资源简介 (共50张PPT)全国卷高考-读后续写专题Outline读后续写核心思路:培养转折思维“文似看山不喜平”,来自清代袁枚《随园诗话》,意思是写文章好比观赏山峰那样,喜欢起伏,不喜欢平坦。很多侦探小说为什么吸引我们?请看下面的写法:A经过半年的不懈努力,终于发现是谁在上次的车祸中做了手脚,然而就在A以为自己找到了答案之后,却无意中发现:这个人和死者一点儿关系也没有。自己的判断错了,那么到底是谁杀死了死者?一切仿佛回到了原点,然而,A想起了曾经见过B和死者一起驱车前往湿地公园,B当时穿着的是公司的制服,于是A又开始对B进行调查......在这个故事中,我们可以感受到悬念的变化,从发现答案到推翻之前的猜测,一切回到原点,再到发现新线索,于是将原来的悬念嫁接到了新的线索上面,如此一来,听者的胃口也会被新线索和新的悬念吊了起来。我们在写读后续写中,没有必要制造这么多悬念。我们只需要学习这种制造悬念的思维,并且学会使用这种思维的“低配版”:转折。其实,我们经常看到读后续写范文中的一些常见“套路”,比如主人公在森林里,一般会“迷路”;在大街上开车,一般会遇到“堵车”;在大海上,一般会遇到台风等等。也就是说,在读后续写中,人物角色必须克服 挑战,以达到他们的目标 。读后续写的情节设计中,如何融入“转折”?总体而言,这种“转折”主要分为两种:由“负”变“正”型;由“正”变“负”型。当然最多的是第一种:由“负”变“正”型。原因很简单,读后续写最终需要正能量的结局,总体的走向就是:由“负”变“正”型。举例一如果你要描写一个小男孩,需要在全班背诗,你会怎么写呢?有些同学可能会非常平淡的写:他是如何克服紧张,最终成功的背出诗歌。He stepped onto the stage and was about to speak up when the boys burst into laughter. They thought he would undoubtedly fail in the recitation.However, it turned out that Tom did not miss a single word and recited the poem perfectly.他走上舞台,正要大声说话,这时孩子们突然大笑起来。他们认为他无疑的背诵会失败。然而,原来汤姆一个字也没漏掉,就完美地背诵了这首诗。这个例子属于“负”变“正”的模式。由同学们的“嘲笑怀疑”变成背诵成功。举例二主人公是位老人,想重新回到学校学习认字。这时候他走进了学校。如果你来写,会怎么写呢?有些同学可能会非常平淡的写:“我”激动地走进教室,然后非常认真学习起来。当然这样写没有错,但是少了“起伏”。我们先来看下面的范文:The moment I stepped into the school gate, I was overwhelmed with excitement. However, I was soon trapped in self-doubt: Am I too old to learn 我一走进学校,就兴奋了。然而,我很快就陷入了自我怀疑之中:我是不是太老了,学不懂怎么办?这个例子属于“正”变“负”的模式。先走进学校“兴奋”,然后转折,陷入到“自我怀疑”之中。如果继续往下写,主人公会受到某种鼓励,消除自我怀疑,最后“自信”地学习。举例三主人公“我”是一名学生,之前在学校犯了一个错误。此时老师递给“我”一封信。“我”会是什么反应呢?Mrs. Yang handed me an envelope, which definitely added to my anxiety at that moment. However , when I opened it and read the letter, my eyes went wide open. It was not a letter of warning. On the letter were several suggestions about my studying.老师递给我一个信封,这无疑增加了我当时的焦虑。然而,当我打开它读信时,我的眼睛睁开了。这不是一封警告信。在这封信上有几个关于我的学习的建议。这个例子属于“负”变“正”的模式。由以为要被处分的“焦虑”变成,得知真相后的“感动”。举例四本故事中Farifax深夜开车回家,途中又累又困,于是违章停车,想休息一下,结果被警察逮住,接下来怎么写呢?Mr. Fairfax lowered his head with a sigh, ready for a ticket. Unexpectedly, the police added, “But I’ll figure out some place for you have a good rest though.”Wild with joy, Farifax accepted his offer without hesitation., following him to drive his car to somewhere warm.费尔法克斯先生叹了口气,准备买一张票。出乎意料的是,警方补充说,“不过我想找个地方让你好好休息一下。”法里法克斯欣喜若狂,毫不犹豫地接受了他的提议。,跟着他开车开到一个温暖的地方。这个例子属于“负”变“正”的模式。主人公由开始的“焦虑”,原以为会被警察罚款,最后变“感动”:警察帮他找到温暖的地方。举例五哥哥Ali通过比赛为妹妹赢得了一双新鞋子。当妹妹看到新鞋子后,会是什么反应呢?大部分同学都会写妹妹看到鞋子很开心。When a pair of shinning new shoes came into her sight, she bounced up and let out a yell of joy. However, at sight of the bruise on Ali’s knee, her smile froze with tears welling up in her eyes.当一双闪亮的新鞋来到她的视线中时,她跳了起来,发出了一声喜悦的叫声。然而,看到阿里膝盖上的瘀伤,她的微笑冻结了,泪水涌起。这个例子属于“正”变“负”的模式。由看到鞋子时候的“高兴”,转变为妹妹看到伤痕时的“伤心落泪”。举例六故事中我们迷路了,正在想办法如何脱离困境。Suddenly it occurred to us that we could keep to the track to guide us back. But it was getting darker and darker, thus making it increasingly difficult for us to make out the road.突然我们想到我们可以坚持小路引导我们回去。但天色越来越暗,使我们走道路越来越困难。这个例子属于“正”变“负”的模式。迷路后,想到了办法,属于“正向”,但是外在环境不允许:天色太晚。属于“负向”。举例七主人公是代课老师,喝完咖啡后,不小心将车钥匙和手机锁在车内。麦当劳里的经理是位好心人,他开车送“我”回学校上课。这个过程,怎么描写更吸引人呢?He started his car immediately and it ran on the road smoothly at the beginning. However, after two crossings , we saw a traffic jam right ahead of us. I was anxious. thinking it was impossible to arrive at the classroom in time.他立刻发动了车,车一开始它就开得很顺利。然而,经过两次十字路口后,我们看到了正前方的交通堵塞。我很焦虑。认为不可能及时到达教室。这个例子属于“正”变“负”的模式。刚开始“顺利”行驶,后面遇到了交通堵塞。Tony let her go and disappeared from sight. It was then that Claire realized that Tony had opened the curtains of the front window. Her guests had seen everything! The women were impressed by Claire, the house and the delicious cuisine. What a sweet victory to be envied by those women! Then she remembered--Tony was just a machine. She shouted "Leave me alone"and ran to her bed. She cried all night. The next morning a car drove up and took Tony away. Even though Tony had been so clever, he would have to be rebuilt-you cannot have women falling in love with machines.How different is it from your ending What will happen next Claire: sad forget Tony: return be rebuilt Larry: sad surprised angry divorce Claire …DiscussionYou should begin as:With the car driving away, Claire’s heart ached, tears streaming down her cheeks. _______________________________________________________________________The moment Larry came home, he surprisingly found that…___________________________________________________________________________________________With the car driving away, Claire’s heart ached, tears streaming down her cheeks. ……Suddenly, she heard the door open. It was Larry coming back from the business trip!The moment Larry came home, he surprisingly found that ……Tony never came back after that. Soon Claire’s life was back to normal, but the unforgettable memory he left to her would always remain.第一步:初定结局第二步:情节设计(融入转折)第三步:情感描绘(动作+心理)第四步:句式升级(五大绝招)读后续写:情感描写六大秘诀秘诀(一):情感是人“手”我们来看下面几个例句:(1)Fear gripped her heart.她心中充满恐惧 。(grip抓住)(2)Jealousy seized her. 她妒火中烧。(seize抓住)(3)A wild joy took hold of her. 她十分快乐。(4)A feeling of panic seized her.她突然惊慌失措。(5)Anxiety tore her into pieces.她焦虑不安身心憔悴。(tore是tear的过去式,表“撕扯”)(6)Anger and bitterness covered upon me for weeks.我好几周都沉浸在愤怒和痛苦中。(bitterness是bitter“痛苦的”名词形式)Enthusiasm gets the better of me.我太激动了。(enthusiasm n.热情)2. Boredom often gets the best of them.他们常感到非常无聊。(boredom n.无聊)3. His curiosity got the better of him .他异常好奇。(curiosity n.好奇心)秘诀(二) :情感是对手我们来看下面几个例句:(1)Worrying deprived him of sleep.他焦虑万分,难以入睡。(2)Excitement deprived me of all power of speech.我激动得什么话都说不出来。(3)Astonishment and horror oppressed her.她惊恐不安。( oppress 压迫)(4)Anger and bitterness had preyed upon me continually.我感到愤怒和痛苦。(prey本意是“捕猎”,在这里引申为“折磨”。非常形象的表达,“愤怒”和“痛苦”像猎人一样,而“我”成了猎物,不就是我被这两种情绪折磨着吗?)秘诀(三):情感是压迫者(1)Happiness crawls up to the tips of his brows.他喜上眉梢。(字面意思是“幸福爬到他的眉毛尖”)(2)A slight feeling of fear slowly crept on him.他慢慢感到一丝恐惧。(crept是creep过去式,意思是“爬”)(3)Self-doubt began to gnaw away at her confidence. 自我怀疑正在蚕食她的自信心。(4)Fear swallowed her. 她非常惊恐。(字面意思是“恐惧吞掉了我”,是不是很形象?)(1)Joy shone from his brow.他喜上眉梢。(2)Happiness radiates from her face. 荣光换发。(radiate发散,发光)(3)Smile spread across his face. 他满脸笑容。当然还有用“人或物”作主语的(4)She has been in a dark mood this week.她这周心情一直不好。( a dark mood 用黑暗来形容心情mood,当然是“心情不好”。)(5)His face clouded over when he heard the news.听了这个消息,他满脸愁云。(这个句子把云cloud这个名词当做动词用,over覆盖,cloud over这个词组把“乌云密布”这种形象就表现出来了)秘诀(六):情感是液体(1)Panic surged up within him .他惶恐不安。(surge涌起,字面的意思是“恐惧在他身体里涌起”)(2)The terrible scene filled her with fear.恐怖的场景使她十分害怕。(3)A wave of panic swept over her.一阵惊恐袭上她的心头。(4)The loneliness and grief comes in waves. 阵阵孤独与痛苦袭上心头。当然还有用“人”做主语的:(1)His heart is overflowing with joy.他满怀喜悦。(2)I could feel anger boiling up inside me.我感到怒火中烧。(字面意思是:“愤怒”已经“boil沸腾了”)(3)He was brimming with sorrow when she left him .她离开他时,他满怀悲伤。(brim是“边缘”的意思,作动词表示“溢出”。悲伤这种情绪从内心溢出来了。)【情境一】一想到接下来的生活没有Tony,Claire满怀悲伤。我们可以这样写:A wave of sorrow surged up inside Claire as she thought of the life without Tony.Claire was brimming with sorrow when she thought of the life without Tony.Bitterness tore her into pieces when thinking of the life without Tony.综合演练【情境二】当Claire 看到Tony 给她留下的字条,忍不住感动而流泪。After reading the note, gratitude got the better of Claire, and moistened her eyes.【情境三】当他知道发生这些天发生了什么事情时,Larry满脸愁云。His face clouded over when he knew what had happened these days.With the car driving away, Claire’s heart ached, tears streaming down her cheeks. Bitterness tore her into pieces when thinking of the life without Tony. There was a moment when Claire wanted to chase after the car, but she didn’t. She returned to her room sadly, only to find a note on her bedside table, which was written “Claire, I have to leave, but I hope you can always be happy.” After reading the note, gratitude got the better of Claire, and moistened her eyes. Suddenly, she heard the door open. It was Larry coming back from the business trip!The moment Larry came home, he surprisingly found that both his house and his wife were much more elegant than before. However, his face clouded over when he knew what had happened these days. He didn’t expect that Claire would fall in love with a robot. He got close to Claire and hugged her tightly, patting her head,“ my dear, Tony is just a machine, let's forget it. All would be better!”. Tony never came back after that. Soon Claire’s life was back to normal, but the unforgettable memory he left to her would always remain.读后续写:句子扩写5大绝招不少同学在造句子的时候,有以下的苦恼:1.句子简单2.无话可说3.语言苍白无力4.无法得到阅卷老师青睐。其中“句子太简单”是一个比较普遍的问题。有的同学也不是不愿意写长句子,而是怕写错!怕有语法错误。今天我们这节课,我就用句子扩写的诀窍,手把手教大家在读后续写中写出高分句子。“句子扩写”是指在主干的基础上添枝加叶,让句子内容更丰富,句子表达更形象。今天我会教给大家五大绝招,让一个简单句子,立刻变复杂,而且保证没有语法错误!是不是很期待呢!?我们马上开始吧!读后续写:句子扩写5大绝招为了让大家更容易看清这些方法,本节课从始至终,我会用下面这个简单句子来举例说明:The girl unwrapped her gift box.女孩打开了她的礼品盒。这里unwrap表示打开,相当于open。wrap是个动词:“包裹”。un是个前缀,表示“否定”。un+wrap,就表示:不包裹了,即“打开”。04/第4招:加With 复合结构03/第3招:加非谓语动词02/第2招:加介词短语01/第1招:加形容词05/第5招:加定语从句目录第1招:加形容词01这里的形容词,范围比较广,可以是一个形容词,也可以是:并列形容词或者形容词短语。我们来看下面三个例句:The innocent girl unwrapped her delicate gift box.这个天真的女孩打开了她精致的礼盒。( 这里的innocent天真的,是个形容词,作用是修饰名词girl)Curious and excited, the girl unwrapped her gift box.这个女孩好奇而兴奋,打开了她的礼品盒。(curious and excited是并列的形容词,放在句子开头,作状语,表现了小女孩打开礼品盒时候的心理状态:好奇而兴奋!)第1招:加形容词Full of joy, the girl unwrapped her gift box. 女孩满心喜悦,打开了她的礼品盒。形容词短语full of joy, 放在句子开头,作状语,作用跟上一句一样,体现了小女孩的内心喜悦的状态。第1招:加形容词第2招:加介词短语02先看下面两个例句:Without any hesitation, the girl unwrapped her gift box.那女孩毫不犹豫地打开了她的礼品盒。In surprise, the girl unwrapped her gift box. 那女孩惊讶地打开了她的礼盒。这两个句子中两个介词短语Without any hesitation毫不犹豫和in surprise惊讶地,也是为动作unwrap服务的,句首做状语,体现了打开礼品盒时候伴随着的心理状态。第3招:加非谓语动词03第3招:加非谓语动词这种结构,在句子开头出现doing sth, 我们在前面的课程中,也提到过。请看下面的例句:Screaming with excitement, the girl unwrapped her gift box.那女孩兴奋地尖叫着,打开了她的礼品盒。Screaming with excitement(兴奋地尖叫)在句首做状语。需要注意的是,这种非谓语动词结构也可以放在句中,句尾,如果放在句中,需要一前一后出现两个逗号。请看下面两句:The girl, screaming with excitement, unwrapped her gift box. (放在句中,有两个逗号)The girl unwrapped her gift box, screaming with excitement. (放在句尾)我们再来看下面一个句子:Held by her mom, the girl unwrapped her gift box.女孩被她妈妈抱着,打开了她的礼品盒。这里没有用doing,而是用了done, 即held,为什么呢?因为hold“抱着”这个动作和女孩the girl之间形成了被动关系,所以就用 done的形式。第5招:加With 复合结构With her mouth wide open, the girl unwrapped her gift box.那女孩张大了嘴巴,打开了她的礼盒。With her heart beating wildly, the girl unwrapped her gift box. 女孩心怦跳动,打开她的礼盒。在这里,需要引申一个知识点,就是with的复合结构,也可放在一个名词的后面充当定语,请看例句:The girl with long black hair unwrapped her delicate gift box.那个黑色长发的女孩打开了她那精致的礼品盒。在主语girl后添加with long black hair作定语,能更形象地描写the girl的特征。第5招:加定语从句05定语从句放在名词的后面,为名词添加了更多的修饰信息。比如The girl unwrapped her gift box which she had been looking forward to.女孩打开了她一直期待的礼品盒。The girl unwrapped her gift box which was tied with red ribbon.那女孩打开了她用红丝带系好的礼品盒。我们最后来一个超级大挑战,把上面的方法融合在一起,形成一个超级长句。先回忆一下原句:The girl unwrapped her gift box.那女孩打开了她的礼盒。With her heart beating wildly, the innocent girl, held by her mom and screaming with excitement, unwrapped her delicate gift box which she had been looking forward to without any hesitation.这个天真的女孩的心疯狂地跳动着,被妈妈抱着,兴奋地尖叫着,打开了她一直期待着的精致的礼品盒。综合演练Thank You! 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览