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Unit 6 Earth and Beyond
Developing the Topic:
Reading for Writing
(Earth and its neighbors)
能准确提取文本中地球与火星等关键信息，对比描述行星特征，撰写对比短文；
通过文本阅读提取信息、模仿写作与自评互评，进行阅读输入 - 语言模仿 - 写作输出;
了解体会人类对宇宙的探索精神，理解科学探索对认知宇宙的价值，树立科学探索的意识。
How much do you remember about Mars Let’s do a quick ask and answer.
How many small moons can we see at night on Mars
What do we need to produce on Mars
How many hours a day in Mars
Air
25
Two
Color the Sun, Earth and Mars. Talk about Earth’s other neighbors you know.
Activity 1
Earth and its neighbors
Activity 2
Read the text about Earth and Mars and complete the table.
Earth and Its Neighbor—Mars
Is there any life in outer space We may think of the same planet—Mars.
Mars is smaller than Earth. It has a diameter of around 6,800 kilometers
and Earth’s diameter is around 13,000 kilometers. Mars looks red
because of its red soil, while most parts of Earth look blue because of its
oceans. As a neighbor planet, Mars is farther from the Sun than Earth.
Earth and its neighbors
直径
由于；因为
Mars is about 228 million kilometers away from the Sun, while Earth is about 150 million kilometers away. That is why Mars is colder than Earth. The temperature on Mars is about minus 63℃; here on Earth, the temperature is about 14℃ on average. Although the two planets have many differences, they have something in common—water. On Mars, there’s a lot of ice under the ground; On Earth, we have water both on and under the ground.
Mars is waiting for us to explore, and so is the universe.
Earth and its neighbors
Activity 2
离......远；远离
平均
有共同点
许多
宇宙也是如此
Activity 2
Planet Diameter Distance from the Sun Average temperature Water
Earth and its neighbors
Read the text about Earth and Mars and complete the table.
13,000 kilometers
68,00 kilometers
150 million
kilometers
228 million
kilometers
about 14℃
minus 63℃
both on and under the ground
under the ground
Mars
Earth
1. diameter n. 直径
原文：“It has a diameter of around 6,800 kilometers” 它直径约6800千米。
用法：指物体的 “直径” ，结构常用 “a diameter of + 数字”
e.g. The coin has a diameter of 2 centimeters. 这个硬币有两厘米长。
类似用法：a+length/width/height/depth/thickness + of + 数值 / 单位，
意为 长度/宽度 / 高度 / 深度 / 厚度为……。
2. on average 平均
用法：表示 “平均；通常” ，常位于句首、句中或句末。
e.g. On average, students spend 2 hours on homework daily.
学生们平均每天花2小时在家庭作业上。
The temperature in this city is on average 25℃ in July.
这座城市七月份的平均气温是 25 摄氏度。
The monthly rainfall in this area is about 80 millimeters on average.
这个地区的月降雨量平均约为80毫米。
3. in common 有共同点
常用结构：have...in common
常用短语：have a lot/much in common 有很多共同之处
have little/nothing in common 几乎没有/毫无共同之处
e.g. My best friend and I have a lot in common—we even like the same movies.
我和挚友有很多共同点，连喜欢的电影都一样。
Though they’re siblings, they have nothing in common in terms of personality.
虽然是兄妹，但他们性格毫无共同点。
4. because of 因为；由于
Mars looks red because of its red soil. 火星因红色土壤而看起来是红色。
区分：because 和 because of
because of 是介词短语，后接名词、代词或名词短语，说明原因；because是连词，后接完整的句子，即原因状语从句，说明原因。
e.g. She stayed at home because she had a bad cold and couldn’t go out.
因为她得了重感冒，所以她待在家里没法出门。
The sports meeting was canceled because of the heavy rain this morning.
今天早上的运动会因为大雨取消了。
5. although 意为“虽然；尽管”，
1）引导让步状语从句：although后接完整的句子，可放在句首或句中
e.g. Although it rained heavily, we still went hiking.
尽管雨下得很大，我们还是去徒步了。
We still went hiking, although it rained heavily.
我们还是去徒步了，尽管雨下得很大。
2）时态一致原则：若主句用一般现在时，从句也常用一般现在时；若主句用过去时，从句也需对应过去时态。
e.g. Although he lives far from the office, he arrives on time every day.
虽然他住得离办公室远，但他每天都准时到岗。
e.g. Although he was tired, he finished his homework.
尽管他很累，还是完成了作业。
6. Mars is waiting for us to explore, and so is the universe.
“so + 谓语动词 + 主语”是倒装结构，表示前者适用的情况，后者也适用，且需与前句谓语动词保持一致，常见用法：so + be 动词 / 助动词 / 情态动词 + 主语。
e.g. My brother likes playing basketball. So does my sister.（助动词）
我哥哥喜欢打篮球，我妹妹也喜欢。
Li Ming can speak English well. So can his brother.（情态动词）
李明英语说得很好，他弟弟也是。
Draw a table to compare two planets, and then draft your essay.
The phrases and sentence patterns may help you.
Useful phrases
Useful sentence patterns
because of ...
away from ...
on average
in common
It has a diameter of around ...
That is why ...
There is a lot of ...
... is waiting for us to explore, and so is ...
Activity 3
Earth and its neighbors
Venus and Saturn
Among the eight planets in the solar system, Venus and Saturn have some unique features in different ways.
Venus and Saturn are very different in their distance from the Sun. Venus is close to the Sun, so its daytime temperature can reach up to 465℃—even metals may melt! But Saturn is far away from the Sun. Its surface is as cold as -140℃, and there is cold gas all around it.
范文赏析
Their structures are different too. Venus is covered with carbon dioxide and it is the hottest planet in the solar system. Saturn has a special feature: its beautiful rings. The rings are made of ice and rock pieces, and they shine in space.
Besides, both Venus and Saturn have many mysteries waiting for us to explore. With better technology, we will find out more of their secrets soon.
范文赏析
Beginning
Distance
Structure
Venus and Saturn are very different in their distance from the Sun
Their structures are different too.
Body
Ending
Both Venus and Saturn have many mysteries waiting for us to explore.
Venus and Saturn have some unique features in different ways.
Body
be covered with 被......覆盖
carbon dioxide 二氧化碳
be made of... 由......组成
Their structures are different too. Venus is covered with carbon dioxide and it is the hottest planet in the solar system. Saturn has a special feature: its beautiful rings. The rings are made of ice and small rock pieces, and they shine in space.
Venus and Saturn are very different in their distance from the Sun. Venus is close to the Sun, so its daytime temperature can reach up to 465℃—even metals may melt! But Saturn is far away from the Sun. Its surface is as cold as -140℃, and there is cold gas all around it.
Body
be different in... 在.......不同
reach up to 达到
be close to... 靠近......
阅读短文，用 “because of...”“away from...”“on average”“in common” 填空。
Earth and Mars
Earth and Mars are two planets in our solar system. They have some things 1. — both are “terrestrial planets” (类地行星) and have solid surfaces. Mars is a planet 2. red soil, so it looks red from space. In terms of distance from the Sun, Mars is about 228 million kilometers 3. the Sun, while Earth is about 150 million kilometers away. 4. , the temperature on Earth is around 14℃, which is much warmer than Mars’ very low temperature of about -63℃.
in common
because of
away from
On average
We learn:
some phrases : make sure, on average, a diameter of, have something in common...
some sentences: Although the two planets have many differences, they have something in common—water.
We can:
compare and describe the characteristics of planets, and write a comparison essay.
1. Make your final draft in your exercise book.
2.Review vocabulary and phrases related to this lesson.
3.Finish the exercises.
Thank you!

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