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(共42张PPT)
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单元主题范畴：人与社会
单元主题内容：良好的人际关系和人际交往
(2024新版)人教版 八年级(上册)
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Learning Objectives
1.掌握文中重点词汇（similar, mirror, difference, novels, sense 等）、短语（thanks to, make a mistake 等）的含义与用法; 理解文本中 Matt 和 Diana 对朋友“相似与不同”的观点及支撑细节。(学习理解)
2. 借助略读、精读，掌握提取主旨、梳理细节的阅读策略，提升阅读效率与信息捕捉能力; 运用表格和思维导图梳理马特和戴安娜的观点内容，以第一或第三人称视角复述马特和戴安娜关于朋友的看法。 (应用实践)
3.引导学生尊重友谊中的差异，学会从不同朋友处学习，培养包容、开放的交友态度，珍惜多样友谊。(迁移创新)
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Guess the meaning of these sayings.
A friend in need is a friend indeed.
A faithful friend is hard to find.
A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart.
真正的朋友会在你需要时给予帮助，让你感动。
A good friend is like a mirror.
知音难觅。
患难见真情。
良友如镜。
What are these sayings about
[ m r r] 镜子
Friends!
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Let’s enjoy a video and answer the question.
What is this song about
Do you have a friend
Who’s your friend
What does he/she look like
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What aspects can we talk about when we describe a friend
Appearance
Personality
Habit
Strength
Are you similar to or different from your friends
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Are you similar to or different from your friends In what ways
Differences(差异）:
Use comparatives
(运用比较级)
Similarities（相似）:
We are both….
He\She is as ... as me.
I'm quite similar to my friends in several ways.
We are both outgoing and like to make new friends. We also have similar hobbies and interests. For example, we all like sports and enjoy listening to music together.
I'm quite different from my friends in several ways.
He is more hard-working than me, so he often helps me with my homework. I am funnier than her, and I often
make him laugh happily.
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Let’s enjoy another video and answer the questions.
What’s the relationship between Nezha and Ao
Bing
Is Nezha similar to or different from Ao Bing In what ways
They’re friends.
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Is Nezha similar to or different from Ao Bing In what ways
Appearance
Personality
Habit
Strength
Nezha is shorter than Ao Bing.
Ao Bing has longer hair than Nezha.
Nezha is more outgoing.
Nezha is shyer and quieter.
Nezha is as brave as Ao Bing. =They are both brave.
Ao Bing works harder than Nezha.
Ao Bing gets up earlier than Nezha.
Nezha is better at using fire, but Ao Bing is better at using ice.
Both of them like kicking shuttlecock.
They are similar
but also different.
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Are you similar to or different from your friends In what ways
1a
●tall
●strong
●short hair
...
●get up early
●work hard
...
●quiet
●outgoing
●serious
...
●run fast
●sing well
...
Appearance
Personality
Habit
Strength
Share: My best friend is...We are the same/different.We are both...
He/she is as ... as me. He/She is ... than me.But I’m ... than ....
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Here is a _________about friends!
Let’s read to get some information.
What kind of question did Tom raise on this forum
/ f r m/ n. 论坛
Matt and Diana expressed their opinions.
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Read the texts quickly and answer the questions.
1. What’s the type of the text
A. They are emails.
B. They are posts.
C. They are diary entries.
D. They are WeChat chat records.
/ f r m/ n. 论坛
2. Where do you usually see them
comments留言
likes点赞
share分享
Tip：
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Read the texts quickly and answer the questions.
3. Who wrote the post
5. Who replied (回复) the post
Should friends be similar or different
Theme主题
comment留言
comment留言
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1b
Read the posts. What are Matt’s and Diana’s opinions
Matt
Diana
opinion:
__________________________________
opinion:
__________________________________
I think a good friend is like a mirror.
Friends who are different make me better.
□similar □ different
□similar □ different
Friends should be similar.
Friends should be different.
Tip：
A topic sentence
(主旨句) is usually at the first sentence or last sentence.
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Read the passage quickly and answer the questions.
A. By telling stories.
B. By giving examples.
C. By listing numbers.
D. By asking questions.
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Read quickly and find his/her friend.
Stephen
Yuan Lei
Zhang Yong
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Read Matt’s Post and fill in the blanks.
Opinion
Friends should be ________.
Example
Friendship with Stephen
loves sports
Stephen plays
badminton________.
better
Matt tries _________and
gets___________.
harder
better
serious
enjoys reading
Matt reads more ____________
while Stephen reads
a lot of __________.
history books
novels
They_________ interesting books ______each other.
share
with
Effects
Stephen
similar
To support a view,
Matt lists more
useful facts.
列举更多有效的信息
支撑观点。
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How do you understand the saying
好朋友就像一面镜子。
What is a good friend like Complete the sentence.
A good friend is like a mirror.
A good friend is like______
—__________________________
be creative
像
sunshine
you will feel warm as long as it shines on you.
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Read Diana’s post and answer the questions.
Opinion
Friends who are _________
make me better.
different
Example 1:
Friendship with Yuan Lei
Diana Yuan Lei
Differences
Effects(效果)
kind of shy
outgoing, great sense of humor
more outgoing;
finds meeting new people fun
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Read Diana’s post and answer the questions.
Opinion
Friends who are _________
make me better.
different
Friendship with Zhang Yong
Diana Yuan Lei
Differences
Feelings
less straightforward
not afraid to give opinion
glad to have an honest friend
/ stre t f w d/
adj. 坦率的；简单的
Example 2:
To support a view, Diana uses two examples.
为了支持观点，戴安娜
使用了两个例子。
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1c
Read and match the people with the descriptions.
A. reads a lot of novels
B. reads more history books
C. gives direct opinions
D. is kind of shy
E. helps a friend become more outgoing
1. Matt
2. Stephen
3. Diana
4. Yuan Lei
5. Zhang Yong
direct /d rekt; dɑ rekt/
adj. 率直的；直接的
opinion / p nj n/
n. 看法；意见
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1d
Read the posts again and answer the questions.
1.Why does Matt think that a good friend is like a mirror
3.In what ways is Stephen similar to Matt
2.Why is Matt getting better at badminton
Because we can understand people by knowing their friends.
1
3
2
They have similar hobbies and interests. They both love sports. They are both serious. They both enjoy reading.
Because Stephen plays badminton better and Matt tries harder when he practice.
3
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1d
Read the posts again and answer the questions.
5. Why is Diana glad to have an
honest friend
6.How should we treat each other’s
differences
5
6
We should respect each other’s differences and learn from each other.
Because an honest friend is not afraid to give his opinions.
4. How is Yuanlei different from Diana
4
She is outgoing and humorous.
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Some people think that friends should be _______, but some other people think that friends should be different. What do you think Should friends be ________ or different
I think a good friend is like a _________. You can understand people _________ their friends. My friend, Stephen, is a great example. We often __________ together because we have similar ____________________. For example, we both love sports. He plays badminton better than I do, so he always wins our matches. ___________that, I try _________ when I practise, and now I’m _____________ at badminton.
Stephen and I are similar______________. He is_____________ me. When we aren’t playing sports, we enjoy reading together. I read more history books than he ____, and he reads _______________. We often ______ interesting books ______ each other.
Read 1b again and fill in the blanks.
alike
similar
adj.相似的
adj.相像的，类似的
mirror
by knowing
hang out
hobbies and interests
Because of
harder
getting better
/ m r (r)/ n. 镜子
by doing 通过......
闲逛
兴趣爱好
因为
更努力
变得更好
in other ways
as serious as
a lot of novels
with
在......其他方面
一样严肃
许多小说
share...with... 和......分享
share
does
当比较的双方动作相同时，后句常用 do/does/did 代替前句的动词（或动词短语）
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Read 1b again and fill in the blanks.
I don’t agree. For me, friends who are _________ make me better. I think we should respect each other’s ____________ and learn from each other. For example, I am __________shy, but my best friend, Yuan Lei, is outgoing. She has_____________
humour too. __________ her, I am becoming more outgoing. Now I think meeting new people is really fun!
I have another friend, Zhang Yong. He ____not_________ give his _________, especially when he thinks I am ________________. I am __________________ than he is, but I am glad to have _____________ friend.
different
kind of
a great sense of
Thanks to
/ d fr ns/ n. 差异
定语从句
“有点儿、稍微”，修饰形容词或副词
He spoke kind of slowly, so I could understand.
a sense of......一种......的感觉
归功于；由于；因为(+好结果)
be different from 不同于
differences
is afraid to
making a mistake
less straight forward
an honest
be afraid of 害怕......
犯错误
/ n st/ adj. 坦诚的；诚实的
/ stre t f w d/adj. 坦率的；简单的
opinion
/ p nj n/ n. 看法
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Retell the posts according to the information.
Matt’s opinion
A good friend is like…
They both love…
Stephen is as… as Matt.
They enjoy…
Matt and Stephen
Diana’s opinion
Friends who are different make me…
Yuan Lei
She is…and has
a great sense of…
Diana is kind of…, but she is more…now.
Zhang Yong
He gives…when Diana is…
Diana feels…to have a(n)… 　　　　　 friend.
Topic: Should friends be...or...
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1e
Discuss the questions.
Friends may feel closer when there are similarities.They are more likely to trust each other and make the friendship last longer.
Friends with many differences can learn from each other. Different views can help friends think in different ways and make them more understanding.
Honesty, trust and respect really matter in a friendship. Besides that, friends are always ready to help each other and share feelings and thoughts with each other.
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Respect
Support
Trust
Care
What really matters in a friendship
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Should friends be the same or different
Descriptions
(描述)
Opinion
Conclusion
Examples
I think friends should be similar.
I think friends should be different.
For example,...
Similarities
differences
appearance外貌
habit
personality 性格
+
strength
My favorite saying is...
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Work in groups of 4
S1:Opinion
S2:Example
S3:Descriptions
S4:Conclusion
Tip:
1. Include all information and all members involved.
2. We can use “both; as...as...; do sth. together” to show the similarities. We can use Comparative Adjectives(形容词比较级)to show the differences.
Checklist
Activity: Write a passage 互评 师评
Contents Use“both; as...as or Comparative Adjectives”.
Language Correct form(形式正确 )
Accurate meaning( )
Proper use( ）
Performance Be confident
Excellent Good To be improved
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Friends should be alike/similar .
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Friends should be different .
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2a
______________ being afraid to speak in front of people
______________ being friendly and liking to meet people
______________ not wanting to do anything
______________ speaking in a straightforward way
______________ not laughing a lot
______________ putting a lot of time into a job and doing it well
Find the words hidden in the word snake. Then match them with the meanings.
shy
outgoing
lazy
direct
serious
hard-working
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1. The ____________ of Shanghai is much larger than that of Lanzhou.
2. The weather was ____________, with white clouds and warm sunshine.
3. We got great ____________ from the prize we won.
4. We should respect the ____________ in others.
5. I love all fruits, ____________ strawberries.
6. The ____________ height of the students in the class is around 1.6 metres.
7. I enjoy reading books in my ____________ time.
8. It is about three ____________ from my house to school.
average spare differences especially pleasure kilometres population pleasant
population
pleasant
pleasure
differences
especially
average
spare
kilometres
metre / mi t (r)/ (= meter) n. 米
2b
Complete the sentences with the words in the box.
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马克·吐温是美国作家、演说家。代表作品有《百万英镑》。他是美国批判现实主义文学的奠基人。Mark Twain was an American writer and orator. His representative works include "The Million Pound Note". He was the founder of American critical realism literature.
Background
Mark Twain
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The Prince and the Pauper is a famous novel by Mark Twain. It tells the story of Prince Edward and a poor boy named Tom who accidentally switch places. Tom enjoys a life of luxury in the palace and even becomes king for a while, while Edward suffers hardships as a beggar on the streets. With the help of a kind man named Hendon, Edward learns important lessons and grows stronger. In the end, Tom returns the throne to the rightful prince, and Edward becomes a wise and kind king, bringing happiness to his people.
《王子与贫儿》是马克·吐温的代表作，讲述王子爱德华和贫儿汤姆因意外互换身份的故事。汤姆在王宫享受富贵并暂代王位，而爱德华流落民间，历经磨难，在亨顿的帮助下成长。最终汤姆归还王位，爱德华成为仁慈的君主，与子民过上幸福生活。
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2c
Complete the passage with the correct forms of the words in the box.
The prince, Edward, and the poor boy, Tom, are the two characters in Mark Twain’s famous ____________, The Prince and the Pauper. They looked ____________ and both had kind ____________. They exchanged their lives by accident.
During his time as a pauper, Edward learnt to respect others. ____________ this, he also realized that people’s lives were much harder than he expected. After becoming king, he made a ____________by trying to help the people of his country.
novel
alike
personalities
Besides
difference
prince /pr ns/ n. 王子
character / k r kt (r)/ n. 人物；个性
pauper / p p (r)/ n. 贫民；乞丐
exchange / ks t e nd / v. & n. 交换
accident / ks d nt/ n. 意外；（交通）事故
by accident
偶然；意外地
expect / k spekt/
v. 预料；期待
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1. 每个人都可能犯错误，所以不要太紧张。
Everyone may ______ ______ ________, so don't be too nervous.
2. 我们可以互相学习对方的优点。
We can _______ _______ each other's strong points.
3. 我喜欢在空闲时间听音乐。
I _______ ________ ______ _______ in my free time.
4. 因为大雨，我们不得不待在家里。
________ ______ the heavy rain, we had to stay at home.
5. 他在小组讨论中总是积极发表自己的意见。
He always ______ ______ ________ actively in the group discussion.
6. 他很有幽默感，总是让我们发笑。
He has ____ _____ _____ ____ _______ and always makes us laugh.
一、根据汉语提示完成句子。
make a mistake
learn from
enjoy listening to music
Because of
a great sense of humour
gives his opinion
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二、选词填空
study teach different mirror make good serious reach outgoing care
What does a friend mean to you？
For Jeff， he thinks a good friend islike a（n） 1. . He is quieter and 2. than most kids. He never plays jokes with others. He studies harder than the other kids in his class. His best friend is quiet too. So they spend time 3. together. It’s not easy for him 4. friends. And he doesn’t think it’s necessary to have a lot of friends.
Mary thinks a true friend can 5. for her hand and touch her heart. Her best friend is a kind and funny girl. She broke her arm but her friend made her laugh and feel 6. . Mary’s friend 7. about her.
Huang Lei’s best friend is Larry. They are quite 8. from each other. Larry is good at sports and 9. ， but Huang Lei is good at studies and shyer. Huang Lei always gets better grades. He often helps Larry with his homework. Larry 10. him to play tennis.
mirror　
more serious　
studying　
to make　
reach　
better　
cares　
different　
more outgoing　
teaches　
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Must do:
1. Read the passage again. And make your own mind-map to retwll the posts.
2. Compare yourself with your friends and write a passage about your similarities and differences using at least three adjectives you learned.
Choose to do:
Choose one of the sayings that you like best and share it with your friend.
谢谢
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Unit 3 Section B 1a-2c语言点精讲精练
I．语言点精讲
1. We often hang out together because we have similar hobbies and interests. 我们经常一起出去玩，因为我们有相似的爱好和兴趣。
hang out 闲逛；出去玩；待在一起
【拓展】hang的动词短语
(1) hang on 握住不放；坚持住；稍等（常用于电话中）
Hang on tight! The car is turning. 抓紧了！车子要转弯了。
Hang on a second, I need to grab my keys. 稍等一下，我得拿钥匙。
(2) hang around/hang about 闲逛；逗留
We hung around the café discussing plans. 我们在咖啡馆里闲逛，讨论着计划。
He hung about outside the store, not sure whether to go in.
他在商店外面逗留，不确定是否要进去。
(3) hang together 团结一致；相互支持
As a team, we must hang together to win the game.
作为团队，我们必须团结一致赢得比赛。
Their stories don’t hang together—something’s wrong.
他们的说法不一致 —— 有问题。
2. For example, we both love sports. 例如，我们都热爱运动。
For example 用于举例说明，引出具体的例子。可置于句首、句中或句尾，用逗号隔开。
【拓展】同义词 / 短语
(1) For instance
用法：与 for example 几乎完全相同，更正式一些，多用于书面语。
例句：For instance, some birds migrate south in winter.
例如，有些鸟类在冬天会南迁。
(2) Such as
用法：直接列举事物（无需逗号），后接名词或名词短语，不能接句子。
例句：She likes fruits such as apples and bananas.
她喜欢苹果、香蕉之类的水果。
注意：不与 etc. 连用（such as 已包含 “等等” 的含义）。
Like
用法：口语中常用，后接名词或名词短语，相当于 such as。
例句：He enjoys outdoor activities like hiking and camping.
他喜欢徒步、露营之类的户外活动。
3. He plays badminton better than I do, so he always wins our matches. 他羽毛球打得比我好，所以我们比赛时他总是赢。
I read more history books than he does, and he reads a lot of novels. 我读的历史书比他多，而他读了很多小说。
当than前后所使用的动词相同时，通常用助动词代替后面的动词。该助动词也可以省略。
例如：
I’m more outgoing than my sister. 我比我姐姐 / 妹妹更外向。
You know more about yourself than I (do). 你比我更了解你自己。
4. For me, friends who are different make me better. 对我来说，与我不同的朋友会让我变得更好。
who are different是定语从句，修饰先行词 friends。who 是关系代词，指代 friends，在从句中作主语。相当于：friends who are different from me（“与我不同的朋友”），from me 可省略，但语境中隐含比较意义。
【定语从句】
(1)常见的引导词：that, which, who, whom, whose, where, when, why等。
(2)关系代词（在从句中作主语、宾语或定语）：that, which, who, whom, whose
例如：The man who helped me is my teacher.（作主语）
The girl whom you met yesterday is my cousin.（作宾语，可省略）
This is the book which tells us a story.（作主语）
The car that he bought is very expensive.（作宾语，可省略）
The boy whose father is a doctor is my classmate.（作定语）
(2)关系副词（在从句中作状语）：where, when, why
关系副词=介词+which
例如：I’ll never forget the day when we met.（= on which）
This is the house where I lived ten years ago.（= in which）
Do you know the reason why he left （= for which）
5.Some people think that friends should be alike, but some other people think that friends should be different.
有些人认为朋友应该是相似的，但有些人认为朋友应该是不同的。
① alike【形容词】相像的；同义词为 similar，不用于名词前作定语。
② 【副词】相似地
我和母亲在许多方面很相似。
My mother and I are alike in many ways．
这些女孩穿着都很类似。
The girls were all dressed alike．
6.I am less straightforward than he is, but I am glad to have an honest friend.
虽然我没有他那么直率，但我很高兴有一个诚实的朋友。
① 【副词】“less + 形容词 / 副词原级（+ than）” 表示降级比较，相当于 “not as/so... as...” 。less and less“越来越少；越来越小” 。
② 【形容词】 较少的；更少的
③ 【代词】较少；更少
我发现这部电影越来越没意思了。
I found the film less and less interesting．
简的弟弟不如她聪明。
Jane’s brother is less smarter than she is.
= Jane’s brother is not as smart as she is．
7.Thanks to her, I am becoming more outgoing. 多亏了她，我变得更加外向。
① thanks to “归功于；由于”，后接名词或代词，thanks 不可改为 thank you。有时可与 because of 进行同义转换。
② thanks for “因…… 而感谢”，介词 for 后接名词、代词或动词 - ing 形式，表示感谢的原因。thanks 相当于 thank you。
多亏了一些健身应用软件，我们可以每天坚持锻炼。
Thanks to some fitness apps, we can keep exercising every day.
谢谢你把照相机借给我。
Thanks for lending me your camera.
8. They exchanged their lives by accident. 他们偶然交换了人生。
①exchange / ks't e nd /v. & n. 交换
【及物动词】交换；调换 exchange...for... 用…… 换……
② by accident 偶然；意外地 =by chance
反义短语为 on purpose “故意，有意地”。
我在机场偶然遇到了他。
I met him at the airport by accident (= by chance).
我认为她不是故意弄丢了钥匙。
I don't think she lost the key on purpose.
II．语言点精练
一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. There are many ________ (different) between Chinese and American classes.
2. Winter in Chongqing has ________ (little) snowfall than that in Xi’an.
3. He often gets better grades that’s because he is _________ (hard-working) than before.
4. ________ (thank) to the help of the government, farmers in China are living a happier and richer life.
5. To be ________ (honesty), the first lesson was not a great success.
二、根据汉语提示完成句子
1. 所有的舞者都有一个共同点。他们认真对待梦想。
All the dancers ________ ________ ________ ________ ________. They take their dreams seriously.
2. 不要因为犯了一个小错误而对自己感到生气。
Don’t be angry with yourself for ________ ________ ________ ________.
3. 事实上，父母真的关心我们。
In fact, parents truly ________ ________ us.
4. 我的哥哥比我更严肃。
My brother is ________ ________ than me.
5. 朋友说我和我姐姐相似。
My friends say that I am _________ _________ my sister.
三、单项选择
1．In the future, robots will be able to do some jobs ________ than humans, such as working in dangerous environments.
A．good B．well C．better D．best
2．Yesterday morning, I got up much ________ in order to get there on time.
A．early B．earlier C．earliest D．the earliest
3．________ you exercise, ________ you will be.
A．The much; the healthy B．The more; the healthier
C．More; healthier D．The most; the healthier
4．Tianjin has a ________ of over thirteen million.
A．countryside B．population C．mountain D．society
5．They hope people will live a ________ life than before.
A．more pleased B．most pleasant C．more pleasant D．much pleasant
四、阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确的形式填空（每词限用一次）。
though, win, our, touch, tell jokes, old, saying, talented, grade, well
My good friend Laura is my cousin. She is one year 1 than me. She is more hard-working than me and she usually gets good 2 in the tests. We both like reading and swimming. 3 we have a lot in common, we are different from each other. For example, she is more outgoing and likes 4 . She is 5 in singing. She practices singing every day. She often sings in shows quite 6 and I watch her sing many times. We talk about everything together and always share 7 happiness and sadness with each other. My favorite 8 is “A true friend reaches for your hand and 9 your heart”. Laura is a friend like this.
Laura is very busy because she also studies photography in her free time. Last year, she 10 the first prize in the city photo competition. I am lucky that I have so good a friend.
五、完形填空。
What should a good friend be like Should they be very 1._____ to you, or is it better to be different In my opinion, having both similarities and differences makes a friendship more interesting.
My best friend, Tom, and I have many 2._____. We both love reading, and we often share 3._____ with each other. We also have a similar sense of 4._____, so we always laugh at the same jokes. These common 5._____ bring us closer.
However, we are also very different in some ways. For example, Tom is very 6._____ and always says exactly what he thinks. But I am 7._____ straightforward. I usually think more before I speak. Sometimes, Tom's 8._____ opinions even help me see things in a new way. He is also more 9._____ than I am. He isn't shy to talk about his feelings.
I think these 10._____ are important. They help us learn from each other. Our friendship is strong not because we are the same, but because we respect and understand each other.
A. outgoing B. alike C. lazy D. shy
A. opinions B. pleasures C. similarities D. differences
A. mirrors B. novels C. flutes D. prizes
A. sense B. direction C. humour D. joy
A. facts B. interests C. strengths D. appearances
A. serious B. hard-working C. direct D. honest
A. as B. very C. less D. more
A. loud B. shy C. honest D. spare
A. lazy B. pleasant C. slim D. outgoing
A. journeys B. similarities C. differences D. congratulations
六、阅读单选
Tim and Jack were good friends. Sometimes they were kind to each other, but sometimes they were not. But all of their classmates said they were like brothers.
One day, they went out for a walk together. At noon they were very hungry and they went into a restaurant to have lunch. The waiter came up to them and asked, “What can I do for you ”
“Please bring us two apples first, ”said Tim.
When the waiter put two apples on the table, Jack took the bigger one at once. Tim got angry.
“You are impolite, Jack. Why don't you take the smaller one ” Tim said.
“But I am right,” said Jack with a smile. “If I let you take first, which one will you choose ”
“Of course I'll take the smaller one, ”said Tim.
“Yes,” Jack said. “If you take the smaller one, the bigger one will still be mine. Don't you think so ”
“Oh!” Tim couldn't answer.
1．Tim and Jack were _____________
A．always kind to each other. B．sometimes kind to each other
C．twin brothers D．friends in different schools
2．Jack thought only about __________ when they were having lunch.
A．himself B．Tim C．his parents D．his classmates
3．The waiter gave them__________.
A．two eggs B．two apples C．three oranges D．some milk
4．Tim took the________ apple.
A．better B．bigger C．smaller D．worse
5．Who took the apple first
A．Jack. B．Tim. C．Both Tim and Jack. D．The waiter.
七、七选五。
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入文中空白处的最佳选项。（选项中有两项是多余的）
Too many people want others to be their friends, but they don’t give friendship back. That is why some friendships don’t last very long. 1 You must learn to treat (对待) your friend the way you want your friend to treat you. Learning to be a good friend means learning three rules: be true; be generous (慷慨的); be understanding.
Being true is where a good friendship starts. 2 If you don’t tell the truth, people usually find out. Then you may lose your friend’s trust.
Generosity means sharing. You don’t have to give your lunch money or your clothes. But you have to learn how to share things you like—your hobbies and interests. 3 These can be meaningful to a friend. They tell your friend what is important to you. Then your friend can know you better.
Everyone needs help with a problem. Talking about the problem can make it easier to solve. 4 You must try to put yourself in your friend’s place so you can understand the problem better.
5 But all true friendships have three things in common. If you plan to keep your friendships, you must practice being true, generous and understanding.
A．So you must listen and understand.
B．Good friends need to trust each other.
C．Friends make my life more interesting.
D．To have a friend, you must learn to be one.
E．No two friendships are ever exactly similar.
F．You will also need to share your ideas and feelings.
G．Everyone wants to be around people who are nice to them.
八、短文填空
阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。
My name is Julia. I have a twin (双胞胎的) sister. Her name is Lisa. My hair is short, but she has 1 (long) hair than me. Many people think we must be similar to each other. In fact, 2 are many differences between us. Lisa is 3 (quiet) than me. When my parents’ friends come to our house, Lisa often sits on the sofa and says nothing. But I’d like to talk with them loudly.
Lisa likes reading, drawing and cooking, but I enjoy playing volleyball, so she is not 4 good at sports as me. However, Lisa always gets 5 (good) grades than me at school, so my parents often say to me, “Although Lisa is 6 (young) than you, she is 7 (hard-working), and you should learn from her.”
But 8 some ways we are the same. For example (例如), we both like going shopping and listening to music. I like my twin sister. I don’t think everyone is necessary( 必须的) 9 be the same. The differences between people make our life 10 (colorful).
II. 语言点精练参考答案及解析
一、用所给词的适当形式填空
【答案】1. differences 2. less 3. more hard-working 4. Thanks 5. honest
二、根据汉语提示完成句子
【答案】1. have one thing in common 2. making a small mistake 3. care about 4. more serious 5. similar to
三、单项选择
1．In the future, robots will be able to do some jobs ________ than humans, such as working in dangerous environments.
A．good B．well C．better D．best
【答案】C
【详解】句意：在未来，机器人将能够比人类更好地完成一些工作，例如在危险环境中工作。
考查副词的比较级。good好的，形容词原级；well好地，副词原级；better更好，形容词或副词比较级；best最好，形容词或副词最高级。根据“than”可知，此处需用副词比较级形式，修饰动词“do”。故选C。
2．Yesterday morning, I got up much ________ in order to get there on time.
A．early B．earlier C．earliest D．the earliest
【答案】B
【详解】句意：为了准时到达那里，我昨天早上起得早得多。
考查副词比较级。early早；earlier更早；earliest最早；the earliest最早。根据空前的“much”和选项可知，应选比较级形式earlier，表示和以前相比较，much earlier“早得多”。故选B。
3．________ you exercise, ________ you will be.
A．The much; the healthy B．The more; the healthier
C．More; healthier D．The most; the healthier
【答案】B
【详解】句意：你锻炼得越多，你就会越健康。
考查比较级。根据“... you exercise, ... you will be”可知，是指锻炼得越多，就越健康，用“the+比较级，the+比较级”的结构，表示“越……，就越……”。故选B。
4．Tianjin has a ________ of over thirteen million.
A．countryside B．population C．mountain D．society
【答案】B
【详解】句意：天津有一千三百万人口。
考查名词辨析。countryside乡村；population人口；mountain山脉；society社会。根据“over thirteen million”可知，此处是介绍人口，故选B。
5．They hope people will live a ________ life than before.
A．more pleased B．most pleasant C．more pleasant D．much pleasant
【答案】C
【详解】句意：他们希望人们过上比以前更愉快的生活。
考查形容词。pleased高兴的，描述人的感受；pleasant愉快的，修饰事物。根据“...life than”可知，此处用比较级，修饰life，用more pleasant，故选C。
四、阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确的形式填空（每词限用一次）。
【答案】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了“我”有一个好朋友劳拉，我们有一些共同点，也有一些不同之处，但是这丝毫不影响我们的友谊。
1．句意：她比我大一岁。根据“She is one year … than me.”可推断此处表示她比我大一岁，故选old，且根据than可知用比较级older。故填older。
2．句意：她比我更勤奋，她通常会在考试中得到更好的成绩。根据空后“in the tests.”及空前“good”可知此空需填名词复数，备选词grade符合句意。故填grades。
3．句意：虽然我们有着相同的爱好，我们也有不同之处，结合句意和备选词可知，though“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句，首字母要大写。故填Though。
4．句意：例如，她比我外向并喜欢讲笑话。根据“she is more outgoing.”可知，她性格外向，爱讲笑话，空格处是指telling jokes，like doing sth.喜欢做某事。故填telling jokes。
5．句意：她在唱歌方面有天赋。根据短语be talented in“在……有天赋”，结合备选词，talented符合句意。故填talented。
6．句意：她经常在演出中唱歌出色，我看过很多次她唱歌。结合所给单词和“She often sings in shows quite … and I have watched her sing many times.”可知她经常在演出中唱歌表现出色，quite修饰副词，所给词well“很好，出色”符合语境。故填well。
7．句意：我们一起讨论每件事，总是彼此分享快乐和悲伤。根据句意可知应使用形容词性物主代词our修饰名词happiness and sadness。故填our。
8．句意：我最喜欢的名言是“真正的朋友就是能伸出他的手触碰你心灵的人。”。根据句意结合备选词，saying名词“谚语，名言”符合句意，由is可知使用名词的单数形式。故填saying。
9．句意：我最喜欢的名言是“真正的朋友就是能伸出他的手触碰你心灵的人”。根据“A true friend reaches for your hand and … your heart.”可知，and连接两个并列的谓语动词，A true friend是主语，第三人称单数，空格处也应填动词单数形式，touch your heart“触碰你心灵”，备选词touch符合句意。故填touches。
10．句意：去年她赢得一等奖。由时间状语last year可知空格处应填动词的过去式，根据句意结合备选词，win动词“赢得”符合句意。故填won。
五、完形填空
【答案】1-5 BCBCB 6-10 CCCDC
【解析】
1.B. alike：句意“朋友应该和你很相像吗？”，alike（相像的）符合语境。
2.C. similarities：下文“我们都爱阅读”是共同点，故用similarities（相似之处）。
3.B. novels：与上文的“阅读（reading）”直接相关，分享的应是“小说（novels）”。
4.C. humour：a sense of humour（幽默感）是固定搭配，且与“笑点一致”对应。
5.B. interests：共同的“兴趣（interests）”使两人更亲近，与阅读、幽默感等内容呼应。
6.C. direct：与“总是直言不讳（says exactly what he thinks）”意思一致。
7.C. less：But表示转折，说明我不如Tom直率，用比较级less。
8.C. honest：诚实（honest）的意见能帮助我从新的角度看问题。
9.D. outgoing：与“不羞于谈论感受”对应，形容性格“外向（outgoing）”。
10.C. differences：总结段，重申“差异（differences）”是重要的，与开头观点呼应。
六、阅读单选
【答案】1．细节理解题。根据短文的开头Tim and Jack were good friends. Sometimes they were kind to each other, but sometimes they were not.可知，Tim和Jack有时候对彼此很好，但有时候又不好。由此可知应选B。
2．推理判断题。根据短文中When the waiter put two apples on the table, Jack took the bigger one at once.可知，他们一起吃午饭的时候，服务员先拿来两个苹果，Jack马上就拿走了大的那个。由此可知，他只想着他自己，没有想他的朋友，故应选A。
3．细节理解题。根据短文中When the waiter put two apples on the table…可知，服务员给他们拿来了两个苹果，因此应选B。
4．细节理解题。根据短文中“Of course I'll take the smaller one, ”said Tim.可知，Tim会拿那个更小一点的苹果。故应选C。
5．细节理解题。根据短文中When the waiter put two apples on the table, Jack took the bigger one at once.可知，当服务员拿来两个苹果的时候，Jack马上先拿走了较大的那个。因此是Jack先拿的苹果，故应选A。
七、七选五
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．F 4．A 5．E
【导语】本文主要讲述了发展一份真正友谊的三个原则：诚实，慷慨和理解。
1．根据空前“That is why some friendships don’t last very long”和空后“You must learn to treat your friend the way you want your friend to treat you”可知，此处讲的是对朋友应该怎么做，选项D“要有朋友，先得学会自己做一个朋友”符合语境。故选D。
2．根据“If you don’t tell the truth, people usually find out. Then you may lose your friend’s trust”可知，此处与“朋友之间要真诚”有关，选项B“好朋友需要彼此信任”符合语境。故选B。
3．根据“But you have to learn how to share things you like—your hobbies and interests”可知，此处与分享有关，选项F“你也将需要分享你的想法和感受”符合语境。故选F。
4．根据空前“Talking about the problem can make it easier to solve”和空后“You must try to put yourself in your friend’s place so you can understand the problem better”可知，此处是解决问题时的建议，选项A“所以你必须倾听和理解”符合语境。故选A。
5．根据“But all true friendships have three things in common”可知，此处与该句的句意相反，讲的是不同之处，选项E“没有两种友谊是完全相似的”符合语境。故选E。
八、短文填空
【答案】
1．longer 2．there 3．quieter 4．as 5．better 6．younger 7．more hard-working 8．in 9．to 10．more colorful
【导语】本文主要介绍了我和双胞胎妹妹的外貌、性格特点及不同之处。
1．句意：我的头发很短，但她的头发比我的长。根据“than”一词可知，空处需比较级，long“长的”的比较级为longer。故填longer。
2．句意：事实上，我们之间有很多不同。根据“...are many differences between us.”可知，空处考查there be句型，故填there。
3．句意：Lisa比我安静。根据句中“than”一词可知，空处需比较级。quiet“安静的”的比较级为quieter。故填quieter。
4．句意：Lisa喜欢读书、画画和烹饪，但我喜欢打排球，所以她在运动方面不如我好。根据“...good at sports as me.”可知，考查as...as...用法，表示“和……一样”，故填as。
5．句意：然而，Lisa在学校比我成绩更好，所以我父母经常对我说，“虽然Lisa比你小，但她更勤奋，你应该向她学”。根据“than”一词可知，空处需用good的比较级better。故填better。
6．句意：然而，Lisa在学校比我成绩更好，所以我父母经常对我说，“虽然Lisa比你小，但她更勤奋，你应该向她学”。根据“than”一词可知，空处需young的比较级younger。故填younger。
7．句意：然而，Lisa在学校比我成绩更好，所以我父母经常对我说，“虽然Lisa比你小，但她更勤奋，你应该向她学”。根据“ ...(young) than you”可知，空处是两者比较，需比较级，hard-working“勤奋的”的比较级为more hard-working。故填more hard-working。
8．句意：但在某些方面，我们是相同的。in some ways表示“在某些方面”，为固定搭配。故填in。
9．句意：我认为并不需要每个人都是一样的。根据“I don’t think everyone is necessary( 必须的)...be the same.”可知，空处需动词不定式to be，be动词已给出，故填to。
10．句意：人们之间的差异使我们的生活更加丰富多彩。根据句意可知，空处含比较意味，需colorful“丰富多彩的”的比较级more colorful。故填more colorful。
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