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Unit 6 Earth and Beyond
Wrapping Up the Topic:
Project & Review
(Making a fact file about a planet)
准确认读、理解与行星、宇宙探索相关的词汇，描述天体特征的表达结构；能运用所学词汇和句式，完成行星资料卡（fact file）的填写、介绍。
了解哥白尼等科学家对宇宙认知发展的贡献，感受人类探索宇宙的历史进程与科学精神，理解科学发现对人类认知世界的推动作用。
能自主运用听力、阅读策略获取知识，通过复述、填空、问答等练习巩固学习，逐步提升自主学习与知识迁移能力。
1. Mercury, the closest planet to the Sun, has a ________ of around 4,880 kilometers, which makes it only a little larger than the Moon.
2. , the surface temperature of Mercury can reach 427℃ during the day and drop to -173℃ at night, due to its lack of a thick atmosphere to retain heat.
从方框中选择合适的词汇，使用其正确形式完成句子，每个词汇只能使用一次。
diameter on average in common because of
diameter
On average
3. Mercury and the Moon have something . They both have numerous craters（坑） on their surfaces.
4. its proximity（靠近） to the Sun, Mercury orbits（绕） the Sun much faster than other planets in the solar system, completing one revolution（旋转） in just about 88 Earth days.
in common
Because of
在古罗马神话中，墨丘利（Mercury）是众神的使者，也是商业、旅行和偷窃之神，他行动敏捷，快速穿梭于各地。
水星是太阳系中公转速度最快的行星， 基于这一特点，人们便用墨丘利的名字为它命名，在中文里，因它与五行中的 “水” 相对应，所以被称为水星，但实际上水星上并没有水 。
Do you know the origin of the name "Mercury"
How much do you know about Mercury
the smallest planet in the solar system
the closest planet to the Sun
Read the fact file of Mercury and introduce it to your partner.
Fact File of Mercury
Distance from the Sun:
about 58 million kilometers away from the Sun
Temperature:
very hot in the daytime and very cold at night
a diameter of around 4,880 kilometers — only a little larger than the Moon
Activity 1
Making a fact file about a planet
Project
Group work. Design a fact file for another planet in the solar system.
Activity 2
Fact File of ______________
Distance from the Sun:
_____________________
Size:
___________________
Temperature: ______________________________
Making a fact file about a planet
Project
Jupiter has a diameter of around 140,000 kilometers — about 11 times that of the Earth
The temperature on Jupiter is around minus 100℃, much colder than Earth. It’s very cold both at night and in the daytime.
It is about 778 million kilometers away from the Sun.
Group work. Design a fact file for another planet in the
solar system.
Activity 2
Making a fact file about a planet
Project
Activity 3
Fact File of ______________
Distance from the Sun:
_____________________
Size:
_____________________
Temperature: _____________________________
Making a fact file about a planet
Jupiter
diameter of about 140,000 kilometers, about 11 times that of the Earth
778 million kilometers away from the Sun
minus 100℃, very cold both at night and in the daytime.
Share your fact file in class. Put your fact files together to make a class fact file about the universe.
Project
Activity 1
Listen to the text and fill in the blanks, then retell
the life of Copernicus.
Nicolaus Copernicus:
He was born in Poland on _________ 19th, 1473.
He studied in Poland and later in _________.
Copernicus liked to watch the _________
Review
February
Italy
sky
His ideas:
The earth and other planets _________ around the sun.
The earth is not the center of the universe.
In _________, Copernicus published a book. About sixty years later, scientists proved his ideas ________
travel
1543
right
Activity 1
Review
Nicolaus Copernicus was born in Poland, on February 19th, 1473. Copernicus studied in Poland and later in Italy. He studied some subjects and then became an officer in a Roman church.In his spare time, Copernicus liked to watch the sky. He put forward many ideas about the solar system. For example, the earth and other planets travel around the sun.
Tapecsripts 听力原文
教堂
在空闲时间
提出
环绕
And the earth is not the center of the universe. At that time, people didn’t believe him. They thought Copernicus was crazy. Copernicus published his ideas in a book in 1543. But his book didn’t change people’s view about the universe. However, until about sixty years later, scientists proved his ideas right.
证明
宇宙
出版
Review
Tapecsripts 听力原文
Activity 1
Activity 2
hot close amazing member light
Read the text and fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words in the box.
A black hole is at the center of the Milky Way. It is one of the strangest and _____________things in the universe. Nothing around a black hole can run away, not even ___________.
Comets are ___________ of the solar system.They look like snowballs traveling around the sun. When comets are getting ___________ to the sun, they will become much ___________ and leave pieces of ice and rocks behind them. It is called a comet’s tail.
light
amazing
members
close
hotter
彗星轨迹
Review
Activity 3
Discuss the information and make sentences
Planet Average temperature Size Distance from
the Sun
Mercury higher large far
Venus the highest larger farther
Earth high the largest the farthest
Example:
The average temperature on Earth is high.
The average temperature on Mercury is higher than that on Earth.
The average temperature on Venus is the highest of the three planets.
Review
Pluto is a special planet. It travels around the Sun. It takes Pluto about 248 Earth years to go around the Sun. Clyde Tombaugh discovered Pluto in 1930. Pluto is about 40 times farther from the Sun than Earth. It has five small satellites (moons).
Activity 4
Read the text and answer the questions.
环绕
Review
40倍
To have a better look at the planet and its satellites, scientists sent a spaceship to fly close to it. The spaceship took many pictures. Scientists put the pictures together and learned more about Pluto. There is no air on the planet. It is so cold on the planet that air would freeze into something like snow. Without air, human beings can’t live on the planet.
卫星
飞船
人类
如此...以至于...
冻结成
Activity 4
Review
Read the text and answer the questions.
1. How long does it take Pluto to go around the Sun
2. Who discovered Pluto
3. How many satellites (moons) move around Pluto
Activity 4
248 Earth years.
Clyde Tombaugh.
Five.
Review
Read the text and answer the questions.
4. Why did scientists send a spaceship to fly close to Pluto
5. Can people live on Pluto Why or why not
Activity 4
To have a better look at the planet and its satellites.
No. Because there is no air on the planet.
Review
Read the text and answer the questions.
1. It takes Pluto about 248 Earth years to go around the Sun.
冥王星绕太阳运行一周大约需要 248 个地球年。
Sentences
“It takes + 主语 + 时间 + to do sth” 句型，“某人/某物做某事花费多长时间”，it 是形式主语，无实际意义，仅避免句子头重脚轻，真正主语是后面的to do sth；takes为谓语动词，表“花费”，
e.g. It takes me 30 minutes to walk to school.（我步行上学要花30分钟），其中“to walk to school”是真正主语。
2. It is so cold on the planet that air would freeze into something like snow.
这颗行星上冷得空气都会凝结成类似雪花的东西。
“It is + 形容词 + that 从句” ，属于英语中常用的“形式主语+真正主语”结构，用于突出形容词所描述的特征，同时避免句子头重脚轻。
it：形式主语，无实际语义，仅替代后面的“that 从句”，使句子结构更平衡；
is so cold：系表结构；
that air would freeze into something like snow：that 引导的结果状语从句。
e.g. It is obvious that Mercury has a much thinner atmosphere than Earth. 很明显，水星的大气层比地球稀薄得多。
-
Sentences
Sentences
此句型中“so + 形容词 + that 从句”是固定搭配，重点在于通过so强调形容词的程度，再用that 从句引出导致的具体结果，
e.g. The teacher spoke so quickly that I couldn’t understand her most of the time.
老师说得如此快，以至于我大部分时候都听不懂她的话。
单词 词性 释义
satellite n. 卫星
spaceship n. 飞船
Pluto n. 冥王星
freeze v. 冰冻；结冰
being n. 生物；存在
New words
New phrases
短语 释义
travel around 环绕
go around 环绕
freeze into 冻结成
close to 靠近
human beings 人类
根据括号内提示或单词提示，填入短语或单词的正确形式
Mercury, the smallest planet in the solar system, has long attracted scientists. In the past, astronomers often watched the sky in ______ (they) spare time, trying to record Mercury’s orbit and surface features. After years of observation, a famous astronomer ____________ a surprising guess: Mercury might have areas with frozen substances, even though it is close to the Sun.
put forward
their
in one’s spare time put forward freeze into satellites
To test this guess, modern scientists sent spaceships to Mercury. These spaceships detected that at Mercury’s poles, the temperature is so low that any water there would __________hard ice—this is because the poles are always in shadow and never get sunlight. What’s more, the spaceships also found that Mercury has three tiny ________ (satellite), which orbit the planet slowly and help scientists learn more about its gravity.
freeze into
satellites
1. 准确认读、理解行星及宇宙探索相关词汇，掌握描述天体特征的表达结构
2. 了解哥白尼的生平，感受人类探索宇宙的科学精神，认识科学发现对认知世界的推动作用。
3. 能完成行星资料卡（fact file）的填写与介绍，开展小组合作设计其他行星资料卡。
1. To make a fact file of a planet and introduce it to classmates or family members.
2. Finish the exercises.

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