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7A第三单元知识过关第3讲--语法精讲精炼
一、核心语法复习清单
（一）人称代词（主格与宾格）
1. 分类与功能
人称 主格（作主语，放句首） 宾格（作宾语，放动词/介词后）
第一人称单数 I me
第二人称单数 you you
第三人称单数 he/she/it him/her/it
第一人称复数 we us
第二人称复数 you you
第三人称复数 they them
常见用法场景
主格：用于句首作主语（如 He is my classmate.）
宾格：用于动词后（如 I like her .）或介词后（如 Buy a gift for him .）
（二）一般现在时
1. 动词形式规则
主语为第一 / 二人称（I/you/we/they）及复数名词时，用动词原形（如 play, teach, have）。
主语为第三人称单数（he/she/it/ 单数名词）时，动词需变三单形式：
一般加 - s（如 like→likes, play→plays）；
以 s/x/sh/ch/o 结尾加 - es（如 teach→teaches, do→does）；
以辅音 + y 结尾变 y 为 i 加 - es（如 study→studies）。
2. 一般疑问句与否定句构成
句子类型
句子类型 be动词（am/is/are） 实义动词（play/teach/have）
一般疑问句 Be 动词提前（如 Is he... ） Do/Does 提前（Does she... ），动词用原形
否定句 be+not（如 He isn't...） don't/doesn't + 动词原形（如 She doesn't...）
（三）There be 句型
1. 基本结构
单数 / 不可数名词：There is + 名词（如 There is a library.）
复数名词：There are + 名词（如 There are some desks.）
2. 句式转换
单复数转换：There is a book. → There are some books.
否定句：There is not（isn't）/There are not（aren't）（如 There isn't a gym.）
（四）语法相关同义句转换
1. 常见转换结构
“某人是某学科老师” 与 “某人教某学科”：Mr Zhang is our Maths teacher. → Mr Zhang teaches us Maths.
“最喜欢的地方” 与 “最喜爱某物”：My favourite place is the lab. → I like the lab best.
“也有”：Our school has a dining hall too. → Our school has a dining hall as well.
“感谢”：Thanks for your email. → Thank you for your email.
（五）简单介词用法
1. 时间介词
in：接上午 / 下午 / 晚上（in the morning）、月份 / 季节（in October）；
at：接具体时间点（at 8 o'clock）、固定搭配（at school）；
2. 地点介词
in：接大地点 / 封闭空间（in the classroom, in the library）；
on：接表面（on the desk, on the playground）；
3. 伴随介词
with：表示 “和…… 一起”（play with friends, chat with teachers）。
二、语法配套练习
（一）人称代词填空（主格 / 宾格）（每空 1 分，共 10 分）
1. —Who is the girl in red —______ is my sister. I often play with ______.
2. My parents are kind. ______ always help ______ with my homework.
3. This is our new teacher. ______ teaches ______ English. We all like ______.
4. The cat is cute. ______ likes fish. I give ______ fish every day.
5. Tom and I are classmates. ______ go to school together. Teachers often praise ______.
（二）一般现在时专项（每空 1 分，共 10 分）
1. 用括号内动词的正确形式填空
Lucy ______（like）reading. She ______（read）a storybook every evening.
My father ______（not watch）TV on weekdays. He ______（work）late.
The school ______（have）a sports meeting every autumn.
2. 将下列句子改为一般疑问句并作回答
He plays football in the school team.
疑问句：________________________ 肯定回答：________________________
They have a computer room.
疑问句：________________________ 否定回答：________________________
（三）There be 句型转换（每空 1 分，共 8 分）
1. 根据中文提示完成句子
图书馆里有一些书架。______ ______ some bookshelves in the library.
教室里没有一台电脑。______ ______ ______ computer in the classroom.
2. 句型转换
There is a swimming pool in our school.（改为复数句）
There are many green spaces in the park.（改为一般疑问句）
（四）同义句转换（每句 2 分，共 10 分）
1. Thanks for your help.（改为同义句）
2. Ms Wang is our Chinese teacher.（改为同义句）
3. I like the music room best.（改为同义句）
4. Our school has a gym too.（改为同义句）
5. He is in the school chess club.（改为同义句，用 “join”）
（五）单项选择（综合语法）（每小题 2 分，共 10 分）
( ) 1. —______ is your new friend —______ is a student from Canada.
He; He B. Who; He C. She; Her D. Who; Him
( ) 2. My brother ______ to school by bike every day, but today he ______ by bus.
go; go B. goes; goes C. goes; is going D. go; goes
( ) 3. ______ there a dining hall in your school
—Yes, there ______.
Is; is B. Are; are C. Do; do D. Does; does
( ) 4. My mother often buys fruit for . ______ like apples best.
A. me; I B. I; Me C. my; I D. me; My
( ) 5. — your sister ______ English —Yes, she does.
A. Do; like B. Does; likes C. Does; like D. Do; likes
三、练习答案
（一）人称代词填空
1. She; her 2. They; me 3. He/She; us; him/her 4. It; it 5. We; us
（二）一般现在时专项
1. likes; reads; doesn't watch; works; has
2. Does he play football in the school team ; Yes, he does.
Do they have a computer room ; No, they don't.
（三）There be 句型转换
1. There are; There isn't a
2. There are some swimming pools in our school.
Are there many green spaces in the park
（四）同义句转换
1. Thank you for your help.
2. Ms Wang teaches us Chinese.
3. My favourite place is the music room.
4. Our school has a gym as well.
5. He joins the school chess club.
（五）单项选择
1. B 2. C 3. A 4. A 5. C

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