2026届高考英语二轮复习:名词课件(共28张PPT)

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2026届高考英语二轮复习:名词课件(共28张PPT)

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(共28张PPT)
名词
LOGO
高考一轮复习
01
02
名词的数
名词所有格
CONTENTS
03
派生名词
01. 名词的数
1.1 可数名词(规则变化和不规则变化)
1.2 不可数名词
1.3 可数和不可数均可
1.4 抽象名词具体化
1.5 数量限定词
真题链接:
(2024 新课标 Ⅱ 卷) Although they could never have met, there are common ___57____(theme) in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.
(2024 新课标 Ⅰ 卷) These plants included modern Western __62__ (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel.
(2024 全国甲卷) Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend to catch our attention because of their large size and variety. They are ___62___(treasure) of American heritage (遗产).
(2023 浙江 1 月卷) Thanks to Beijing’s long history as capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic ______(event).
themes
favourites
treasures
events
※ 下列情况应使用名词的复数形式:
(1) one of + 可数名词复数:如:one of the players
(2) these/ those/ some/ many/ few/ a few/ several/ a lot of / lots of / both/ all + 可数名词复数;如:both students等;
(3) different/ various/ a variety of/ all kinds of/ a series of(一系列的)/ a number of(许多的) + 可数名词复数;如:meet various challenges;
(4) “in one’s 基数词的复数形式”;如:in one's thirties 在某人三十多岁;
(5) “the + 姓氏复数”表示一家人;如:the Browns 布朗一家人;
(6) 固定搭配:如:content pages 目录页;in ruins 严重受损;破败不堪;take notes 做笔记;under any circumstances 在任何情况下;无论如何等;
1.1 可数名词
(1) 规则变化:
a. 一般情况,在词尾+ s;如:flower; acquaintance; dispaly等;
b. 以y结尾的单词,
辅音字母+ y结尾,将y变i + es;如:city ; discovery; facility等;
元音字母+y结尾,直接 + s,如:toy; monkey等;
c. 以“x, s, ch, sh”结尾 ,在词尾+ es,如:class; approach; crash; virus; box等;
※ 注意:
stomach(胃)词尾的-ch发/k/的音,因此复数形式直接加-s
1.1 可数名词
(1) 规则变化:
d. 以“f/ fe”结尾,将“f/fe”变v + es 如:leaf; half; self; wife; knife; wolf; shelf; thief等;
※ 注意:
悬崖(cliffs)海湾(golfs)边
首领(chiefs)在屋顶(roofs)上说他们没有信仰(beliefs)
证据(proofs)在保险箱(safes)里直接加s;
1.1 可数名词
(1) 规则变化:
e. 以“o”结尾的单词,
1) 一般情况直接在词尾 + s;如:photo; zoo; studio; piano等;
2) 以下单词在词尾加+es;如:黑人(negro)英雄(hero)爱吃土豆(potato)和西红柿(tomato) ;
3) 以下单词复数形式 +s 和+ es均可;如:mosquito; motto; volcano等;
1.1 可数名词
(2) 不规则变化:
a. 词形变化:如:foot → feet(脚;英尺); mouse → mice(老鼠); man → men(男人); tooth → teeth(牙齿); goose → geese(鹅)等;
b. 单复数同形:sheep(绵羊),spacecraft(宇宙飞船),deer(鹿),means(方法),series(系列),species(种类),works(工厂),crossroads(十字路口);aircraft(飞机);head(头)等;
1.1 可数名词
(2) 不规则变化:
c. 国家人:中(Chines)日(Japanese)瑞(Swiss)葡萄(Portuguese)不变,英(Englishman)法(Frenchman)变,其余一律加s;
※ 注意:
两个德国人:two Germans;
d. 词尾加-ren/-en:child → children(儿童); ox → oxen(公牛);
1.1 可数名词
(2) 不规则变化:
e. 复合名词:
1) 由两个名词构成,将后一个名词(即核心名词)变为复数;如: apple tree; bus stop; book store等;
※ 注意:
由两个名词构成的名词短语变复数时,若修饰语为“man或woman”时,前后均变为复数形式;如:woman doctor;
1.1 可数名词
(2) 不规则变化:
e. 复合名词:
2) “名词 + 介词”构成的复合名词,将名词变为复数形式,如:passer - by(路人); sister-in-law(嫂子)
3) “动词/过去分词 + 副词”构成的复合名词,直接在词尾 + s,如:grown-up(大人); go-between(中间人);
1.1 可数名词
(2) 不规则变化:
f. 外来词汇:
analysis → analyses(分析);
crisis → crises(危机);
criterion → criteria(标准);
datum → data(数据);
phenomenon → phenomena(现象);
1.2 不可数名词
常见不可数名词:
advice air baggage bread
chocolate equipment furniture fun
jewelry homework housework information
luggage meat milk money
music news progress rubbish
traffic wealth weather
不可数名词如何表示数量?
1.3 可数和不可数均可
单词 可数名词 不可数名词
culture 文化种类;文化现象 文化
exercise 练习 锻炼
experience 经历 经验
fish 鱼的种类 鱼肉
interest 爱好;利益 兴趣
orange 橘子 橙汁
1.3 可数和不可数均可
单词 可数名词 不可数名词
paper 报纸;论文;文件 纸
people 民族 人民
room 房间 空间
time 时间 时代
water 水 水域
work 作品;工厂 工作
1.4 抽象名词具体化
抽象名词 具体化
success 成功 a success 一个(件)成功的人或事
failure 失败 a failure 一个(件)失败的人或事
surprise 惊讶 a surprise 一件令人惊讶的人或事
pleasure 快乐 a pleasure 一件乐事
honor 荣幸 an honor 一件引以为荣的事
考察方向:冠词
1.5 数量限定词
只能修饰可数名词 a good/great many...
a(great/large)number of...
scores/dozens/hundreds/thousands/millions of...
只能修饰不可数名词 a great deal of/a bit of
an amount of/amounts of
两者皆可 plenty of/a lot of
a variety of/varieties of
a quantity of/quantities of
02. 名词所有格
2.1 of所有格
2.2 ’s所有格
2.3 双重所有格
2.1 of所有格
意义: 表示无生命的事物的名词的所有关系;
形式:名词 + of + 名词;
例:the legs of the chair;
例:the cover of the book;
2.2 ’s所有格
形式:
(1) 一般在名词词尾加’s;如:my father’s hat;
(2) 以-s或-es结尾的复数名词在词尾加’;如:Teachers’ Day;
用法:
(1) 表示在某个地点;如:at Mary’s(在Mary家), at the doctor’s(在诊所),at my sister’s(在姐姐家);
(2) 表示时间、路程、长度、重量、价值等概念;如:two minutes’ walk; 100 meters’ race; two pound’s weight;
(3) 表示两者或多者共有,在最后一个名词词尾加’s;表示两者或多者分别拥有,在每个名词词尾都要加上’s;
2.3 双重所有格
意义:表示部分概念;
例:a photo of my brother 强调照片中的人就是我哥哥;
例: a photo of my brother’s 强调我哥哥拥有这张照片;
形式:名词 + of + ’s所有格/ 名词性物主代词;
例:a friend of my father’s 我父亲的一位朋友;
例:many relatives of hers 她的很多亲戚;
03. 派生名词
3.1 v. → n.
3.2 adj. → n.
3.3 n. → n.
真题链接:
(2024 全国甲卷) They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the ___68_____( complete ) of their journey.
(2024 浙江 1 月卷) Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the ______ (criticize) that they lead to waste.
(2024 新课标 Ⅰ 卷) The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route that brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the ____65____(rich) of gardening in England.
completion
criticism
richness
3.1 v. → n.
ance: annoy; appear; assist; guide; perform; resist; tolerate等;
ence: differ; depend; exist; prefer; refer等;
er: announce; design; explore; hunt; gather; organize; perform等;
or: act; conduct; direct; edit; instruct; investigate等;
-tion: appreciate; locate; explore; declare; attract; connect; invite等;
-ssion: admit; submit; emit; permit; transmit等;
-ment: achieve; adjust; announce; appoint; commit; invest; move等;
-(t)ure: mix; deaprt; press; fail等;
y: discover; recover; injure; deliver等;
3.1 v. → n.
易错:
argue → argument beg → beggar
behave → behavior choose → choice
compete → competition compare → comparison
curious → curiosity define → definition
describe → description destroy → destruction
explain → explanation jog → jogger
recognize → recognition prove → proof
solve → solution survive → survival
vary → variety
3.2 adj.→ n.
+ness: aware; careless; eager; fit; fond; kind; rich; rude; unique等;
ent → ence: absent; confident; different; innocent; silent等;
t(e) → cy: accurate; current; efficent; fluent; private等;
t→ ce: distant; covenient; evident等;
+ th: long; strong; warm等;
+ ty: safe; cruel等;
able → ability: responsible; capable; relable等;
易错:
wise → wisdom curious → curiosity
3.3 n.→ n.
直接加ist:art; special等;
去e加ist:style; type等;
去y加ist:psycology; ecology等;
直接加hood:child; adult等;

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