资源简介

(共47张PPT)
Unit 4
Exploring poetry
Grammar and usage
Learning Objectives
Learning Objectives
Master the relevant knowledge points of non-finite verbs through discourses and exercises.
Learn about "Romantic poetry and poets" by reading articles, feel the charm of poetry, and improve poetry appreciation ability.
Systematically grasp the basic forms of non-finite verbs and correctly use appropriate non-finite verbs in specific contexts.
Key Points and Difficult Points
Key points:
Master the relevant knowledge points of non-finite verbs through discourses and exercises.
Difficult Points:
Systematically grasp the basic forms of non-finite verbs and correctly use appropriate non-finite verbs in specific contexts.
Lead-in
What are the main types of non-finite verbs
What can to-infinitives, verb-ing and verb-ed forms be used as in a sentence
To-infinitives, verb-ing and verb-ed forms.
They can be used as subject, predicative, object, attributive, adverbial and complement.
Grammar and usage
1.什么是非谓语动词？
非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式，其次是这种动词形式不能单独做谓语
非谓语动词通常指to do、doing 和done
非谓语动词
意义 相同点
to do
doing
done
目的、将来、结果
主动、进行、修饰物
被动、完成、修饰人
1）有固定搭配
2）可以作表语、定语、状语、补语
2.非谓语动词在什么条件下使用？
一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）, 又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。
非谓语动词
She got off the bus, (leave) her handbag on her seat.
She got off the bus, but (leave) her handbag on her seat.
left
leaving
3.谓语动词的功能
非谓语动词
形式 功能
主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语
To do
动词-ing
动词-ed
非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。
The car to be bought is for his sister.
She pretended to be reading when the teacher came into the classroom.
Tips
非谓语作主语
To do 和doing形式都可以用作________，有时可用__________ 代替，此时主语置于_________ 。
→It will be dangerous to play with fire .
To do & doing
Pretending to know what you do not know is no good.
→ It is no good pretending to know what you do not know.
To play with fire will be dangerous.
主语
形式主语it
句末
It is a shame to litter.
It is necessary for us to protect the earth for the future generations.
It is very kind of you to help with my English.
It took the Chinese a long time to explore the space.
It makes me relaxed to know that I have passed the exam.
it 作为形式主语时，常见句型。
It + be + n. + to do sth
It + be +adj. + ( for sb) to do sth ( adj 修饰物）
It + be +adj. + ( of sb) to do sth ( adj 修饰人）
It takes (sb) time/money to do sth
It makes sb +adj. + to do sth
To do
It is worthwhile doing... 做......是值得的
It is ________/_________ doing... 做......无用的
It is __________ doing ... 做......是没有好处的
It is __________________ ... 做......是浪费时间的
no use useless
no good
a waste of time
doing
Observe the following sentences and guess the differences.
Smoking is forbidden here.
Collecting stamps is his hobby.
Teaching children music is her work.
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.
To visit Australia is my next goal.
It is harmful for you to smoke so much.
I like swimming,but I don’t like to swim on such a cold day.
抽象泛指
习惯爱好
工作职业
经验
未来动作
具体动作
前者指习惯爱好，后者指一次性行为
不定式通常表示具体的，一次性行为或者将来的动作，表示带有目的性的未完成的事情。；
动名词通常表示一般的，抽象的泛指概念，表示习惯，爱好，职业，经验等；
不定式强调：动作本身；
动名词强调：事件本身
To do & doing作主语的区别
非谓语作宾语
在afford, agree, arrange, choose, desire, expect, fail, hope, intend, offer, pretend, promise, refuse, wish等动词后，常接to do宾语。
eg Mike offered to help me.
Tom promised to go with me.
To do
eg I considered going to see him in person.
Everyone burst out laughing.
动词：like, enjoy, avoid, consider, advise, suggest, mind, keep等
介词：by, after 等
短语：be capable of doing(有能力做…)， get down to doing， have trouble in doing， be used to doing（习惯做某事）, be busy doing等
doing 跟在____，_____和_________之后做宾语，如continue，before，get tired of等
动词
介词
短语
doing
在remember, forget, regret, try, mean等动词后，既可以接动词不定式作宾语，也可以接动词-ing形式作宾语，doing形式表示动作已经发生; to do表示动作还没发生
to do sth. 记得去做某事
doing sth. 记得做过某事
remember
forget
to do sth. 忘记去做某事
doing sth. 忘记做过某事
regret
to do sth. 对即将做的事表示遗憾
doing sth. 对做过的事表示后悔
To do& doing作宾语的区别
非谓语作表语
To do表语，说明主语所指的内容，还可以表示将来，可以带逻辑主语。动词不定式作表语，有的情况下to可以省略，即前有do后无to。
eg My purpose is to help them.
My hope is for all members to come together.
All I did was (to) give him a little push.
To do
doing =adj，修饰物，“令人…的”
=n. 表示主语的内容
done =adj. 修饰人，“感到…的”
表示主语所处的状态
doing & done
To do & doing均可作表语，解释或说明主语的具体内容，两者常可换用，但需要注意主语与表语的一致性。
如果表示某种结果、不幸的命运或预言，或表示"同意；命令；决定；劝告"等意，则往往用to do作表语。
To do & doing
My work is looking after / to look after the children.
To live is to do something worthwhile. =Living is doing something worthwhile.
The important thing is to save lives. 　　
You are to hand in the exercises tomorrow.
非谓语作定语
不定式作 通常放在其修饰的名词或代词 。
Is this the best way to help him
Your wish to be a teacher is quite understandable.
之后
定语
不定式作定语时，to 后所接的动词与被修饰的名词或代词之间是主谓关系、动宾关系、同位关系。
To do
1.主谓关系(subject-verb)
She is always the first person to come and the last one to leave.
她总是第一个来最后一个走。
She was the best woman to do the job.
她是做这份工作的最佳人选。
这种情况，被修饰的名词或代词前常有序数词、the only、最高级或no, all, any等修饰限定。
2.动宾关系(verb-object)
若不定式动词为不及物动词，则该动词必须与介词连用，组成及物的动词短语。
The teacher left us a lot of problems to solve.
老师给我们留了很多要解答的题。
Please give me something to drink.
请给我点喝的。
He needs a new house to live in.
他需要一个新房子住。
注：
To do 常表示将来
3.同位关系(apposition)
He broke his promise to write to his parents regularly.
他没有遵守定期给父母写信的承诺。
We students should have the courage to face any difficulty.
我们学生应该有勇气面对任何困难。
修饰抽象名词，如ability, chance ,idea, fact, promise, reason…
to 后接的动词短语是对该抽象名词的解释/说明
ing形式作定语常表示所修饰词的用途，也可以表示进行。
eg A sleeping pill will help you to fall asleep
quickly.
The houses being built are for the students.
doing
Done 形式作定语，一般表示被动，完成
eg He was reading a novel written by Dickens.
Jack cleared the fallen leaves on the ground.
There are a little time left.
done
非谓语作状语
To do作状语可以表示目的，相当于so as to、in order to
so as to 只能放于句中。
To catch the early bus，he gets up early.
In order to catch the early bus, he gets up early.
= He gets up early to catch the early bus.
Bob took down my telephone number so as to/
in order to/to remember it.
To do
To do作结果状语,常用在下列句式中：
1. I’m not so stupid as to write it down.
=I’m not such a fool as to write it down.
2. He is clever enough to be fit for the job.
so+adj +as to do sth
such+n +as to do sth
…enough to do sth
too….to;
only to do sth
adj作表语时，后面可接to do作原因状语，用以说明这种情绪的原因。
用于这类结构的形容词常用的有：happy, glad, sorry, anxious, angry, proud, surprised, pleased.
They were very glad to hear the news.
I’m happy to meet you.
doing和done
doing和done形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、伴随、条件、结果、目的等意义。
doing ：主动、进行
done : 被动、完成
eg Seen from the top of the tower, the factory looks beautiful.
Seeing from the top of the tower, we can see a beautiful factory.
在expect, forbid, force, order, permit, request, warn等动词后，常接“sb/sth+to do ”结构，动词不定式作补语。
eg We can always expect him to help us.
He warned us to be careful.
To do、doing、done
非谓语作补语
五看：see, watch, look at, notice, observe, smell,
三使：let, have, make sb. do sth
两听： hear, listen to,
一感觉：feel
等后作宾补，省略 to. 注意：在被动语态中 to 不能省略掉。如：
+(to) do 表示动作的整个过程
+doing 表示进行。
I saw him cross the street and enter the shop.
I saw him crossing the street.
I saw him dance.
He was seen to dance.
The boss made them work the whole night.
To do
eg How would you like your hair cut
We must get the work finished by 10 o’clock.
动词-ed形式作补语常表示被动意义。
一、动词不定式的时态与语态
形式 主动 被动 意义
一般式 to do to be done 动词不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生
进行式 to be doing 动词不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生
完成式 to have done to have been done 动词不定式的动作发生在句中谓语动词的动作之前
The work is to be done soon.
He seemed to be reading something at that time.
He seemed to have cleaned the room.
The boy is said to have been sent to hospital soon.
二、动词-ing形式的时态与语态
形式 主动 被动 意义
一般式 doing being done 表示的动作通常是一般性动作，即不明确地发生在过去、现在或将来的动作，或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的动作
完成式 having done having been done 表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前
No one likes being laughed at.
After having played basketball, he felt tired.
I don’t remember having ever been given a chance to do it.
Romanticism
Definition It was a 1. __________________from the late 18th to the mid-19th century, involving 2. ________________________ and poets.
The aim To 3. ______________________ of the 18th century.
To put emphasis on the importance of imagination and feeling, 4. _________________ and a return to the past.
Representatives 5.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The common theme Celebrating the beauty of 6. ______________________
The significance The poetry of the Romantic era is one of 7. __________________
in Western literature.
cultural movement
painters, musicians,novelists
break with the ideals
the love of nature
William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, George Gordon Byron ...
natural and country life.
the greatest treasures
Read the introduction on page 48 and fill in the table below.
Go through the introduction and fill in the table of part A on page 48.
Subjects (主)
Predicatives (表) The aim of the Romantic was to break with ...
Objects (宾)
Complements
Attributives
Adverbials
..., celebrating the beauty of nature and country life became ...
Romantic poets were often not pleased with ...
... they were not always interested in ...
... they refused to follow rigid rules; ...
Instead, they advocated going back to nature.
..., people were made to work long hours.
... a process called industrialization
Exploring the world of emotion and showing the...
(宾补)
(定)
(状)
Working out the rules
The to-infinitive often refers to an action that will happen in the future; the verb-ing form, a continuing action; and the verb-ed form, a past action.
Generally speaking, the verb-ing form expresses a(n) (1) ________ (active/passive) meaning, while the verb-ed form expresses a(n) (2) ________ (active/passive) meaning.
The to-infinitive can be used as the (3) ____________ of a sentence.
The verb-ing form can be used as the (4) ____________ of a sentence.
The verb-ed form can be used as the (5) ________ of a sentence.
*You can choose more than one answer for each blank.
a. subject b. predicative c. object
d. complement e. attributive f. adverbial
active
passive
a, b, c, d, e, f
a, b, c, d, e, f
b, d, e, f
Exercise
B2 Below is an article about the English poet Willian plete the article with the correct to-infinitives, verb-ing or verb-ed forms of verbs in the brackets.
Born in 1770, Willian Wordsworth was one of the (1) ________ (lead) poets of the Romantic movement in England. (2) ________ (grow) up in the beautiful Lake District, Wordsworth had a childhood that was perfect for a developing poet. (3) __________ (educate) at Cambridge, Wordsworth received his degree in 1791. He spent a lot of time (4) _________ in Europe. Travelling obviously provided Wordsworth with plenty of ideas for his poems. In 1795, he met Samuel Taylor Coleridge and the two talented young men became close friends.
leading
Growing
Educated
touring
Summary
New words: novelist,ideal,rigid...
Expressions: break with sth...
Functions: 掌握非谓语动词
Sentences: It was a time when many painters, musicians, novelists and poets looked at the world in new and different ways.
Large factories were being built and people were made to work long hours.
Summary
Homework
Review the language points and complete the exercises B2 on page 49.
Homework
SEE YOU NEXT CLASS!
.

展开更多......

收起↑