资源简介 外研版(2019)高一英语必须第一册Unit 1 A New Start知识点总结(单词+短语+句子+语法)(全新完整版)一、主要短语校园生活类1. make a good impression 留下好印象2. senior high school 高中3. school facilities 学校设施4. attend a lecture 参加讲座5. join a club 加入社团6. school uniform 校服7. take notes 记笔记8. hand in homework 交作业9. meet new classmates 认识新同学10. school routine 学校日常学习与目标类11. set goals 设定目标12. make progress 取得进步13. focus on studies 专注于学习14. overcome difficulties 克服困难15. develop good habits 养成好习惯16. time management 时间管理17. prepare for exams 备考18. improve skills 提升技能19. achieve success 获得成功20. work hard 努力学习情感与态度类21. feel nervous 感到紧张22. be excited about 对……兴奋23. build confidence 建立自信24. stay positive 保持积极25. face challenges 面对挑战26. adapt to changes 适应变化27. feel proud of 为……自豪28. encourage each other 互相鼓励29. deal with stress 应对压力30. keep motivated 保持动力社交与沟通类31. introduce oneself 自我介绍32. make friends 交朋友33. share ideas 分享想法34. teamwork spirit 团队精神municate effectively 有效沟通36. ask for help 寻求帮助37. give advice 给出建议38. show respect 表示尊重39. cooperate with others 与他人合作40. resolve conflicts 解决冲突活动与经历类41. participate in activities 参与活动42. school assembly 学校集会43. opening ceremony 开学典礼44. sports meeting 运动会45. cultural festival 文化节46. volunteer work 志愿工作47. field trip 实地考察48. give a speech 发表演讲49. win a prize 获奖50. create memories 创造回忆其他实用短语51. on the first day 在第一天52. from now on 从现在开始53. in the future 在未来54. step by step 逐步地55. make a difference 产生影响56. look forward to 期待二、重点单词学校生活与学习1. impression / m pre n/ n. 印象2. lecture / lekt (r)/ n. 讲座3. assignment / sa nm nt/ n. 作业4. deadline / dedla n/ n. 最后期限5. schedule / edju l/ n. 时间表6. textbook / tekstb k/ n. 教科书7. revise /r va z/ v. 复习8. memorize / mem ra z/ v. 背诵9. graduate / ɡr d ue t/ v. 毕业10. campus / k mp s/ n. 校园11. dormitory / d m tri/ n. 宿舍12. laboratory /l b r tri/ n. 实验室13. cafeteria / k f t ri / n. 食堂14. semester /s mest (r)/ n. 学期15. principal / pr ns pl/ n. 校长16. advisor / d va z (r)/ n. 导师17. classmate / klɑ sme t/ n. 同学情绪与心理状态18. excited / k sa t d/ adj. 兴奋的19. nervous / n v s/ adj. 紧张的20. confident / k nf d nt/ adj. 自信的21. determined /d t m nd/ adj. 坚定的22. enthusiastic / n θju zi st k/ adj. 热情的23. frustrated /fr stre t d/ adj. 沮丧的24. inspired / n spa d/ adj. 受鼓舞的25. anxious / k s/ adj. 焦虑的26. curious / kj ri s/ adj. 好奇的行为与活动27. explore / k spl (r)/ v. 探索28. adapt / d pt/ v. 适应29. participate /pɑ t s pe t/ v. 参与30. organize / ɡ na z/ v. 组织31. achieve / t i v/ v. 实现32. struggle / str ɡl/ v. 奋斗33. encourage / n k r d / v. 鼓励34. improve / m pru v/ v. 提高35. focus / f k s/ v. 集中注意力学科与知识领域36. biology /ba l d i/ n. 生物学37. literature / l tr t (r)/ n. 文学38. geometry /d i m tri/ n. 几何学39. science / sa ns/ n. 科学40. history / h stri/ n. 历史41. mathematics / m θ m t ks/ n. 数学抽象概念42. opportunity / p tju n ti/ n. 机会43. challenge / t l nd / n. 挑战44. potential /p ten l/ n. 潜力45. responsibility /r sp ns b l ti/ n. 责任46. independence / nd pend ns/ n. 独立47. success /s k ses/ n. 成功48. failure / fe lj (r)/ n. 失败49. goal /ɡ l/ n. 目标时间与阶段50. decade / deke d/ n. 十年51. period / p ri d/ n. 时期52. moment / m m nt/ n. 时刻53. future / fju t (r)/ n. 未来物品与工具54. notebook / n tb k/ n. 笔记本55. backpack / b kp k/ n. 背包56. dictionary / d k nri/ n. 词典57. pen /pen/ n. 钢笔58. pencil / pensl/ n. 铅笔其他高频词59. actually / kt u li/ adv. 实际上60. finally / fa n li/ adv. 最终61. properly / pr p li/ adv. 正确地62. especially / spe li/ adv. 尤其63. probably / pr b bli/ adv. 可能64. quickly / kw kli/ adv. 快速地65. carefully / ke f li/ adv. 仔细地66. immediately / mi di tli/ adv. 立即67. normally / n m li/ adv. 通常68. seriously / s ri sli/ adv. 认真地69. suddenly / s d nli/ adv. 突然地70. usually / ju u li/ adv. 通常71. hardly / hɑ dli/ adv. 几乎不重点句型自我介绍与校园生活类:1. Let me introduce myself. 【请允许我自我介绍】 "Let me introduce myself. I'm Li Hua from Class 5."【"请允许我自我介绍。我是来自5班的李华。"】2. I'm thrilled to be here. 【我很激动能来到这里】 "I'm thrilled to be here at this famous school."【"能来到这所名校学习,我十分激动。"】3. My first impression of the school was... 【我对学校的第一印象是...】 "My first impression of the school was its amazing library facilities."【"我对学校的第一印象是其超棒的图书馆设施。"】4. The campus is larger than I expected. 【校园比我想象的要大】 "The campus is larger than I expected, with three sports fields."【"校园比我想象的大得多,有三个运动场。"】5. I'm majoring in... 【我主修...】 "I'm majoring in science subjects this semester."【"这学期我主修理科科目。"】学习类相关句型6. I'm struggling with... 【我在...方面有困难】 "I'm struggling with the chemistry assignments."【"我在化学作业方面遇到困难。"】7. The assignment is due on... 【作业截止日期是...】 "The assignment is due on next Friday afternoon."【"作业截止日期是下周五下午。"】8. Could you explain that again 【你能再解释一遍吗?】 "Could you explain that again I didn't quite follow."【"能再解释一遍吗?我没完全听懂。"】9. I need to revise for the test. 【我需要复习备考】 "I need to revise for the test on Chapter 3."【"我需要复习第三章的考试内容。"】10. How do you memorize new words 【你如何记忆新单词?】 "How do you memorize new words effectively "【"你如何高效记忆新单词?"】适应新环境类11. It takes time to adapt to... 【适应...需要时间】 "It takes time to adapt to the new teaching methods."【"适应新的教学方法需要时间。"】12. I'm getting used to the new schedule. 【我正逐渐习惯新的时间表】 "I'm getting used to the new schedule with morning self-study."【"我正在适应包含早自习的新作息。"】13. The biggest challenge for me is... 【对我来说最大的挑战是...】 "The biggest challenge for me is balancing study and sports."【"对我来说最大的挑战是平衡学习和运动。"】14. Don't hesitate to ask for help. 【不要犹豫寻求帮助】 "Don't hesitate to ask for help when you need it."【"需要帮助时请尽管开口。"】15. I feel more confident now. 【我现在感觉更自信了】 "I feel more confident now after the orientation week."【"经过迎新周后,我现在感觉更自信了。"】目标与计划16. My short-term goal is to... 【我的短期目标是...】 "My short-term goal is to improve my English pronunciation."【"我的短期目标是改善英语发音。"】17. I'm determined to improve my... 【我决心提高我的...】 "I'm determined to improve my math grades this term."【"我决心这学期提高数学成绩。"】18. Time management is crucial. 【时间管理很关键】 "Time management is crucial for high school students."【"对高中生来说,时间管理至关重要。"】19. I plan to participate in... 【我计划参加...】 "I plan to participate in the school debate competition."【"我计划参加校辩论赛。"】20. What's your study strategy 【你的学习策略是什么?】 "What's your study strategy for history exams "【"你历史考试的备考策略是什么?"】建议与鼓励21. You'll get better with practice. 【通过练习你会做得更好】 "You'll get better with practice, just keep trying."【"多练习就会进步,继续努力。"】22. Don't be afraid to make mistakes. 【不要害怕犯错】 "Don't be afraid to make mistakes when speaking English."【"说英语时不要怕犯错。"】23. Why not try this method 【为什么不试试这个方法?】 "Why not try this method for vocabulary memorization "【"何不试试这个单词记忆方法?"】24. Keep up the good work! 【继续保持!】 "Your essay is excellent—keep up the good work!"【"你的作文很棒,继续保持!"】25. You're making great progress. 【你进步很大】 "You're making great progress in your writing skills."【"你的写作能力进步显著。"】社交互动26. Would you like to study together 【要一起学习吗?】 "Would you like to study together for the biology test "【"要一起复习生物考试吗?"】27. Let's exchange contact information. 【我们交换联系方式吧】 "Let's exchange contact information for group projects."【"为了小组作业,我们交换下联系方式吧。"】28. I really appreciate your help. 【非常感谢你的帮助】 "I really appreciate your help with my presentation."【"非常感谢你帮我准备演讲。"】29. What do you think about... 【你觉得...怎么样?】 "What do you think about the new school uniform policy "【"你对新校服制度怎么看?"】30. We have a lot in common. 【我们有很多共同点】 "We have a lot in common, especially our interest in robotics."【"我们有很多共同点,特别是对机器人的兴趣。"】时间表达31. The first period starts at... 【第一节课在...开始】 "The first period starts at 7:50 am sharp."【"第一节课7:50准时开始。"】32. I usually spend...hours studying. 【我通常花...小时学习】 "I usually spend two hours studying after dinner."【"晚饭后我通常学习两小时。"】33. By the end of this semester,... 【到本学期末,...】 "By the end of this semester, I hope to master 500 new words."【"到本学期末,我希望能掌握500个新单词。"】34. It's time to... 【是时候...了】 "It's time to review what we've learned today."【"是时候复习今天学的内容了。"】35. How do you arrange your time 【你如何安排时间?】 "How do you arrange your time between clubs and studies "【"你如何安排社团活动和学习时间?"】情感表达36. I feel nervous/excited about... 【我对...感到紧张/兴奋】 "I feel nervous about tomorrow's oral English test."【"我对明天的英语口试感到紧张。"】37. It's frustrating when... 【当...时很令人沮丧】 "It's frustrating when I can't express myself clearly in English."【"当我无法用英语清楚表达时很沮丧。"】38. I was inspired by... 【我被...所鼓舞】 "I was inspired by the principal's opening speech."【"校长的开学演讲让我深受鼓舞。"】39. Don't put too much pressure on yourself. 【别给自己太大压力】 "Don't put too much pressure on yourself for this quiz."【"这次小测验别给自己太大压力。"】40. I'm looking forward to... 【我期待着...】 "I'm looking forward to the school sports meeting next month."【"我期待着下个月的校运会。"】实用课堂用语41. Could you speak more slowly 【能说慢一点吗?】 "Could you speak more slowly I want to take notes."【"能说慢点吗?我想记笔记。"】42. I didn't catch that. 【我没听清楚】 "I didn't catch that last point about the equation."【"我没听清关于方程式的最后一点。"】43. What does this word mean 【这个单词是什么意思?】 "What does this word mean in this context "【"这个单词在上下文里是什么意思?"】44. How do you pronounce this 【这个怎么发音?】 "How do you pronounce this scientific term "【"这个科学术语怎么发音?"】45. Let me write that down. 【让我记下来】 "That's an important tip—let me write that down."【"这是个重要提示——让我记下来。"】总结与反思46. In conclusion,... 【总之,...】 "In conclusion, the first week has been challenging but rewarding."【"总之,第一周充满挑战但收获颇丰。"】47. Looking back,... 【回顾起来,...】 "Looking back, I should have prepared more for the placement test."【"回顾起来,我本该为分班考试做更多准备。"】48. I've learned that... 【我学到了...】 "I've learned that asking questions is the best way to learn."【"我学到了提问是最好的学习方式。"】49. Next time I will... 【下次我会...】 "Next time I will start my assignments earlier to avoid last-minute stress."【"下次我会早点开始作业,避免最后时刻手忙脚乱。"】四、语法点本单元语法主要是句子成分和基本句子类型。句子成分一)核心成分句子成分就是构成句子的各个部分,按照功能可分为主要成分(主语、谓语)、次要成分(宾语、表语、补语、定语、状语)以及其它特殊成分(同位语、插入语)等。1. 主语- 定义:主语是句子陈述的对象,指明句子说的是“谁”或“什么”。它是句子的核心主体。- 词性:主要由名词、代词担任。此外,动名词、动词不定式、数词、名词化的形容词以及从句(主语从句)也可以作主语。- 例句:- 名词:`Love` is beautiful. (爱是美好的。)- 代词:`She` is a doctor. (她是一名医生。)- 动名词:`Swimming` is good for health. (游泳对健康有益。)- 不定式:`To see` is to believe. (眼见为实。)- 从句:`What he said` is true. (他所说的是真的。)2. 谓语- 定义:谓语用来说明主语的动作、状态或特征。- 类型:谓语分为两大类:- 实义动词(表示具体动作):run, eat, write- 系动词(表示状态):be, seem, become例句:She dances beautifully. (实义动词)They are happy. (系动词)另外,还有由`情态动词(can, may, must...) + 动词原形`构成:- 例句:You `should have` a rest. (你应该休息一下。)3. 宾语- 定义:表示动作、行为的对象,是动作的承受者。- 词性:与主语相似,主要由名词、代词担任,也可以是动名词、不定式、从句等。- 位置:位于及物动词之后。- 类型:- 直接宾语:表示动作的直接承受者。- 例句:I bought a `book`. (我买了一本书。)- 间接宾语:表示动作是对谁或为谁做的,通常指人。- 例句:He gave `me` a gift. (他给了我一份礼物。)- 间接宾语常可改为由`to`或`for`引导的短语:He gave a gift `to me`.- 介词宾语:位于介词之后。- 例句:I'm thinking `about the plan`. (我正在考虑这个计划。)4. 表语- 定义:用于系动词之后,说明主语的身份、性质、特征或状态。它与系动词一起构成复合谓语(也称系表结构)。- 常用系动词:`be`(是), `become`(成为), `get`(变得), `look`(看起来), `sound`(听起来), `feel`(摸起来/感觉), `seem`(似乎), `turn`(变得)等。- 词性:可由名词、形容词、代词、数词、介词短语、不定式、动名词、从句等担任。- 例句:- 名词:He is a `teacher`. (他是个老师。)- 形容词:The food tastes `delicious`. (这食物尝起来很美味。)- 介词短语:The book is `on the desk`. (书在桌子上。)- 不定式:His dream is `to become a pilot`. (他的梦想是成为一名飞行员。)5. 定语- 定义:用来修饰、限定名词或代词的成分,说明其品质、特征或所属。- 词性:主要由形容词担任。此外,名词、代词、数词、介词短语、不定式、分词、从句等也可作定语。- 位置:单个词作定语通常放在被修饰词之前(前置定语);短语或从句作定语则放在被修饰词之后(后置定语)。- 例句:- 形容词(前置):She is a `beautiful` girl. (她是个漂亮的女孩。)- 介词短语(后置):The boy `in red` is my brother. (穿红衣服的那个男孩是我弟弟。)- 不定式(后置):I have a lot of work `to do`. (我有很多要做的工作。)- 从句(后置,即定语从句):This is the book `which I bought yesterday`. (这就是我昨天买的那本书。)6. 状语- 定义:用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的成分,表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、程度、条件等。- 词性:主要由副词担任。介词短语、不定式、分词、从句等也可作状语。- 位置:非常灵活,可置于句首、句中或句末。- 例句(按功能分类):- 时间状语:`Yesterday`, I met her. (昨天,我遇见了她。)- 地点状语:We held a party `in the park`. (我们在公园里举办了一场派对。)- 方式状语:He speaks English `fluently`. (他英语说得很流利。)- 原因状语:`Because of the rain`, we stayed at home. (因为下雨,我们呆在家里。)- 目的状语:He got up early `to catch the first bus`. (他早起是为了赶上头班车。)- 条件状语:`If it rains tomorrow`, we will cancel the trip. (如果明天下雨,我们将取消行程。)7. 补语- 定义:用于补充说明主语或宾语的成分,使句意完整。分为主语补足语和宾语补足语。- 主语补足语:通常出现在被动语态或系表结构中,说明主语的状态。(注:很多语法体系将系动词后的表语也视为主语补足语)。- 例句:He was elected `monitor`. (他被选为班长。)<- 补充说明主语“He”- 宾语补足语:跟在宾语之后,补充说明宾语“做什么”、“怎么样”或“是什么”。常用名词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语等担任。- 名词:They made him `chairman`. (他们让他当主席。)- 形容词:I found the book `interesting`. (我发现这本书很有趣。)- 不定式:He asked me `to come early`. (他要求我早点来。)- 分词:I heard my name `called`. (我听到有人叫我的名字。)另外还有其它两类:8. 同位语- 定义:一个名词(或起名词作用的短语/从句)对另一个名词或代词进行解释或说明,指代同一事物或人,这个成分就是同位语。- 位置:通常紧跟在它所说明的词之后。- 例句扩展:- 词/短语作同位语:Mr. Smith, `our new teacher`, is very kind. (史密斯先生,我们的新老师,非常和蔼。)- 从句作同位语(即同位语从句):The news `that we won the game` is exciting. (我们赢了比赛的这个消息令人兴奋。)9. 插入语- 定义:插入句子中的独立成分- 例句:This method, I believe, will work.(这个方法,我相信会有效)成分分析示例:课文原句:After the orientation week, most freshmen gradually adapt to the new environment. After the orientation week:时间状语 most freshmen:主语(名词短语) gradually:方式状语 adapt:谓语动词 to the new environment:介词短语作宾语易错点提醒主谓一致: The list of assignments are long. → is long(主语是list)总结:句子成分关系图:┌─────────────┐│ 主语 │←被定语修饰│ (名词/代词等) │└─────────────┘↓┌─────────────┐│ 谓语 │←被状语修饰│ (动词/系表结构等) │└─────────────┘↓┌─────────────┐│ 宾语 │←被定语修饰│ (可带补语) │└─────────────┘基本句型:英语句子虽然千变万化,但其核心结构可以归纳为五种基本句型。这些句型是构建所有复杂句子的基础。一、英语五种基本句型1. 主 + 谓(S + V)结构:主语 + 不及物动词特点:动词(V)不需要宾语,句子意思完整。例句:- The sun rises. (太阳升起。)- Birds sing. (鸟儿歌唱。)- He runs every morning. (他每天早上跑步。)注意:- 如果动词后接状语(如时间、地点),仍然是S + V结构。- She sleeps soundly. (她睡得很香。)→ soundly 是状语,不是宾语。2. 主 + 谓 + 宾(S + V + O)结构:主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语特点:动词(V)必须带宾语(O),否则句子不完整。例句:- She loves music. (她喜欢音乐。)- They play football. (他们踢足球。)- We study English. (我们学习英语。)注意:- 宾语可以是名词、代词、动名词、不定式或从句。- I like swimming. (我喜欢游泳。)→ 动名词作宾语- He wants to leave. (他想离开。)→ 不定式作宾语3. 主 + 系 + 表(S + V + P)结构:主语 + 系动词 + 表语特点:系动词(如 be, seem, become)后接表语(P),描述主语的状态或性质。例句:- She is a teacher. (她是一名老师。)- The cake smells delicious. (蛋糕闻起来很香。)- He became angry. (他生气了。)常见系动词:- be(am/is/are/was/were)- 感官动词:look(看起来)、sound(听起来)、taste(尝起来)、feel(感觉)、smell(闻起来)- 变化类:become(变成)、get(变得)、turn(变成)、grow(变得)表语的形式:- 名词(She is a doctor.)- 形容词(The food is delicious.)- 介词短语(He is in the room.)4. 主 + 谓 + 间宾 + 直宾(S + V + IO + DO)结构:主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语(人) + 直接宾语(物)特点:动词后接两个宾语,间接宾语(IO)通常是人,直接宾语(DO)是物。例句:- She gave me a book. (她给了我一本书。)- He told us a story. (他给我们讲了一个故事。)- My mother bought me a new dress. (我妈妈给我买了一条新裙子。)可转换为介词结构(S + V + DO + to/for + IO):- She gave a book to me.- He told a story to us.- My mother bought a new dress for me.常见双宾动词:- give(给)、tell(告诉)、send(寄)、show(展示)、buy(买)、bring(带来)5. 主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补(S + V + O + OC)结构:主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语特点:宾语补足语(OC)补充说明宾语的状态或动作,使句子完整。例句:- They elected him president. (他们选他当总统。)- We found the movie boring. (我们发现这部电影很无聊。)- She made me happy. (她让我开心。)宾补的形式:- 名词(They called her a genius.)- 形容词(I painted the wall blue.)- 不定式(He asked me to leave.)- 分词(I saw him running.)常见宾补动词:make(使)、call(称呼)、find(发现)、keep(保持)、see(看见)、hear(听见)总结下:句型 结构 例句S + V 主 + 谓 The sun rises.S + V + O 主 + 谓 + 宾 She reads books.S + V + P 主 + 系 + 表 He is happy.S + V + IO + DO 主 + 谓 + 间宾 + 直宾 She gave me a gift.S + V + O + OC 主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补 They made him leader.以上五种基本句型可以通过定语、状语、同位语等修饰成分进行扩展,形成更复杂的句子,但其基本句型结构都是万变不离其宗,实际上各种复杂的句子我们在课文中都已经见到、学习到很多了。 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览