
7. At this time last night, a close basketball match ________________ (broadcast) on TV.
8. When Peter came into the room, Mr. Green __________________ (question) by the police.
9. Bob said many activities ________________ (prepare) for the celebration of the university’s 60th anniversary (周年纪念日) at that time.
10. She ____________ (ask) a difficult question, and she didn’t know how to answer it.
was being held
was being broadcast
was being questioned
were being prepared
had been asked
Homework
1. Complete the exercises at the end of the class.
2. Take Activity B3 as an example. Use the passive voice
of the past perfect tense and the past continuous tense
to write an article introducing a sports event you are
familiar with.
THANKS

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