Unit 4 Hands-on Fun单元知识复习第3讲--语法精讲精练 初中英语译林版(2024)八年级上册(2024)

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Unit 4 Hands-on Fun单元知识复习第3讲--语法精讲精练 初中英语译林版(2024)八年级上册(2024)

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8AU4 Hands-on Fun单元知识复习第3讲--语法精讲精练
一、语法复习清单
(一)半情态动词:had better (not) do sth
1. 语法结构
主语 + had better(可缩写为’d better)+ (not) + 动词原形 + 其他
2. 用法讲解
用于提出建议或提醒,强调 “更优选择”,语气比 “should” 更直接,无人称、时态变化(所有人称通用)。
否定形式直接在 “better” 后加 “not”,无需加 “don’t”。
疑问句形式:Had + 主语 + better + 动词原形?(较少见,日常多用肯定 / 否定式)
3. 例句
You’d better not get too much paint on the brush.(你最好不要在刷子上蘸太多油漆。)
We’d better finish the DIY work before dark.(我们最好在天黑前完成 DIY 作品。)
(二)并列连词:not only...but also...
1. 语法结构
连接并列名词 / 代词:Not only + 名词 / 代词 + but also + 名词 / 代词
连接并列动词:Not only + 动词原形 / 过去式 + but also + 动词原形 / 过去式
连接并列句子:Not only + 句子 1(倒装,助动词 / 情态动词提前),but also + 句子 2(正常语序)
2. 用法讲解
表 “不仅…… 而且…… ”,强调后者,连接两个地位平等的成分。
连接主语时,谓语动词遵循 “就近一致” 原则(与 “but also” 后的主语保持一致)。
可省略 “but also” 中的 “also”,简化为 “not only...but...”。
3. 例句
DIY not only saves our money, but also helps reduce waste.(DIY 不仅省钱,还能帮助减少浪费。)
Not only Lucy but also her classmates are able to make paper roses.(不仅露西,她的同学也会做纸玫瑰。)
(三)否定前缀(un-, in-, im-)构成反义词
1. 语法结构
un- + 形容词 → 否定形容词(多接以辅音开头的形容词)
in- + 形容词 → 否定形容词(多接以元音开头的形容词)
im- + 形容词 → 否定形容词(仅接以 “p/m/b” 开头的形容词)
2. 用法讲解
通过添加前缀改变原词词义,无需改变词形其他部分,属于 “派生词” 语法范畴。
常见固定搭配:unlucky(不幸的)、untidy(不整洁的)、impossible(不可能的)、impolite(不礼貌的)、incorrect(错误的)。
3. 例句
It is dangerous for little kids to use scissors.(小孩用剪刀很危险。)→ It is impossible for little kids to use scissors safely.(小孩安全用剪刀是不可能的。)
He is a patient man.(他是个有耐心的人。)→ He becomes impatient when waiting for long.(长时间等待时,他会变得没耐心。)
(四)祈使句(肯定 / 否定式)
1. 语法结构
肯定式:动词原形 + 宾语 / 状语(可加 “Please” 表礼貌,放句首或句末)
否定式:Don’t + 动词原形 + 宾语 / 状语(不可用 “Do not” 的缩写外形式,日常多用 “Don’t”)
2. 用法讲解
用于发出指令、请求或提醒,主语(you)通常省略,无时态变化。
常见于 DIY 操作步骤、规则说明等场景(如 “混合材料”“不要浪费”)。
3. 例句
Please put all the books back on the shelf.(请把所有书放回书架。)
Don’t mix them up—they are different paints.(别把它们混起来,这是不同的油漆。)
Walk along the road for ten minutes, and you’ll see a shop.(沿着这条路走十分钟,你会看到一家商店。)
(五)动词不定式(to do)的常用用法
1. 语法结构
作表语:主语 + be + to do sth(表 “计划 / 目的”)
作目的状语:To do sth + 主句(表 “为了做某事”)
作宾语:动词(want, need, decide 等)+ to do sth
固定句型:It’s + adj. + to do sth(表 “做某事是…… 的”)
2. 用法讲解
单元中多出现于 “DIY 步骤描述”“目的表达” 场景,如 “准备材料”“制作目的”。
否定形式:not to do sth(放 “to” 前,如 “decide not to do”)。
3. 例句
The second step is to prepare the filling.(第二步是准备馅料。)(作表语)
To catch my eye, he put up a family photo above the sofa.(为了吸引我的注意,他在沙发上方挂了一张全家福。)(作目的状语)
It is difficult to understand the instructions.(理解用法说明很难。)(固定句型)
(六)动名词(doing)作宾语
1. 语法结构
动词 / 固定短语 + doing sth(常见动词 / 短语:enjoy, practice, be crazy about, be good at, give up 等)
2. 用法讲解
当动词 / 短语后接 “动作” 作宾语时,需用动名词形式(不能用动词原形)。
单元中核心短语 “be crazy about(热衷于)” 后必接 doing sth,表 “热衷于做某事”。
3. 例句
My cousin enjoys DIY, and now no DIY job seems impossible to him.(我表弟喜欢 DIY,现在对他来说,没有什么 DIY 工作是不可能的。)
She is crazy about making paper lanterns with coloured paper.(她热衷于用彩纸做纸灯笼。)
二、配套练习
(一)用 had better (not) do sth 填空(每空 1 分,共 5 分)
1. You ______ ______ ______ (touch) the hot paint—it may burn your hands.
2. We ______ ______ (read) the instructions first before using the new tool.
3. He ______ ______ ______ (be) late for the DIY competition—it’s very important.
4. ______ I ______ ______ (ask) the teacher for help if I can’t finish it
5. They ______ ______ (clean) the desk after the DIY work to keep it tidy.
(二)用 not only...but also... 合并句子(每句 2 分,共 10 分)
1. DIY can save money. DIY can develop creativity.
2. He bought some DIY books. He took an online DIY course.
3. Lucy can make paper roses. Her classmates can make paper roses.
4. The DIY doll is cute. The DIY doll is cheap.
5. We felt proud. We felt happy when we won the prize.
(三)给下列单词添加否定前缀,补全句子(每空 1 分,共 5 分)
(备选前缀:un-, in-, im-)
1. It is ______ (polite) to talk loudly in the library.
2. The room is ______ (tidy)—there are books everywhere.
3. It is ______ (possible) to finish the work in 10 minutes.
4. He is ______ (lucky) today—he lost his DIY tools.
5. The answer is ______ (correct). You need to check it again.
(四)将下列句子改为祈使句(每句 2 分,共 10 分)
1. You should fold the paper in half.(改为肯定祈使句)
2. You shouldn’t cut the wire with scissors.(改为否定祈使句)
3. We can put the brush into the paint.(改为肯定祈使句,加 “Please”)
4. You can’t mix the flour and water up now.(改为否定祈使句)
5. They should walk along this road for five minutes.(改为肯定祈使句)
(五)用动词不定式(to do)或动名词(doing)填空(每空 1 分,共 5 分)
1. My brother is crazy about ______ (make) model planes.
2. The first step is ______ (mix) the flour and water.
3. It’s important ______ (read) the safety rules before DIY.
4. She wants ______ (join) the DIY club at school.
5. We practice ______ (fold) paper every weekend.
(六)汉译英(每句 2 分,共 10 分,需用指定语法)
1. 你最好不要把刷子放进冷水里。(had better not, put...into...)
2. DIY 不仅能帮助我们节省钱,还能让我们感到自豪。(not only...but also..., feel proud)
3. 为了完成这个 DIY 作品,我们需要准备一些彩纸。(动词不定式表目的,prepare)
4. 不要把这两种油漆混起来,它们颜色不一样。(否定祈使句,mix up)
5. 他热衷于自己组装书架。(be crazy about, put together)
三、练习答案
(一)用 had better (not) do sth 填空
1. had; better; not; touch
2. had; better; read
3. had; better; not; be
4. Had; better; ask
5. had; better; clean
(二)用 not only...but also... 合并句子
1. DIY can not only save money but also develop creativity.
2. He not only bought some DIY books but also took an online DIY course.
3. Not only Lucy but also her classmates can make paper roses.
4. The DIY doll is not only cute but also cheap.
5. We felt not only proud but also happy when we won the prize.
(三)添加否定前缀补全句子
1. impolite
2. untidy
3. impossible
4. unlucky
5. incorrect
(四)改为祈使句
1. Fold the paper in half.
2. Don’t cut the wire with scissors.
3. Please put the brush into the paint.
4. Don’t mix the flour and water up now.
5. Walk along this road for five minutes.
(五)用 to do 或 doing 填空
1. making
2. to mix
3. to read
4. to join
5. folding
(六)汉译英
1. You’d better not put the brush into cold water.
2. DIY can not only help us save money but also make us feel proud.
3. To finish this DIY work, we need to prepare some coloured paper.
4. Don’t mix up these two kinds of paint—they have different colours.
5. He is crazy about putting together shelves by himself.

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