资源简介

(共22张PPT)
Reading for Writing
Evaluate chemical farming
and organic farming
To understand the differences between chemical and organic farming and their advantages and disadvantages;
To learn about the author's writing techniques;
To write an essay to express your views on chemical farming or organic farming.
1.What does the farmer do in the field
Spray pesticides.
2.Why does he do that
To fight crop disease
and increase production.
3.What else may farmer do to make crops grow Use fertilisers.
artificial fertilisers
natural
fertilisers
Lead-in
Organic Farming
Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals.
Lead-in
B
Now, which one do you prefer
A
Why
1. in my eyes/ in my opinion/from my point of view
My view/ opinion is that ...
2. I'd prefer ...
I'd rather ...
chemical farming
organic farming
Lead-in
1. What is the text about
Chemical farming
Organic farming
(definition, benefit , problem... )
pictures
title
2. What type of writing is it
A. Narration(记叙文)
B. Expository(说明文)
C. Argumentation(议论文)
Prediction
Read for main idea
What's the main idea of the text
The text mainly talks about chemical farming and organic farming. ________________ can cause many problems, as an alternative, some people switch to ________________.
Chemical farming
organic farming
Skimming
Choose the main ideas (A-D)below with the paragraphs.
A What organic farming is
B Why man-made chemicals are still used in farming
C Organic methods for producing rich soil
D The problems with chemical farming
D The problems with chemical farming
A What organic farming is
C Organic methods for producing rich soil
B Why man-made chemicals are still used in farming
Text type:
Argumentation
Skimming
Chemical pesticides and artificial fertilizers have been in widespread use in farming since the middle of the 20th century. When they were first introduced, many farmers welcomed them as a great way to fight crop disease and increase production. Over time, however, what some scientists have found is that their long-term use can sometimes harm both the land and people’s health.
For example, pesticides can damage the land by killing not only harmful bacteria and insects, but also helpful ones. In addition, these chemicals can stay in the soil and underground water sources for a long time. This affects the crops grown on the land and, in turn, the animals and humans who digest them. In fact, some pesticides like DDT have been prohibited in most countries because of the damage they cause to people and the environment. As for chemical fertilizers, crops grown with them usually grow too fast to be rich in nutrition. They may look beautiful on the outside, but inside there is usually more water than essential minerals, and they often have less flavor as well.
Read part 1(para 1-2) and answer the questions.
Q1: Why did many farmers welcome chemical farming
Q2: What concerns many people about the long use of pesticides
Q3: What role does the sentence in yellow play in part 1
topic sentence
Q4: What are the problems with chemical farming
①
②
③
Q5: How does the author organize the ideas
Point 1+details
Point 2+details
Point 3+details
Detailed-reading
Chemical pesticides and artificial fertilizers have been in widespread use in farming since the middle of the 20th century. When they were first introduced, many farmers welcomed them as a great way to fight crop disease and increase production. Over time, however, what some scientists have found is that their long-term use can sometimes harm both the land and people’s health.
For example, pesticides can damage the land by killing not only harmful bacteria and insects, but also helpful ones. In addition, these chemicals can stay in the soil and underground water sources for a long time. This affects the crops grown on the land and, in turn, the animals and humans who digest them. In fact, some pesticides like DDT have been prohibited in most countries because of the damage they cause to people and the environment. As for chemical fertilizers, crops grown with them usually grow too fast to be rich in nutrition. They may look beautiful on the outside, but inside there is usually more water than essential minerals, and they often have less flavor as well.
Read part 1(para 1-2) and answer the questions.
Q1: Why did many farmers welcome chemical farming
Q2: What concerns many people about the long use of pesticides
Q3: What role does the sentence in yellow play in part 1
Q4: What are the problems with chemical farming
①
②
③
Q6: What signposts are used
contrast
example
cause and effect,
sequence
emphasis
contrast
add information
introducing a new topic/thing
Detailed-reading
Read part 2(para 3) and answer the questions.
As an alternative, some farmers have switched to organic farming, and many customers have turned to organic food when they shop at the local grocery. Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals. Organic farmers focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease through natural means. For example, many organic farmers use natural waste from animals as fertilizer. This makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals. It also keeps the air, soil, water and crops free of chemicals.
Q1: What is used as organic fertiliser from the paragraph
Q2: What are the advantages of using organic fertiliser
Q3: What signposts are used
①
②
introducing a new idea
example
add information
Detailed-reading
Read for writing useful expressions
_________________ (作为一种替代方法), some farmers have switched to _____________ (有机耕作), and many customers have turned to __________ (有机食品) when they shop at the local grocery. Organic farming is simply farming _________________ __________ (不使用任何化学品). Organic farmers focus on _____________________________________________________ (通过天然的方法保持土壤肥沃，没有病害). For example, many organic farmers use natural waste from animals as fertilizer. This _____________________________________ (使农田土壤富含矿物质). It also keeps the air, soil, water, and crops free of chemicals.
As an alternative
organic farming
organic food
without using any
keeping their soil rich and free of disease through natural means
makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals
Para 3
chemicals
Read part 3(para 4) and answer the questions.
Q1: What other methods did farmers use to produce rich oil
Q2: Why did farmers use different organic farming methods
Q3: How does the author organize the ideas What signposts are used
Organic farmers also use many other methods to produce rich soil. They often change the kind of crop grown in each field every year. For instance, they may grow corn or wheat in a field one year, and then grow beans there the next. Why different crops are grown is that they put important minerals back into the ground, making it ready for the next batch of crops. Organic farmers also plant diverse crops that use different depths of soil to help keep it rich. For example, peanuts grow on the ground’s surface, but many other vegetables put down deep roots. The goal of using different organic farming methods is to grow good food while avoiding damage to the environment or to people’s health.
add information
example/supporting a point
Detailed-reading
Read for writing 1 (useful expressions)
Organic farmers also use many other methods to produce rich soil. They often _____________________________________________ (每年更换每块农田种植的作物种类). For instance, they may grow corn or wheat in a field one year, and then grow beans there the next. Why different crops are grown is because they put important minerals back into the ground, making it ready for the next batch of crops. Organic farmers also __________________________________
____________ (种植土壤深度要求不同的多样化作物) to help keep it rich. For example, peanuts grow on the ground’s surface, but many other vegetables put down deep roots. The goal of using different organic farming methods is to _______________________________________________________________
(生产优质食物，同时避免损害环境和人类健康).
change the kind of crop grown in each field every year
plant diverse crops that use different
grow good food while avoiding damage to the environment or to people’s health.
depths of soil
Detailed-reading
Read for writing useful expressions
Some people would prefer to stop the use of man-made chemicals in agriculture entirely. What keeps them from doing so is the fact that chemical farming ____________________________________________
(满足了全世界对事物的高要求). Organic farming is nowhere near able to meet that need. Therefore, _____________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
(想要找到一个合适的解决方案，使人类和环境尽可能保持健康，又让人们有足够的食物可吃，还有很长的路要走).
serves the high demand for food around the world
suitable solution that puts sufficient food on the dinner table while keeping people and the environment as healthy as possible.
Para 5
there is still a long way to find a
Why man-made chemicals are still used in farming
Para 5
Ending
Beginning
Body
An argumentative essay
Topic sentence:
In my opinion, ________farming is preferable to _______ farming because____________.
Argument 1 (Topic sentence) +detail:
Point 1: To begin with, ______________.(Detail)_______.
Point 2: What’s more, _______________.(Detail)_______.
Point 3: Finally,_______________.(Detail)_______.
Conclusion:
In closing, I am fully convinced that__________________.
Structure
近年来，媒体对“农业可持续发展” “食品安全”等问题作了一些报道，引发了许多讨论，化学种植和有机种植哪种有利于农业可持续发展并解决食品安全问题呢？请用英语写一篇议论文，表达自己的观点，并说明理由。
Writing Task
Farming advantage disadvantage
chemical farming
organic farming
List the advantages and disadvantages of each farming and think about other aspects that the author didn’t list.
fight crop disease effectively
increase production
keep the soil rich
keep the environment and crops free of chemicals
produce crops with much nutrition and flavor
harm the land, environment and
people’s health
produce crops with less nutrition and flavor
cannot meet the demand for food
more efforts and higher cost
lower cost
crops look beautiful outside
smelly gases
Brainstorm the details
Topic sentence: In my opinion, ___farming is preferable
to __ farming because______.
Point 1: ___________ Detail:_________________
Point 2: _____________ Detail:_________________
Point 3: ___________ Detail:__________________
Conclusion: __________________________________________
chemical farming VS organic farming
Writing
In my opinion, organic farming is preferable to chemical farming because of the benefits to the environment and to people, and because organic food is more nutritious.
To begin with, chemical farming harms the environment. Since chemical pesticides are not found in nature, normal natural processes cannot get rid of them. Instead, the chemicals tend to accumulate in the soil and water, and are absorbed in the food chain, where they poison wildlife and domestic animals.
This affects us directly, because we end up eating plants, dairy products, eggs, and meat that have high levels of pesticides. Think about it: The purpose of the pesticides is to kill "pests", that is, to kill insects. Something that can kill an insect probably is not healthy for person to eat. While it may be true that the food we eat does not have enough pesticide in it to kill us immediately, over the years this pesticide may cause us health problems or give us diseases such as cancer.
Finally, organic food is generally more nutritious than food grown with man-made chemicals. If you remember a few years ago, there was the case of watermelons literally(真地、确实) exploding in the fields because they had been given chemicals to make them grow faster. The reason why they exploded was that they contained too much water, because the farmers had used too many chemicals and the weather was unusually wet. As it turns out, such chemicals are commonly used in farming to grow larger crops more quickly. Do you really want to eat watered-down(打了折扣的) fruit and vegetables which have been rushed to market They cannot possibly taste as good as organic vegetables, nor can they be as nutritious.
In closing, I would like to suggest buying organic food. Yes, the price is a little higher, but the small price we pay extra will bring us huge rewards in the end.
Thanks!
Unit5

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