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★八年级英语（外研版2024）上册Unit 2 Understanding ideas 习题
单词拼写。
根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成单词。
Mutual trust is the key to building a strong friendship b________.
She felt e________ when she realized she had made a mistake in front of the whole class.
We should have p________ when teaching little kids to do things.
His ________（自私的）behavior made him lose many good friends.
It's important to ________（沟通）with your parents regularly.
The two countries reached a ________（妥协）after long negotiations.
Spreading ________（八卦）about others is not a good habit.
Kindness and ________（宽容）can help reduce conflicts.
He had a ________（分歧）with his brother about the holiday plan.
The little girl felt ________（孤独的）after her best friend moved away.
二、英汉短语互译。
道歉 ________
误解某人 ________
互相尊重 ________
和解 ________
对…… 敏感 ________
build trust ________
look away ________
resolve a conflict ________
be frank with sb. ________
generation gap ________
三、单项选择。
从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳答案。
You should ________ to her for being so rude yesterday.
A. apologize B. forgive C. blame D. praise
They finally ________ their differences and became good friends again.
A. ignored B. resolved C. betrayed D. resented
Don't be too ________ about small mistakes—everyone makes them.
A. judgmental B. generous C. humble D. mature
The ________ between the two brothers grew after they had a big quarrel.
A. bond B. distance C. empathy D. willingness
—Why didn't you talk to her
—I was too shy and didn't know how to ________ a conversation.
A. end B. avoid C. start D. stop
四、句型转换。
按要求改写下列句子，每空一词。
He didn't realize his mistake until his teacher told him.（改为同义句）
He realized his mistake ________ his teacher told him.
My mother advised me to talk with my friend.（改为被动语态）
I ________ ________ to talk with my friend by my mother.
It's important to respect others.（改为感叹句）
________ ________ it is to respect others!
She felt lonely because she had no friends here.（对划线部分提问）
________ ________ she feel lonely
We should help each other.（改为一般疑问句）
________ we ________ each other
五、阅读理解。
阅读下列短文，从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳答案。
Friendship is one of the most important relationships in our life. But building and keeping friendship isn't always easy. Here are some tips for you.
First, be honest with your friends. Honesty is the foundation of any good relationship. If you lie to your friends, you will lose their trust easily. Second, show empathy. Try to understand your friends' feelings and put yourself in their shoes. When they are in trouble, listen to them carefully and offer help. Third, respect their differences. Everyone has their own opinions and habits. You don't have to agree with everything they say or do, but you should respect them. Fourth, communicate openly. If you have any disagreement with your friends, talk to them directly instead of keeping silent. This can help avoid misunderstandings.
Remember, a good friendship needs both sides to take care of it. With these tips, you can have stronger and longer friendships.
1.What is the foundation of a good friendship according to the passage
A. Empathy B. Honesty C. Respect D. Communication
2.What does the underlined phrase "put yourself in their shoes" mean
A. Wear their shoes B. Buy shoes for them
C. Understand their feelings D. Help them with shoes
3.What should you do if you disagree with your friends
A. Keep silent B. Argue with them
C. Talk to them directly D. Ignore them
4.How many tips are mentioned in the passage
A. Three B. Four C. Five D. Six
5.What is the main idea of the passage
A. The importance of friendship
B. How to build and keep friendship
C. The differences between friends
D. How to communicate with friends
六、七选五。
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Having a fight with your best friend is never a good feeling. But it's not the end of the world. Here are some ways to fix the friendship after a fight.
1. First, you need to calm down. When you're angry, you might say or do things that you'll regret later. Take a deep breath and wait until you both feel calm.
2. Think about what happened. What did you do wrong What did your friend do wrong Try to see the problem from your friend's point of view. This can help you understand each other better.
3. It's time to talk to your friend. Choose a quiet place where you won't be disturbed. Start the conversation gently, like saying "I'm sorry for what I did" or "Can we talk about what happened "
4. When your friend is talking, listen carefully. Don't interrupt them or defend yourself immediately. Let them finish and share their feelings.
5. After talking, you both need to forgive each other. Holding grudges will only hurt your friendship. Promise to work together to avoid the same problem in the future.
A. Listen to your friend
B. Forgive and move on
C. Calm down first
D. Talk to your friend
E. Think about the problem
F. Ignore the problem
G. Blame your friend
参考答案
一、单词拼写
between
解析：句意为 “相互信任是建立牢固朋友关系的关键”，结合首字母 “b”，“between” 表示 “在…… 之间”，符合 “朋友关系间” 的语境，且 “friendship between（某人）” 是常用搭配。
embarrassed
解析：“在全班面前犯错” 会让人产生 “尴尬的” 感受，首字母 “e” 提示，“embarrassed”（形容词，修饰人）符合语境，注意区分 “embarrassing”（修饰事物）。
patience
解析：“教小孩做事” 需要 “耐心”，首字母 “p” 对应 “patience”（不可数名词，“耐心”），“have patience” 是固定搭配，意为 “有耐心”。
selfish
解析：汉语提示 “自私的”，对应形容词 “selfish”，用来修饰名词 “behavior”，符合 “自私行为导致失去朋友” 的逻辑。
communicate
解析：“沟通” 对应的动词是 “communicate”，“It's important to do sth.” 结构中，用动词原形，“communicate with sb.” 是固定短语，意为 “与某人沟通”。
compromise
解析：“妥协” 对应的名词是 “compromise”，“reach a compromise” 为固定搭配，意为 “达成妥协”，符合 “两国经谈判达成妥协” 的语境。
gossip
解析：“八卦” 对应的不可数名词是 “gossip”，“spreading gossip” 表示 “传播八卦”，是 Unit 2 中涉及 “人际交往负面行为” 的核心词汇。
forgiveness
解析：“宽容” 对应的名词是 “forgiveness”，与 “Kindness”（名词）并列，作主语，符合 “善良和宽容有助于减少冲突” 的语义。
disagreement
解析：“分歧” 对应的名词是 “disagreement”，“have a disagreement with sb. about sth.” 是固定搭配，意为 “就某事与某人有分歧”，契合 “关于假期计划与兄弟有分歧” 的语境。
lonely
解析：“孤独的”（强调主观感受）对应的形容词是 “lonely”，修饰主语 “The little girl”，区分 “alone”（客观上 “独自的”），符合 “朋友离开后感到孤独” 的情境。
二、英汉短语互译
apologize (to sb.)
解析：“道歉” 是动词短语，核心动词为 “apologize”，常用搭配 “apologize to sb. for sth.”，是 Unit 2 中 “修复人际关系” 的关键短语。
misunderstand sb.
解析：“误解” 对应动词 “misunderstand”，直接接宾语 “sb.”，“mis-” 为否定前缀，符合 “人际交往中认知偏差” 的主题。
respect each other
解析：“互相” 用 “each other”，“尊重” 为 “respect”，“respect each other” 是 “健康人际关系” 的核心表达，与 Unit 2 主题高度契合。
make up (with sb.)
解析：“和解” 常用短语 “make up”，“与某人和解” 需加 “with sb.”，如 “make up with a friend”，是 “修复友谊” 的常用表达。
be sensitive to...
解析：“对…… 敏感” 对应固定短语 “be sensitive to”，“sensitive” 为形容词，后接介词 “to”，体现 “人际交往中情绪感知” 的话题。
建立信任
解析：“build” 表示 “建立”，“trust” 为 “信任”（不可数名词），“build trust” 是 “维系友谊” 的基础，与 Unit 2 “mutual trust”（相互信任）呼应。
移开视线；看向别处
解析：“look away” 字面意为 “把目光移开”，引申为 “不与对方对视”，常出现在 “沟通时肢体语言” 的语境中，符合 Unit 2 “有效沟通” 的内容。
解决冲突
解析：“resolve” 表示 “解决（问题、冲突等）”，“conflict” 为 “冲突”，“resolve a conflict” 是 “处理人际关系矛盾” 的关键短语，贴合单元主题。
对某人坦诚
解析：“frank” 意为 “坦诚的”，“be frank with sb.” 表示 “毫无隐瞒地与某人交流”，是 “健康沟通” 的重要方式，与 Unit 2 “honesty”（诚实）主题一致。
代沟
解析：“generation” 为 “一代（人）”，“gap” 为 “差距、隔阂”，“generation gap” 是固定名词短语，指 “不同年龄段人群的认知差异”，属于 “人际关系拓展话题”。
三、单项选择
A. apologize
解析：句意为 “你应该为昨天的粗鲁向她______”。A “道歉”、B “原谅”、C “责怪”、D “表扬”。结合 “being so rude”（粗鲁的行为），需表达 “道歉” 的动作，“apologize to sb.” 符合语境，故选 A。
B. resolved
解析：句意为 “他们最终______分歧，重新成为好朋友”。A “忽视”、B “解决”、C “背叛”、D “怨恨”。“分歧（differences）” 需搭配 “解决”，“resolve differences” 是固定短语，且 “重新成为朋友” 暗示 “解决了分歧”，故选 B。
A. judgmental
解析：句意为 “不要对小错误太______—— 每个人都会犯错”。A“动辄批评的；主观判断的”、B “慷慨的”、C “谦逊的”、D “成熟的”。“对错误不宽容” 即 “动辄批评”，“judgmental” 符合语义，其他选项与 “每个人都会犯错” 的逻辑矛盾，故选 A。
B. distance
解析：句意为 “大吵一架后，两兄弟之间的______加深了”。A “联系”、B“距离；隔阂”、C “共情”、D “意愿”。“吵架” 会导致关系 “疏远”，“distance” 在此处指 “心理隔阂”，符合语境，其他选项与 “吵架” 的结果相反，故选 B。
C. start
解析：句意为 “—— 你为什么不跟她说话？—— 我太害羞，不知道如何______对话”。A “结束”、B “避免”、C “开始”、D “停止”。“害羞” 导致无法 “开启” 对话，“start a conversation” 是固定搭配，与 “didn't talk to her” 呼应，故选 C。
四、句型转换
only when
解析：原句 “not...until...”（直到…… 才……），同义转换可用 “only when”（只有当…… 时），“only when” 引导时间状语从句，符合 “直到老师告诉他才意识到错误” 的语义，注意 “only when” 引导从句时，主句无需倒装（此处主句为主谓宾结构，不倒装）。
was advised
解析：原句为主动语态，主语 “my mother”，谓语 “advised”，宾语 “me”。改为被动语态时，宾语 “me” 变为主语 “I”，谓语用 “be + 过去分词”，时态为一般过去时，故 “was advised”，符合被动语态 “主语 + be done + by 宾语” 的结构。
How important
解析：原句为 “it's + 形容词 + to do sth.” 结构，改为感叹句时，对形容词 “important” 感叹，用 “How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语！”，即 “How important it is to respect others!”，符合感叹句语法规则。
Why did
解析：划线部分 “because she had no friends here” 是原因状语从句，对原因提问用 “why”，原句时态为一般过去时，谓语 “felt” 是实义动词，故助动词用 “did”，结构为 “Why + did + 主语 + 动词原形？”，即 “Why did she feel lonely ”。
Should; help
解析：原句为含情态动词 “should” 的陈述句，改为一般疑问句时，将 “should” 提前至句首，谓语动词用原形 “help”，结构为 “Should + 主语 + 动词原形？”，符合情态动词一般疑问句的语法规则。
五、阅读理解
B. Honesty
解析：根据短文第二段 “First, be honest with your friends. Honesty is the foundation of any good relationship.”（首先，对朋友诚实。诚实是任何良好关系的基础），明确提到 “诚实是友谊的基础”，故选 B。
C. Understand their feelings
解析：划线短语 “put yourself in their shoes” 前一句提到 “Try to understand your friends' feelings”（努力理解朋友的感受），可知该短语与 “理解感受” 同义，并非字面 “穿他们的鞋”，故选 C。
C. Talk to them directly
解析：根据短文第二段 “Fourth, communicate openly. If you have any disagreement with your friends, talk to them directly instead of keeping silent.”（第四，坦诚沟通。若与朋友有分歧，直接交谈而非保持沉默），明确建议 “直接交谈”，故选 C。
B. Four
解析：短文第二段以 “First... Second... Third... Fourth...”（第一…… 第二…… 第三…… 第四……）列举了 4 条建议，分别是 “诚实”“共情”“尊重差异”“坦诚沟通”，故选 B。
B. How to build and keep friendship
解析：短文首句 “Friendship is one of the most important relationships in our life. But building and keeping friendship isn't always easy. Here are some tips for you.”（友谊是生活中最重要的关系之一，但建立和维系友谊并不容易，以下是一些建议），点明主题是 “如何建立和维系友谊”，后续内容均围绕 “建议” 展开，故选 B。
六、七选五
C. Calm down first
解析：空后内容 “First, you need to calm down. When you're angry... Take a deep breath and wait until you both feel calm.”（首先，你需要冷静。生气时…… 深呼吸，直到双方都冷静下来），核心是 “冷静”，与选项 C “先冷静下来” 完全匹配，故选 C。
E. Think about the problem
解析：空后内容 “Think about what happened. What did you do wrong What did your friend do wrong Try to see the problem from your friend's point of view.”（思考发生了什么。你错在哪里？朋友错在哪里？尝试从朋友的角度看问题），核心是 “思考问题”，与选项 E “思考问题” 一致，故选 E。
D. Talk to your friend
解析：空后内容 “It's time to talk to your friend. Choose a quiet place... Start the conversation gently...”（是时候和朋友谈谈了。选一个安静的地方…… 温和地开启对话），核心是 “与朋友交谈”，与选项 D “和朋友交谈” 匹配，故选 D。
A. Listen to your friend
解析：空后内容 “When your friend is talking, listen carefully. Don't interrupt them... Let them finish and share their feelings.”（朋友说话时，认真倾听。不要打断…… 让他们说完并分享感受），核心是 “倾听朋友”，与选项 A “倾听朋友” 一致，故选 A。
B. Forgive and move on
解析：空后内容 “After talking, you both need to forgive each other. Holding grudges will only hurt your friendship. Promise to work together to avoid the same problem...”（交谈后，双方需要互相原谅。记仇只会伤害友谊。承诺共同努力避免同样的问题），核心是 “原谅并继续前进”，与选项 B “原谅并继续前进” 匹配，故选 B。

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