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Unit 2 Starting out & Understanding ideas课文要点全解
1 Seeing yourself through other people’s eyes 通过别人的眼睛审视自己
(1) yourself 【反身代词】你自己
复数形式：yourselves 你们自己
反身代词多用于动词或介词后作宾语，强调“某人自己”，反身代词应与自己的逻辑主语在人称和数上保持一致。
You should learn to live by yourself.
你应该学会独立生活。
Boys and girls,when you leave your parents, you should look after yourselves. 孩子们，当你们离开父母时，你们应该照顾好自己。
(2) through 【介词】
①以；凭借
He got good grades through hard work.
他通过努力学习取得了好成绩。
②穿过；贯穿
The path led through the trees to the river.这条小路穿过树林通往那条河。
2 Looks 外貌
look 【名词】
①相貌，外表；样子，外观
She has a beautiful look.她有美丽的相貌。
He lost his looks in later life.
他英俊的相貌在晚年已不复存在。
②看；瞧
have/take a look at...看一看……
Here,have a look at this. 来，看一看这个。
3 There is very little we can do alone. 我们独自能做的事情非常少。
辨析: alone 与 lonely
alone 副词 单独；独自 强调客观情况，数量上只有一个
形容词 单独的；独自的
lonely 形容词 孤独的；寂寞的 强调主观感受，指心灵上的孤独，具有伤感色彩
荒凉的，人迹罕至的 用来说明地方荒凉
He lives alone but he doesn’t feel lonely.
他独自生活，但并不感到孤独。
She was alone in the dark room.
她独自一人待在那黑暗的房间里。
It’s a lonely beach.
那是一个人迹罕至的海滩。
(2025·黑龙江绥化中考)
—The old man lives ______, so he may feel ______.
—We should visit him twice a month.
A.alone; lonely
B.lonely; alone
C.alone; alone
解析 我们可用“用法辨析法”解答此题。
alone 副词，意为“独自”；lonely 形容词，意为“孤独的”，有一定的感彩。第一空修饰动词 lives，应用副词 alone；第二空表示感到孤独，feel 后接形容词，应用 lonely。故选 A。句意：“这位老人独自生活，所以他可能会感到孤独。”“我们应该一个月去看望他两次。”
答案 A
4 Do you have any problems in getting along with others 你在与他人相处时遇到过什么问题吗？
get along with 与……相处
与 get on with 同义。
get along well with sb(= get on well with sb) 与某人相处融洽
How are you getting along/on with your friends
你和你的朋友们相处得如何？
He’s getting along well with his classmates.
他和他的同班同学相处得很好。
拓展 get along/on with 还可译为“进展”。
How are you getting along/on with your English study
你的英语学得如何？
5 What caused these differences 是什么导致了这些不同？
cause
①[及物动词] 造成；引起
① cause sth 引起某事
The heavy rain caused floods in many areas.大雨在许多地区引发了洪水。
② cause sb/sth to do sth 导致某人/某物做某事
The accident didn’t cause him to change his mind.
这次意外并没有使他改变主意。
The cold weather caused some plants to die.寒冷的天气冻死了一些植物。
③ cause sth for sb/sth 给某人/某物造成……
The drought is causing problems for many farmers.
干旱给许多农民带来问题。
6 What are these inventions 这些发明是什么？
invention （可数名词）发明；发明物
动词形式为 invent，意为“发明；创造”。
the four great inventions of ancient China 中国古代四大发明
His inventions saved many lives.
他的发明挽救了许多人的生命。
拓展 inventor（名词）发明家
The inventor invented many useful inventions.
这位发明家发明了许多有用的发明物。
（2025·黑龙江牡丹江一模）
The modern______（invent）have changed our life greatly.
解析 根据 have changed our life greatly 及所给词可知，此处是指现代“发明”，此处作主语，应用 invent 的名词形式 invention；由 have 可知，应用名词复数 inventions。句意：现代发明极大地改变了我们的生活。
答案 inventions
练习题
类型一：单词释义匹配 (Definition Matching)
将单词或短语与其中文释义正确匹配。
1. yourself
2. through
3. look
4. alone
5. lonely
6. get along with
7. cause
8. invention
9. inventor
10. difference
A. 独自的（客观）
B. 你自己
C. 通过；穿过
D. 相貌；看
E. 孤独的（主观）
F. 与……相处
G. 造成；引起
H. 发明
I. 发明家
J. 不同
类型二：词形转换 (Word Form Transformation)
根据括号内的提示，用单词的适当形式填空。
1. You should learn to take care of __________ (you).
2. He succeeded __________ (through) hard work and determination.
3. Let me have a __________ (look) at your new phone.
4. The old man lives __________ (alone) in a small house.
5. She felt __________ (lonely) after her friends moved away.
6. How do you __________ (get along) your new classmates
7. The heavy rain __________ (cause) the river to flood.
8. The telephone is a great __________ (invent).
9. Thomas Edison was a famous __________ (invent).
10. There are many __________ (different) between the two cultures.
类型三：短语填空 (Phrase Filling)
用方框内短语的适当形式填空。
through hard work, have a look, live alone, feel lonely, get along with, cause problems, great inventions, famous inventor, look after yourself, by yourself
1. He achieved success __________ and persistence.
2. Can I __________ at your photo album
3. My grandmother prefers to __________ rather than live with family.
4. Even in a crowd, sometimes people can __________.
5. It's important to __________ your coworkers in the office.
6. The storm may __________ for travelers.
7. The computer and internet are __________ that changed the world.
8. Alexander Graham Bell was the __________ of the telephone.
9. When you're away from home, you need to __________.
10. Can you finish this project __________
类型四：单项选择 (Multiple Choice)
1. You should believe in ______ and your abilities.
A. yourself
B. through
C. look
D. alone
2. We learned about the culture ______ reading and traveling.
A. yourself
B. through
C. look
D. alone
3. Let me take a ______ at your homework.
A. yourself
B. through
C. look
D. alone
4. She prefers to work ______ in the library.
A. yourself
B. through
C. look
D. alone
5. The ______ child wished for friends to play with.
A. yourself
B. through
C. look
D. lonely
6. It's important to ______ well with your family members.
A. get along with
B. through
C. look
D. alone
7. The earthquake ______ widespread damage to the city.
A. yourself
B. through
C. caused
D. alone
8. The light bulb was an important ______ in history.
A. yourself
B. through
C. look
D. invention
9. Marie Curie was a brilliant ______ and scientist.
A. yourself
B. through
C. inventor
D. alone
10. There are significant ______ between the two proposals.
A. yourself
B. through
C. look
D. differences
类型五：完成句子 (Sentence Completion)
根据中文提示，完成句子。
1. 通过别人的眼睛审视自己
Seeing yourself __________ other people's eyes
2. 我们独自能做的事情非常少。
There is very little we can do __________.
3. 你在与他人相处时遇到过什么问题吗？
Do you have any problems in __________ others
4. 是什么导致了这些不同？
What __________ these differences
5. 这些发明是什么？
What are these __________
6. 你应该学会独立生活。
You should learn to live __________.
7. 他通过努力学习取得了好成绩。
He got good grades __________ hard work.
8. 他独自生活，但并不感到孤独。
He lives __________ but he doesn't feel __________.
9. 他和他的同班同学相处得很好。
He's __________ his classmates.
10. 他的发明挽救了许多人的生命。
His __________ saved many lives.
类型六：同义句转换 (Sentence Transformation)
根据要求改写句子，保持句意基本不变。
1. You need to learn to be independent. (用by yourself改写)
You need to learn to live __________.
2. By means of practice, she improved her skills. (用through改写)
__________ practice, she improved her skills.
3. Let me examine your passport. (用have a look改写)
Let me __________ your passport.
4. He resides by himself in the countryside. (用alone改写)
He __________ in the countryside.
5. She experiences solitude in the big city. (用lonely改写)
She __________ in the big city.
6. How is your relationship with your neighbors (用get along with改写)
How do you __________ your neighbors
7. The accident resulted in three injuries. (用cause改写)
The accident __________ three injuries.
8. The creation of the printing press changed history. (用invention改写)
The __________ of the printing press changed history.
9. The creator of this device won a Nobel Prize. (用inventor改写)
The __________ of this device won a Nobel Prize.
10. There are various distinctions between the methods. (用differences改写)
There are many __________ between the methods.
答案
类型一：单词释义匹配
1. B
2. C
3. D
4. A
5. E
6. F
7. G
8. H
9. I
10. J
类型二：词形转换
1. yourself
2. through
3. look
4. alone
5. lonely
6. get along with
7. caused
8. invention
9. inventor
10. differences
类型三：短语填空
1. through hard work
2. have a look
3. live alone
4. feel lonely
5. get along with
6. cause problems
7. great inventions
8. famous inventor
9. look after yourself
10. by yourself
类型四：单项选择
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
5. D
6. A
7. C
8. D
9. C
10. D
类型五：完成句子
1. through
2. alone
3. getting along with
4. caused
5. inventions
6. by yourself
7. through
8. alone; lonely
9. getting along well with
10. inventions
类型六：同义句转换
1. by yourself
2. Through
3. have a look at
4. lives alone
5. feels lonely
6. get along with
7. caused
8. invention
9. inventor
10. differences

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