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Unit 2 Be sporty, be healthy
基础词汇通关
词汇 含义及拓展 词汇 含义及拓展
soccer n. <美>足球运动 tissue n. (人、动植物细胞的)组织;(尤指用作手帕的)纸巾,手巾纸
bat n. 蝙蝠;球棒,球板；vt. & vi. 用球棒(板)击球 athlete n. 运动员
skydiving n. 跳伞运动 boxing n. 拳击运动
congratulation n. [pl.]祝贺,恭喜;贺辞;恭贺；congratulations (to sb) on (doing) sth 祝贺(某人)(做)某事；congratulate vt. 祝贺 champion n. 冠军,第一名；【派】championship n. 锦标赛;冠军地位
lung n. 肺 court n. 球场;法院,法庭;宫廷
disease n. 病,疾病 gym n. 健身房,体育馆
routine n. 常规,惯例；adj. 常规的,例行的;乏味的；follow the routine 遵守常规 partner n. 搭档,同伴;伙伴;合伙人
muscle n. 肌肉,肌 crane n. 鹤
jogging n. 慢跑锻炼 rooster n. 雄鸡
skiing n. 滑雪(运动) inspiration n. 灵感;鼓舞人心的人(或事物)
pull-up n. 引体向上 master n. 大师,能手;主人；vt. 精通,掌握;控制
bone n. 骨头,骨 philosophy n. 哲学
gymnastics n. 体操,体操训练 unity n. 统一体,联合体,整体;团结一致,联合,统一
tai chi n. 太极拳,太极 diagram n. 简图,图解,图表,示意图
movement n. 活动,转动;移动;运动 stretch vt. & vi. 伸展,舒展;拉长;伸出;(使)延伸
petrol n. 汽油 prevent vt. 阻止,阻碍；prevent... (from) doing sth 阻止……做某事；【派】prevention n. 阻止;预防；preventable adj. 可预防的;可阻止的
carbohydrate n. 碳水化合物,糖类 maintain vt. 维持;维修,保养
energy n. 能,能量;精力;能源；【派】energetic adj. 精力充沛的 update vt. 使现代化,更新;向……提供最新信息；n. 最新消息；【派】updated adj. 更新的;现代化的；out-of-date adj. 过时的;陈腐的
protein n. 蛋白质
sweat n. 汗水；vt. & vi. 出汗,流汗；【派】sweaty adj. 被汗水湿透的
词汇 含义及拓展 词汇 含义及拓展
explore vt. & vi. 勘探,勘查；vt. 探究,探索；【派】exploration n. 探索；explorer n. 探险者;勘探者 backward(s) adv. 向后;朝反方向
imitate vt. 模仿;仿效；【派】imitation n. 赝品;模仿 throughout prep. 自始至终;各处,遍及；throughout the night 一整夜；throughout one's life 某人毕生;某人的一生中；throughout the country 遍及全国
ache vi. & n. 疼痛,隐痛 plus conj. 而且,此外；prep. 加;和
root vt. & vi. (使)生根；n. 根,根茎;根源,起因；be rooted in 起源于 do wonders 创造奇迹;产生神奇作用
immune adj. 有免疫力;不受影响的;免除的 over the long 长期
aerobic adj. 有氧的;需氧的 term
nearby adj. 附近的,邻近的；adv. 在附近,不远 put the finishing touches to 对……进行最后的润色或修饰
moreover adv. 此外,而且；【同】besides in response to 对……作出反应;作为对……的回复
nowadays adv. 现今,现在 under the weather 略有不适,不舒服
探究词汇 提高
assume
vt. 认为,假定,就(职),承担(责任);呈现,显露
释义：①to think or accept that sth is true but without having proof of it；②to take or begin to have power or responsibility；③to begin to have a particular quality or appearance
教材原句P16：Most people assume that regular exercise does wonders for the body and mind—but what exactly are its health benefits 大多数人认为定期锻炼对身心有奇效，但它对健康究竟有什么好处呢？
例句：Even assuming this to be in principle possible, it will not be achieved soon. 即使假定这在理论上行得通，它也不会很快实现。；
He will assume responsibility for new tasks next month. 他下个月将负责新任务。
常用搭配：
it is assumed that… 人们认为……
例句：It's generally assumed that reading enables us to acquire knowledge and broaden our horizons. 人们普遍认为阅读能让我们获得知识，拓宽视野。
联想词：
①assumption n. 假定;假设；
make assumptions about… 作关于……的推测；
on the assumption that…/make the assumption that… 假设……；
例句：My conclusion was based on the assumption that the new method could produce wonderful results. 我的结论是建立在新方法能产生奇妙结果的假设基础上的。
②assuming (that) conj. 假定;假设；
例句：Assuming that I settled the conflict, I would employ an entirely new way. 假设我解决了冲突，我会采用一种全新的方式。
tend
vi. 往往会;趋向
教材原句 P16：It has also been proven that active people tend to have better immune systems and are at lower risk of diseases. 事实也证明，积极运动的人往往会有更强大的免疫系统，患病的风险也较低。
常用搭配：
tend to do sth 易于做某事;往往会发生某事；
tend to/towards… 有……的趋势;倾向于……
例句：People tend to need less sleep as they get older. 随着年龄的增长，人们需要的睡眠往往会减少。
vt. & vi. 照料;护理
常用搭配：
tend (to) sb/sth 照料某人/某物
例句：Sofia was in the bedroom tending to her son. 索菲娅在卧室里照料她的儿子。[《朗文当代》]
联想词：
tendency n. 倾向;趋势；
a tendency to/towards ……的倾向；
have a tendency to do sth 有做某事的趋势/倾向
例句：This drug is effective but has a tendency to cause headaches. 这种药很有效，但可能会引起头疼。
reduce
vt. & vi. 减少;降低
教材原句 P16：Working out can help you reduce stress and get over negative feelings. 锻炼可以帮助你减轻压力并克服负面情绪。
常用搭配：
reduce sth by… 将某物减少……(by表示增减的程度或比率)；
reduce sth (from…) to… 将某物(从……)减少到……
例句：Costs have been reduced by 20% over the past year. 过去一年，成本支出已经减少了20%。；
The number of employees was reduced from 40 to 25. 雇员人数从40减少到了25。
近义词：decrease v. (使大小、数量等)减小,降低
反义词：increase v. (使)增长,增多,增加
熟词生义：reduce sb/sth (from sth) to (doing) sth 还可表示“使某人/某物陷入(更坏的)境地/沦落为……/陷入窘境”，常用于被动语态。
例句：He had to sell his house to pay his legal costs and was reduced to begging on the streets. 他不得不卖了房子来支付诉讼费，并沦落到沿街乞讨。
联想词：
reduction n. 缩小;降低
range
n. (变动或浮动的)范围,界限,区间;一系列
教材原句 P17：Flexibility training, including gymnastics and tai chi, helps stretch your muscles and improve your body's range of movement. 柔韧性训练，包括体操和太极拳，有助于伸展肌肉和扩大身体活动范围。
常用搭配：
a range of… 一系列……;各种……；
in/within range (of…) 在(……的)范围内；
out of/beyond range (of…) 超出(……的)范围；
beyond/out of one's range 某人能力达不到的;某人知识以外的
例句：The two countries will cooperate closely on a wider range of areas. 这两个国家将在更广泛的领域展开密切的合作。；
They said that particular issue had not been within range of the research. 他们称那个特殊的问题并不在研究的范围之内。
vi. 变化,变动;包括(各种不同的人或物)
常用搭配：
range from… to… 从……到……不等;在……到……范围之间变化;包括从……到……之间的人或事物；
range between… and… 在……到……之间变化
例句：Courses range from cookery to computing. 课程从烹饪到计算机技术，多种多样。
stick with
坚持,持续
教材原句P17：Above all, choose activities you enjoy because, in this way, you're more likely to stick with them. 最重要的是，选择你喜欢的活动，因为这样你更有可能坚持下去。
联想拓展：含有 stick 的其他常用短语
stick at 坚持不懈地做
stick to 遵守;坚持;继续使用
stick by 坚持忠于(某人);信守,贯彻(承诺、计划等)
stick out 突出;显眼
stick up 竖起;向上突起
average
n. 平均数;平均水平,一般水准
教材原句P17：In general, you should have your meal an average of 1.5 to 2.5 hours before exercising. 一般来说，你应该在锻炼前平均1.5到2.5小时吃饭。
例句：During this time, his average was more than 30 points a game. 在这期间，他每场比赛的平均得分超过30。
常用搭配：
the average of… ……的平均数；
above/below average 高于/低于平均水平；
on average 平均来看；
up to the average 达到平均水平
adj. 平均的;典型的;平常的;普通的;中等的
例句：If a student of average ability works hard, he may get a mark above average in every subject. 能力一般的学生如果努力学习，他可能会在每个科目中取得平均水平以上的成绩。
v. 平均为
例句：The airport averages about a thousand flights a month. 这个机场每月平均约有一千架次航班。
make up for
弥补,补偿
教材原句 P17：Remember to drink throughout exercise to make up for water lost to sweat. 记住运动时全程都要喝水，以弥补出汗所造成的水分流失。
易混辨析：make up(补上,补回)与 make up for(弥补,补偿)的用法区别
make up 表示弥补耽误了的事或补上、凑齐某事物；
make up for 表示用其他方式弥补、平衡(因过去某些原因而耽误的时间或对某人的亏欠)，所以不仅仅是“用某物去弥补某物”。
例句：Can I leave early from work this afternoon and make up the time tomorrow 我能今天下午早点儿下班，明天再把时间补上吗？；
The hard training at my college should make up for my lack of work experience. 我在大学所受过的艰苦训练应该可以弥补我工作经验的不足。
联想拓展：make up 的其他常用含义有：组成;编造;创作;布置,铺床;化妆;和好,和解
例句：Women make up 56% of the student numbers. 女性占学生人数的56%。
When I was a child, my mother often made up stories to amuse me. 当我还是个孩子的时候，我妈妈经常编故事逗我开心。
When you're the boss you can make up your own rules. 如果你是老板，你就可以自己制订规则。
We can make up a bed for you on the floor, if you don't mind. 要是你不介意，我们可以为你打个地铺。
They made him up as an old man for the last act of the play. 戏的最后一幕中他们把他扮成了一个老人。
They have quarrelled seriously three times but each time they have made up and become best friends again. 她们有三次吵得很厉害，但每次她们都言归于好，又成了最好的朋友。
injury
n. 伤害,损伤;损害
教材原句 P17：To prevent soft tissue injury, make sure that you wear proper clothes and equipment when exercising. 为了防止软组织损伤，运动时一定要穿合适的衣服、佩戴合适的设备。
常用搭配：
be an injury to… 伤害……;损害……；do sb an injury 伤害某人
联想词：
①injure vt. (尤指在事故中)伤害;损害(名誉等)；例句：He injured his left arm in a car accident. 在一次车祸中他的左臂受伤了。
②injured adj. 受伤的；get/be injured 受伤；the injured 伤者
equipment
n. [U]设备;配备,装备
教材原句 P17：To prevent soft tissue injury, make sure that you wear proper clothes and equipment when exercising. 为了防止软组织损伤，运动时一定要穿合适的衣服、佩戴合适的设备。
常用搭配：
firefighting equipment 消防设备；
office equipment 办公设备；
a piece of equipment 一件设备
联想词：
equip vt. 装备;配备;使有知识和技能;使能够胜任；
equip sb/sth with… 为某人/某事物配备……；
be equipped with/for… 配备……;具备……；
be equipped to do sth 配有装备以做某事；
例句：
Homes are equipped with voice controlled devices for lighting and temperature. 房屋配备了用于照明和调节温度的声控设备。
The emergency services are equipped to deal with disasters of this kind. 应急服务机构的人员配有装备，以处理此类灾难事件。
We want our son to have an education that will equip him for later life. 我们想让儿子接受能为其今后生活打下基础的教育。
lack
n. 缺乏,匮乏,短缺
教材原句 P19：Others work out for hours at the weekend to make up for their lack of exercise during the weekdays. 另一些人周末锻炼几个小时，以弥补工作日缺乏的锻炼。
常用搭配：
(a) lack of 缺乏……；for lack of 因缺乏……
例句：But you can't be successful when there's a lack of trust in a relationship. 但是在一段关系中缺少相互信任时，你们是不可能成功的。；
More and more high-rise buildings have been built in big cities for lack of space. 大城市由于缺少空间，建起了越来越多的高楼。
vt. 没有,缺乏,不足,短缺
常用搭配：
lack (for) nothing 没有欠缺
联想词：
lacking adj. 缺乏的;不足的；
be lacking in 缺乏(后加表示抽象概念的名词，如 patience、confidence 等)
例句：Indeed he is a great scholar, but he is lacking in common sense. 他确实是一位伟大的学者，但是他缺乏常识。
announce
vt. 宣布;宣告;通知;声称
教材原句 P20：We are happy to announce that the Community Sports Centre will soon be open to the public once again! 我们很高兴地宣布，社区体育中心将很快再次向公众开放！
常用搭配：
announce sth to sb 向某人宣布某事；it is announced that… 据宣布……
例句：The spokesman for the Foreign Ministry announced the news to the reporters. 外交部发言人向记者们宣布了这条消息。；
At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an agreement had been reached. 会议结束时宣布达成了一项协议。
联想词：
①announcement n. 宣布;通告;布告；make an announcement 发布公告 ②announcer n. 播音员
replace
vt. 代替,取代;(用……)替换;接替;更换,更新;把……放回原处
教材原句 P20：In response to public interest, our aerobics class has been replaced with several fun options, including modern dance. 为了满足公众的喜好，我们的有氧运动课程已经停开，取而代之的是一些有趣的课程，包括现代舞。
例句：He replaced his brother as captain of the team. 他接替自己的哥哥出任队长。
常用搭配：
replace A with B 用 B 替换 A
联想词：
①replacement n. 替换;更换;替代品;接替者 ②replaceable adj. 可代替的;可替换的
联想拓展：表示“代替”的其他常用短语
in place of sb (=in one's place) 代替某人;取代某人
take the place of sb (=take one's place) 代替某人;取代某人
例句：Jack couldn't go, so I attended the conference in his place. 杰克不能去，因此我代替他出席了这次会议。；
No one could ever take the place of her father. 没有人能取代她父亲的位置。
position
n. 处境;位置;姿势;观点;立场;地位;适当的位置;职位
教材原句 P23：What would you do in my position 你要是碰到我这种情况会怎么做？
例句：What's your position on this project 你对这个项目持什么立场？
常用搭配：
in/out of position 在/不在适当的位置；in a(n)… position 在……的位置/处境
例句：Xiamen stands in a very good position for future e-commerce development. 厦门处在未来电子商务发展的一个非常有利的位置。[China Daily]
熟词生义：vt. 安装;安置
hesitate
vi. & vt. 犹豫;迟疑；vi. 顾虑;疑虑
教材原句 P25：When my friend first suggested that we join the new Tai Chi Club at school, I hesitated. 当我的朋友一开始建议我们加入学校新的太极拳俱乐部时，我犹豫了。
常用搭配：
hesitate to do sth 做某事有顾虑；
hesitate about/over (doing) sth 对(做)某事犹豫不决
例句：If you get into trouble, don't hesitate to ask for advice. 如果你碰到麻烦，不要有顾虑，尽管向他人征求意见。
联想词：
①hesitation n. 犹豫;踌躇;迟疑；without hesitation 毫不犹豫地；
例句：Once she decides to do something, she will do it without hesitation. 她一旦决定要做某事，就会毫不犹豫地去做。
②hesitant adj. 犹豫的;不情愿的；be hesitant to do sth 犹豫/不情愿做某事；
例句：Doctors are hesitant to comment on the new treatment. 医生们不愿对新疗法作出评论。
admit
vt. & vi. 承认;招认；vt. 准许进入;准许加入;接纳;收治
教材原句 P25：After the first class, however, I had to admit that I had been wrong about tai chi. 然而，上了第一节课后，我不得不承认我对太极拳的认识是错误的。
常用搭配：
admit (to) doing sth 承认做过某事；
admit to sb (that)… 向某人承认……；
admit sb to/into… 接收某人(入学);允许某人进入(某处)/加入(俱乐部、组织)
例句：She admitted lying to us about her age. 她承认在年龄上对我们撒了谎。；John has admitted to us that he broke the window. 约翰已向我们承认他打破了窗户。；
He was admitted into a key university after hard work. 通过努力学习，他被一所重点大学录取了。
联想词：admission n. 承认 [pl.]录取 [U]允许进入;入场费；
apply for admission 申请加入；
admission charges/prices 入场费/票价
inspire
vt. 激励,鼓舞;启发思考;使产生(感觉或情感)
释义：①to give sb the desire, confidence or enthusiasm to do sth well；②to give sb the idea for sth, especially sth that shows imagination；③to make sb have a particular feeling or emotion
教材原句 P25：Just as importantly, practising tai chi has inspired me to explore the Chinese culture behind it. 同样重要的是，练习太极拳激励了我去探索太极拳背后的中国文化。
常用搭配：
inspire sb to do sth 激励某人做某事；
inspire sb with sth (=inspire sth in sb) 使某人产生(感觉或情感)
例句：Knowing his trouble, I had nothing to do but inspire him to continue his work. 我知道他的困难，除了激励他继续他的工作外，我什么也做不了。；
Clearly and thoughtfully written, the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers. 这本书表达清晰、逻辑缜密，激起了那些希望寻求他们自己答案的学生的信心。
联想词：
①inspiration n. 灵感;鼓舞人心的人(或事物) ②inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的;启发灵感的 ③inspired adj. 激动人心的;卓越的
no wonder
不足为奇,并不奇怪
教材原句 P25：No wonder some tai chi moves are named after animals—Chinese martial arts have a long-standing practice of imitating animals. 一些太极拳动作以动物命名不足为奇——中国武术有模仿动物的悠久传统。
no wonder 后可以跟从句，意为“难怪……；怪不得……”，相当于 it's no wonder (that)…。
例句：He has been working overnight. It's no wonder (that)/No wonder he looks worn out. 他工作了一整夜，难怪他看上去很疲倦。
联想拓展：wonder n. 惊奇;奇迹；v. 感到疑惑;想知道;感到惊讶；in wonder 惊奇地；work/do wonders 创造奇迹;取得惊人成效；it's a wonder (that)… 奇怪/令人惊奇的是……；(it's) no/little/small wonder (that)… ……不足为奇/并不奇怪；wonder about/at… 对……感到惊讶；I wonder if/whether… 我不知道是否……
例句：
She gazed down in wonder at the city spread below her. 她俯视展现在眼前的城市，惊叹不已。
It's a wonder (that) you didn't lose your way in the dark. 令人惊奇的是，你竟未在黑暗中迷路。
Sometimes I wonder about his behaviour. 有时我对他的行为感到惊讶。
satisfaction
n. [U]满意;欣慰;满足,达到 [C]令人满意的事
教材原句 P26：With these requirements of tai chi in mind, I found to my satisfaction that my balance and flexibility slowly improved… 让我满意的是，记住太极拳的这些要求后，我发现自己的平衡感和柔韧性慢慢有所改善……
例句：The happy news was a satisfaction to us all. 喜讯传来，我们大家都感到满意。
常用搭配：
with satisfaction 满意地；
to sb's satisfaction 令某人满意的是；
a sense of satisfaction 满足感
例句：Sarah looked at the finished painting with satisfaction. 萨拉满意地看着这幅成品画。；
The question could not be resolved, at least not to my satisfaction. 这个问题无法解决，至少达不到让我满意的地步。
联想词：
①satisfy vt. 使满足;使满意
②satisfied adj. 满意的,满足的；be satisfied with… 对……感到满意
③satisfying adj. 令人满意的;令人高兴的 ④satisfactory adj. 令人满意的;合适的
例句：To the satisfaction of the manager, there are so many people who are satisfied with the products made in his company. 让经理满意的是，有那么多人对他公司制造的产品感到满意。
exist
vi. 存在;生活,生存
教材原句 P26：Neither can exist independent of the other; for example, there is no shadow without light. 两者都不能独立存在；例如，没有光就没有阴影。
常见用法：exist in… 存在于……；exist on… 靠……生存；there exists… 存在……;有……
例句：These fats are man-made and do not exist in nature. 这些食用油是人造的，在自然界中是不存在的。
exist
例句：It was impossible for them to exist on such a small income. 他们靠这一点收入生活是不可能的。；
There exists a difficult problem in the field of medicine. 在医学领域存在着一个难题。
联想词：
①existence n. 存在;生活(方式)；come into existence 开始存在 ②existing adj. 现存的;现行的
breathe
vi. & vt. 呼吸；vt. 呼出
教材原句 P26：The practice of tai chi aims to maintain the balance of yin and yang in the body through opposite movements: forwards and backwards, up and down, left and right, breathing in and breathing out. 太极拳练习的目的是通过前后、上下、左右、吸气、呼气等相反的动作来保持体内的阴阳平衡。
例句：People are concerned about the quality of the air they breathe. 人们关心他们呼吸的空气的质量状况。
常用搭配：
breathe in/out 吸气/呼气；
breathe deeply 深呼吸；
breathe a sigh of relief 如释重负;松了口气
例句：No one was hurt, and we all breathed a sigh of relief. 没有人受伤，我们都松了一口气。
联想拓展：
take a (deep/long) breath (深深)吸一口气
breathtaking adj. 令人惊叹的
take one's breath away 令人惊叹；使人叫绝
hold one's breath 憋气；屏气
catch one's breath 屏息；喘口气
lose one's breath/be out of breath 喘不过气来
差距词汇 拔尖
1.compete
vi. 竞争;参加比赛
例句：Early in the morning, experienced players and new artists compete with each other while audience members, who can sing and tell stories, are welcome to interact and even join the artists onstage. 一大早，有经验的选手和新人艺术家们互相竞争，欢迎会唱歌和讲故事的观众们互动，甚至加入舞台上的艺术家们中。
2.criterion
n. 标准;准则
例句：The most important criterion for entry is that applicants must design and make their own work. 最重要的参赛标准是申请者必须设计并制作自己的作品。
3.refreshed
adj. 神清气爽的;有精力的
例句：Remember that being active not only helps you stay fit during the holiday, but also makes you feel fitter and more refreshed once you're back. 记住，运动不仅有助于你在假期保持健康，而且会让你在回来后感觉更健康、更精神。
4.tournament
n. 锦标赛
例句：No professionals may participate in the amateur tennis tournament. 任何职业选手均不得参加业余网球锦标赛。
5.track
n. 田径运动;轨道
例句：When I was in the track team, I used to run the 200-metre. 过去我在田径队时，常跑200米。
6.sneaker
n. 运动鞋
例句：Old Chinese sneaker brands have been getting a lot of attention these days. 如今，中国的老运动鞋品牌一直获得广泛关注。
7.stadium
n. 体育场;运动场
例句：A thousand supporters packed into the stadium to cheer them on. 1,000名支持者涌进体育馆里为他们加油。
8.involve
vt. 要求参与;包含;涉及
例句：Public awareness campaigns are required to involve the public in disease control. 需要开展提高公众意识的运动，使公众参与疾病防控工作。
9.extraordinary
adj. 非凡的;特别的;异乎寻常的
例句：Last Sunday our school held an extraordinary cross-country running race, which nearly drew the attention of every student and teacher of our school. 上周日，我们学校举行了一场非同寻常的越野赛跑比赛，几乎引起了全校师生的注意。
10.instructor
n. [C]教练,指导员
例句：Every Monday, we have a fitness instructor who will come to our gym and provide an introduction to any staff members who want to use it. 每星期一，我们会有一位健身教练来到我们的健身房，向任何想要使用它的工作人员介绍。
长难句分析
1.Some studies even show that exercise improves certain brain functions, meaning you could actually exercise your way to better performance at school!
（that引导宾语从句，作show的宾语；现在分词短语作状语，其中包括省略that的宾语从句，作meaning的宾语）
句意：一些研究甚至表明锻炼会改善大脑的某些功能，这意味着你确实可以通过锻炼来提高学业成绩！
2.When you plan an exercise routine, the first thing to consider is what you expect to improve: heart and lung efficiency, muscle strength or flexibility.
（When引导时间状语从句；不定式作后置定语；系动词；表语从句）
句意：当你制订锻炼计划时，首先要考虑的是你期望在哪些方面有所改善，是心肺功能、肌肉力量还是柔韧性。
3.To prevent soft tissue injury, make sure that you wear proper clothes and equipment when exercising.
（不定式短语作目的状语；主句（祈使句）；宾语从句；省略主语和助动词be的时间状语从句）
句意：为了防止软组织损伤，运动时一定要穿合适的衣服、佩戴合适的设备。
知识拓展：当 when、while、once、unless、as if/as though、although/though、if 等引导状语从句时，若从句主语与主句主语一致或从句主语是 it，且从句谓语含有动词 be 的某种形式时，可以省略从句中的主语和动词 be。
例句：
When first introduced to the market, these new products in their company enjoyed great success. 他们公司的这些新产品首次引入市场便获得了巨大的成功。
Once recovering, the patient was eager to show his gratitude to the doctors. 身体刚一康复，那位病人便渴望表达对医生们的感激之情。
You should remain quiet at the conference unless invited to speak. 你应该在会议上保持安静，除非被邀请讲话。
The old man was lying on the ground as if hurt badly. 那位老人躺在地上，似乎伤得很严重。
If possible, speak to a friend or family member. 如果可能的话，和朋友或家人谈一谈。
If necessary, I can come at once. 如果有必要，我可以马上过来。
4.With these requirements of tai chi in mind, I found to my satisfaction that my balance and flexibility slowly improved, that I was able to do more difficult moves, and that my love for tai chi returned stronger than ever.
（With复合结构作状语；主句；第二个and连接三个并列的宾语从句，第二个和第三个宾语从句的that不可以省略）
句意：让我满意的是，记住太极拳的这些要求后，我发现自己的平衡感和柔韧性慢慢有所改善，我能完成难度更大的动作，而且我比以前更喜爱太极拳了。
高频句式
句式 it is believed/said/reported/proved/decided/announced that… 人们认为/据说/据报道/据证实/已决定/据宣布……
链接课文：It has also been proven that active people tend to have better immune systems and are at lower risk of diseases. 事实也证明，积极运动的人往往会有更强大的免疫系统，患病的风险也较低。[P16]
例句：：
It is said that on occasion Byron swam by moonlight in the lake, which is now known as Byron’s Pool. 据说，拜伦有时会借着月光在湖里游泳，这个湖就是现在著名的拜伦潭。
It is generally believed that he, more than anyone else in the history of films, understands the meaning of the word “entertainment”. 人们普遍认为，他比电影史上的任何一个人都更能理解“娱乐”一词的含义。
重点1 现在进行时及其被动语态
1.现在进行时表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作。主动语态的谓语为 am/is/are doing，被动语态的谓语为 am/is/are being done。
2.现在进行时的被动语态表示说话时或现阶段正在发生的被动动作，或表示经常性的被动动作，用来表示厌烦、赞美等情绪。
例句：The museum isn’t open to the public because it is being maintained at present. 这个博物馆目前正在维修，所以不对外开放。
知识拓展：“be under/in +n.”可用来表示现在进行时的被动含义，如 is under construction 表示 is being constructed；is in preparation 表示 is being prepared。
重点2 现在完成时及其被动语态
教材原句：The finishing touches are now being put to a new swimming pool and our workout rooms have been updated with modern equipment. 新的游泳池现在正在进行最后的装修，我们的健身房也已经更新了现代化的设备。[P20]
现在完成时的主动语态中，谓语部分由“have/has+过去分词”构成。
1.现在完成时表示过去发生的或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与一些表示不确定的时间的状语连用，如：just、already、yet、ever、recently、lately、so far、up to/till now、in the last/past few days/years 等。
例句：：Progress has been so far very good and we are sure that the work will be finished on time. 到目前为止，工程进展得很顺利，我们确信一定会按时完工。
2.现在完成时表示过去已经开始，一直持续到现在（也许还会继续进行下去）的动作或状态，常与“since+时间点”或“for+时间段”等时间状语连用。
例句：：
—I remember you were a talented pianist at college. Can you play the piano for me 我记得你在大学时是一位很有才华的钢琴演奏者。你能为我弹钢琴吗？
—Sorry, I haven’t played the piano for years. 抱歉，我已经好多年没有弹钢琴了。
3.现在完成时表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在已经成为一种经历，常与 twice、ever、never、three times、before 等时间状语连用。
4.现在完成时的常用句型
①it is/has been+一段时间+since 从句（从句用一般过去时）
②it/this/that is the first/second/… time that sb have/has done…
③this/that/it is+the+形容词最高级+名词+定语从句（从句常用现在完成时）
5.一般过去时与现在完成时的区别
(1)一般过去时用于描述过去的动作，与现在无关；现在完成时所描述的动作发生在过去某时或某段时间，该动作与现在有关系，可能对现在产生了结果或影响，也可能一直持续下去。
例句：：When I first met Bryan I didn’t like him, but now I have changed my mind. 我第一次见到布赖恩时不喜欢他，但是现在我已经改变了想法。
(2)一般过去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用；而现在完成时通常与无确定时间的时间状语连用或无时间状语。
例句：：
The man died two and a half years ago. 那名男子在两年半前去世了。
In the last few years, China has made great achievements in environmental protection. 在过去的几年中，中国在环境保护方面已经取得了巨大成就。
特别注意：come、arrive、buy、borrow、begin、finish、start、marry、open、hear、join、die 等表示短暂意义的瞬间动词可以用于现在完成时，但在肯定句中一般不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。必要时要用相应的延续性动词替换。
瞬间动词(词组) 延续性动词(词组)
buy have
borrow keep
catch/get a cold have a cold
come/go be here/there
leave be away (from)
join be a member of/be in
begin/start be on
finish/end be over
die be dead
fall asleep be asleep
turn off be off
例句：
Oh no! We are too late. The train has left. 哦，不！我们来得太晚了。火车已经开走了。
Oh no! We are too late. The train has been away for ten minutes. 哦，不！我们来得太晚了。火车已经开走10分钟了。
6.现在完成时的被动语态的形式和基本用法
(1)基本形式：have/has been+过去分词
(2)基本用法：表示过去发生的被动动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果；也可表示一个被动动作或状态始于过去，一直持续到现在，并有可能持续下去。
例句：In my hometown, there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat has been cut. 在我的家乡，小麦全部收割后，农民总会有一顿丰收晚宴。

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