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Unit 2 wildlife protection知识清单
hunt/hant/vt.
hunt for 寻找；搜索 hunt out 搜捕；搜寻 hunt down 追捕，捉住
The kids were hunting for shells on the beach.孩子们在海滩上寻找贝壳。
2 . immediately /rmi:diatli/adv.立刻（conj 一......就...）
immediately强调时间短，毫不延迟地进行，
如answer immediately(立刻回答）quickly强调动作迅速、敏捷，如walk quickly(走路快）
3 . on earth(放在疑问词之后表示强调）究竟；到底 在地球上；
How on earth did that happen 那件事到底怎么发生的？on the earth/Earth 在地球上
on earth 常用于以how、why等开头的疑问句，否定名词短语后及含形容词最高级的名词短语后以示强调。
die out 灭亡；逐渐消失 die of/from...死于......
die down逐渐变弱 Die off相继死亡 die away 逐渐消失
alarm/a'la:m/vt.使惊恐；使害怕；使担心|n.恐慌；警报；警报器（闹钟）in alarm惊慌地
sound/set off the alarm发警报；敲警钟
The alarm went off, and people ran out in alarm.警报响了，人们惊慌地跑了出去。alarmed adj.担忧的；恐慌的→be alarmed at/by…因……而害怕
be alarmed to do...做……感到恐慌 alarming adj.令人恐慌的
Rating n.等级；级别
rate/reit/n.速度；(比）率vt.划分等级（评价，评估）
At any rate无论如何；至少 at this rate 照这种情形；既然这样
at a rate of...以……的速度；以……的比率
At any rate, he has to finish his job today.无论如何，他今天都要完成工作。
mass/maes/adj.大量的；广泛的n.大量；堆；群（质量：物质）
in the mass(=as a whole)总体上 be a mass of...满是……；遍地是……
There were masses of people in the shops yesterday。昨天商店里人如潮涌。
a mass of 和masses of 意为“众多，大量”，后面可接可数名词复数或不可数名词，谓语动词与mass 的数保持一致。
8. aware/a'wes(r)l adj.知道；发觉；有……意识的（*不作前置定语）
make sb aware of … 让某人知道… be aware of… 意识到；知道
as far as I'm aware(-as far as I know)据我所知
Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meaning of silence护士和其他护理人员需要意识到沉默的可能含义。（全国心）
(反义）unaware adj.没察觉的 awareness n.意识；认识
9. average n. 平均数；平均水平 adj. 平均的；正常的；普通的
on average 平均来看 an everage of… 的平均数 an average of………的平均数 a price of...平均售价为……
above/below(the)average高/低于平均水平
On average, men still earn more than women.平均来看，男性仍比女性挣得多T
10．concern/kan's3:n/v.涉及；让……担忧（n与……有关，n. 担忧，关心）
have no concern with… 同… 无关
concern over/for/about...对……的担忧
Concern作“担心；挂念”讲时，主语一般是人；作“与……有关”讲时，不可用于被动结构。
concerning prep.关于
11. concerned adj.担心的；关切的（熟词生义：有关的，有牵连的）
as far as I'm concerned 就我而言 be concerned with...与……有关
be concerned for/about...对......关切的；为……担忧的
12 living/adj.居住的；活的；在用的n.生活；生计
earn one's living 谋生
living “有生命的；活的”，可作定语或表语，作定语时一般前置，可指人和物
live “活着的”，用于指物，一般不指人
alive “活着的”，为表语形容词，作表语时可与living互换，作定语时为后置定语
13.adapt/a'dapt/vi.适应vt.使适应；使适合（改编）
adapt to适应；适合
adapt from...根据......改编/改写......
adapt A for B 将 A 改编为 B
adapt oneself to-be adapted to 使……适应/适合
The good thing about children is that they adapt very easily to new environments.
孩子们的优势就是他们能很容易地适应新的环境。（浙江卷）
adaptation n.适应；改编本，改写本 adaptable adj.能适应的；可改编的adapt改编
14. measure/'me3a(r)/n.措施；方法 vt.测量；度量；估量
measure sb for sth给某人量（衣服尺寸）
take measures to do sth 采取措施做某事
in large/some measure在很大/某种程度上
measure A by B用B衡量A
measure out量出；配出
make a suit to sb's measure 给某人量身做一套衣服
15. pressure /prefa(r)/n.压力;要求
under pressure在压力下;承受压力
put pressure on sb向某人施压
relieve/reduce pressure减轻压力
blood pressure血压
be under pressure from sb to do sth面临某人要求做某事的压力
16. reserve /r'z3:v/n. (动植物)保护区;储藏(量r.预订;预留;保留
keep sth in reserve保存某物以备用
a wild reserve野生动植物保护区
reserve...for. 为----预留....
without reserve毫无保留地
reserve the right to do sth保留做某事的权利
例“It's such a nice place,”Mother said as she sat at the table reserved for customers.
妈妈坐在为客人们预留的桌子旁说:“这真是一个好地方
reservation n预约;预订
reserved adj.已经预订的
→订货、订菜用order ; 订饭馆、座位用reserve; 订票、订房间用book、order.reserve。
reserve指为将来使用或某一特殊的目的而“保存”，如reserve one's strengh(养精蓄锐);此外还有“预订"之意
preserve 指为免受破坏而保存某物,如preserve forest resources(保护森林资源)
17.make out看清;听清;分清-把-.说成;取得进展)
例：He could just make out a dark shape moving towards him.
他只能勉强看到有个黑影朝他走来。
make... out of.. 使...变成....
18. observe /ab'z3:v/ vl.观察(到);注视;遵守(熟词生义:庆祝)
observation n. 观察 observer n.观察者 observe 观察
observe sb do/doing sth观察到某人(正在)做某事
be observed to do sth被发现在做某事
被动语态中不定式中的to不能省略
observe sb do sth侧重指看到某人做某事的全过程;observe sb doing sth侧重指看到某人正在做某事。
The police observed a man enter the bank警方看到一名男子走进了银行。
They observed him entering the bank.他们看到他正走进银行。
19. remind /r'marnd/ vt.提醒;使想起
remind sb of sb/sth使某人想起(类似的人或物)
remind sb sth( X )
remind sb that...提醒某人......
remind sb to do sth提醒某人做某事
Hearing that song reminds me ofa certain night in the countryside.
听到那首歌使我想起了在乡下的那个晚上。
remind后面不能接双宾语，类似的词还有:
cure sb of sth. 治好某人的....病
inform sb of sth. 通知某人某事
convince sb of sth. 使某人相信某事
20. shoot/fut/ on. &vi (shot, shot )射杀;射伤;发射(射门:授球;拍摄)
shoot at.. 向---.射击
shoot sb in the leg..射中某人的腿....
shoot 指“射中”.强调结果； shoot at指“..-.射击”，强调动作。
shoot a movie拍电影
shoot a basket投篮
21. watch over保护;照管;监督
Will you watch over my clothes while I have a swim
我去游泳,你帮我看一下衣服好吗
watch out=look out=take care 小心
take care of = look after =care for =see to=attend to 照顾
be on watch在值班
keep watch on监视
watch out for(=look out for) 密切注意;留意
watch the time留意时间(以免耽误某事)
22. day and night日日夜夜;夜以继日
up and down上上下下
ups and downs浮沉;兴衰;荣辱
back and forth来来回回
now and then不时地
23 attack n. vi/vt. .攻击;抨击
attack sb with sth用某物攻击某人
make an attack on...攻击......
under attack遭受攻击
攻击←-attack- →>抨击
She was attacked while walking home late at night. 她在深夜走回家的路上遭到袭击。
24. recover vi.恢复;康复 vt.找回;寻回
recover from...从....中复原，康复
recover oneself( =calm down)镇定下来;恢复冷静
After a few days of fever, she began to recover. 发烧几天之后,她开始恢复健康。
recovery n.痊愈；恢复；找回
cover vt. 盖；覆盖 n. 覆盖物；封面 uncover vt.揭露
discover vt. 发现 discovery n.发现
25. remove vt. 去除;移开;脱去 (熟词生义:迁移:量迁:开除:免除)
remove拿走(离开原位置) move移动(改变位置或姿势)
remove.. from把....移走
remove.. to. (.把.... )迁移到;搬到
How can we remove the husk of the gain 我们怎样去掉谷物的外皮
Reference book may not be removed from the library, 参考书不得带出图书馆。
removal n.移动;去除;搬迁
removable adj.可去除的
26. intend vi./vt. .打算;计划;想要
intend doing sth=intend to do sth打算做某事
be intended for sb/sth专门为某人/物设计的
intend sb to do sth打算让某人做某事
intend后可接动名词，也可接动词不定式。
had intended to do sth意为“原打算做某事，但实际上未作
He intends to get up at 5. = he plans to get up at 5. 他计划5点起床。
intention n. 打算；意图 have the intention to do sth 有做某事的打算.
with the intention of doing sth. 打算做某事
27. threaten vt. 威胁；危及
threaten to do sth 威胁做某事 threaten sb with. . . 以··威胁某人
threaten (that) 威胁 . . . . be threatened with sth 受到某物的威胁
threat n. 威胁。－－make/issue a threat against sb 对某人进行威胁
short adj. 短的－shorten v. 缩短
dark adj. 黑暗的－darken v. 变黑
sharp adj. 尖的－sharpen v.削尖
damp adj. 潮湿的一dampen v. 使潮湿
broad adj. 宽的一broaden v. 加宽
sweet adj. 甜的－－sweeten v. 变甜
28．exist vi. 存在；生存 是不及物动词，不能用于被动语态，
exist in 存在于 . . . exist on 靠··生存
There exists some positive effect. 存在一些积极的影响。
existence n. 存在；生存一in existence 存在 come into existence 形成，产生
29. harmony n. 和谐；融洽（harmonious adj. 和谐的）
be in/out of harmony with 与 . . . . 协调／不协调
Your suggestions are not in harmony with the aims of this project.
你的建议与本项目的目标不符。
30. reduce vt. 减少（熟词生义：使陷入；使简化为；减肥；降级）
reduce减少 reduce by. . . 减少了 . . . reduce. . .to. . . 减少到....
reduce sb to doing sth 迫使某人做某事 reduce sb to tears/silence使某人流泪／沉默
reduce sth to ashes/ruins把某物化为灰烬／废墟
词汇串记
decrease v. 减少 drop v. 减少，降低 reduction n. 减少
produce v. 生产 introduce v. 介绍，引入
31. due adj. 由于；因为（熟词生义：预定：预期：应付；到期的）
due to 由于；因为（to为介词） be due to sb 应付给某人（to为介词）
be due to do sth 预期做某事
Her mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness.
她的母亲因病无法支付度假费用。
due to 在句中作状语、表语或定语，一般不位于向首。
表示由于的短语：owing to, thanks to, because of, on account of, as a result of.
例句：The rent is due. 房租到期了。
32．search for搜索；查找
例句：Educational websites are helpful to a teenager in searching for a college.
教育类网站在青少年搜寻大学的过程中很有帮助。
search v. &n. 查找－in search of 寻找
search的宾语是“搜”的对象，而 search for 的宾语是“找”的对象。
33． unusual adj. 特别的；不寻常的
例句：The mother raised her children in an unusual way.
这位母亲以一种不寻常的方式抚养她的孩子们。
＊语法归纳★
现在进行时的被动语态
被动语态是由“be+及物动词的过去分词”构成的，be本身无词义，但有时态，人称和数的变化，其变化与时态中的变化一致。
一、构成：am/is/are being+及物动词的过去分词
二、用法：①表示此刻正被进行的动作
②表示现阶段正被进行的动作
③按计划、安排将要进行的某个被动动作
三、＂be+under/in/on+n. "结构可以表示现在进行时的被动语态的含义
四、用一般现在时的被动语态表示“正在进行”
1. 现在进行时的被动语态的构成
现在进行时的被动结构是＂am/is/are being+及物动调的过去分词”， 其句式结构如下，以ask为例。
育定句 否定句 一般疑问向
I am being asked. . . I am not being asked. . . Am I being asked. . .
He/She/lt is being asked... He/She/lt is not being asked. . . Is he/she/it being asked. . .
We/You/They are being asked. . We You/They are not being asked... Are we/you/they being asked. .
链接高考
My washing machine （repair) this week,so I have to wash my clothes by hand.
A lot of research is being conducted in this area. 这个地区正在进行许多研究。
What measures are being taken to help the endangered animals
正在采取什么措施来帮助那些溯危的动物？
The report isn't being written now. 现在没有在写报告。
2. 现在进行时的被动语态的用法
(1) 现在进行时的被动语态既可表示此刻正被进行的动作，也可表示现阶段正被进行的动作，但该动作不一定正在发生。
She is being examined by the doctor now. 现在医生正在给地做检查。
Many people feel their lives are being ruined by mobile phones.
许多人觉得他们的生活正在被手机毁掉。
（2) 少数及物动词的现在进行时的被动语态表示按计划、安排将要进行的某个被动动作。
A party is being held tonight. 今晓将要举办一场晚会。
（3) "be+under/in/on+n. ”结构可以表示现在进行时的被动语态的含义。
The problem is under discussion now. =The problem is being discussed now.
问题正在被讨论。
The telephone is in use. =The telephone is being used. 电话正被使用。
Many new cars are on show. =Many new cars are being showed.
许多新车正在被展出。
（4) 有些表状态，心理活动、情感等的动词，常用一般现在时的被动语态表示“正在被进行”。
You are wanted on the phone. 有你的电话。
（提醒）“动调＋介调／副词“型、“动词＋副词＋介词＂型动词短语变被动语态可以将其视为整体看待，
注意其中的介词或副词不可拆分或漏掉。
His request was turned down by his boss.
他的要求遭到了老板的拒绝。

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