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(共35张PPT)
Unit 4 natural disasters
Grammar
定语从句
The Attributive Clause
什么是定语？
修饰名词或代词的成分：前置定语Vs后置定语
什么是定语从句？
由关系词引导从句中充当定语
The beautiful girl is said to be a famous singer.
The girl wearing a red dress is said to be a famous singer.
The girl dressed in red is said to be a famous singer.
The girl in red is said to be a famous singer.
The girl who is wearing a red dress is said to be a famous singer.
The girl who is dressed in red is said to be a famous singer.
先行词
引导词
引导定语从句
代替先行词在其引导的定语从句中充当一定的句子成份
关系词
This is a shop that/which sells personal computers.
The watch (that/ which) I bought yesterday works well.
An architect is a person who/ that designs houses and buildings.
The player (whom/who/that) I beat in the game was a seed player.
Shakespeare whose plays are popular was a great writer.
在从句中作主语，指代shop
在从句中作宾语，指代watch,可省略
在从句中作主语，指代person
在从句中作宾语，指代player，可省略
在从句中作定语，指代Shakespeare，表Shakespeare’s
关系代词功能
连词：连接主句和从句
代词：替代先行词，在从句中做（主、宾、表、定）
The shop sells personal computers.
I bought the watch yesterday.
A person designs houses and buildings.
I beat the player in the game.
Shakespeare's plays are popular.
关系代词的用法
关系代词在从句中可以：
指人 指物 subject (主语) object (宾语) attribute（定语）
whom
who
which
that
whose
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
何时可以省略？
做宾语时可以省略
在定语从句中的作用
I still remember the day when/ on which we first met.
The city where/ in which I was born is on the new railway line.
The is the reason why/ for which he left the company.
在从句中作时间状语，指代on the day
在从句中作地点状语，指代in the city
在从句中作原因状语，指代for the reason
关系副词功能
连词：连接主句和从句
副词：替代先行词，在从句中做状语
=介词+关代
1.There were deep cracks _________________________________________
2. Eleven kilometres directly below the city, one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun, a quake ________________________
_________________________________.
that appeared in the well walls.
that even caused damage more
Some sentences with attributive clause in the text
than 150 kilometres away in Beijing
3. Two thirds of people ______________ were dead or injured.
5. The army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those ________________ and to bury the death.
who lived there
who were killed or badly injured
6. Workers built shelters for survivors ______________________________.
whose homes has been destroyed
4. The number of people __________________________ in the quake was more than 400,000.
who were trapped
There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls.
定语从句
先行词
关系词
The structure of the Attributive Clause:
主句
主句
从句
There were deep cracks.
Deep cracks appeared in the well walls.
1. A sailor who has experienced no storm will never become an excellent sailor.
主句：
A sailor will never become an excellent sailor.
A sailor has experienced no storm.
从句还原：
2.I am deeply impressed by the great changes that have taken place in the school over the past three years.
主句：
I am deeply impressed by the great changes.
Great changes have taken place in the school over the past three years
从句还原：
3.Everyone of you is expected to be part of the event which encourages creative minds and gives full play to your DIY skills.
主句：
Everyone of you is expected to be part of the event.
The event encourages creative minds and gives full play to your DIY skills.
从句还原：
6. Shakespeare whose plays enjoy a wide reputation all over the world is a great writer.
主句：
Shakespeare is a great writer.
Shakespeare’s plays enjoy a wide reputation all over the world.
从句还原：
7.This is the park that we visited last year.
主句：
This is the park.
We visited the park last year.
从句还原：
8. This is the park where we held a birthday party.
主句：
从句还原：
This is the park.
we held a birthday party in the park.
9.She won’t forget the days that she spent on the island.
主句：
She won’t forget the days.
She spent the days on the island.
从句还原：
10.She won’t forget the days when they stayed together.
主句：
从句还原：
She won’t forget the days.
They stayed together on the days.
11. That’s the date when we went to the college.
主句：
That’s the date.
We went to the college on the date.
从句还原：
12. That’s the date that she won’t forget forever.
主句：
从句还原：
That’s the date.
she won’t forget forever the date forever.
13. I don’t believe the reason why he was late.
主句：
I don’t believe the reason.
He was late for the reason.
从句还原：
14. I don’t believe the reason that he told me.
主句：
从句还原：
I don’t believe the reason.
He told me the reason.
Years of school life have taught me a lot of things, of which what strikes me most is that we should take care not to hurt others with our words, deliberately or by accident.
主句：
从句还原：
Years of school life have taught me a lot of things.
Of those things/a lot of things what strikes me most is that we should take care not to hurt others with our words, deliberately or by accident.
The young lady with whom my sister is talking is said to be a famous actress.
主句：
从句还原：
The young lady is said to be a famous actress.
My sister is talking with the young lady.
定语从句解题四步：
第一步，找出定语从句
第二步，找出先行词
第三步，看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（主语、宾语…）
第四步，选择合适的关系词。
(1) 先行词为all, everything, nothing, something,
anything, little, much 等不定代词时。
I am sure she has something _____ you can borrow.
(2)先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等
修饰时。
I’ve read all the books _____ you lend me.
1、只能用that不用which的情况
(that)
that
Do you have anything _____ you don’t understand
(that)
Please send us any information _____ you have about the subject.
that
(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。
This is the first book _____ he has read.
(that)
It is the most beautiful city _____ I’ve ever seen.
that
(4)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。
This is the very book _____ belongs to him.
that
He is the only person _____ was present at the time.
that
(6) 先行词是who或which引导的主句。
Who is the girl _____ drove the car
(7)关系代词作be 的表语,且先行词是特指时,关系代词通常用that（不用who或which）或省略
The village is no longer the one ______ it used to be.
He is no longer the boy ______ he used to be.
(5)先行词既有人又有物时。
The famous writer and his works _____ the radio broadcast are popular to the students.
that
that
that
that
(1) 关系代词在限制性定语从句中紧跟介词作宾语（介词提前）。
There are many trees __________ they can have a rest.
This is the ring __________ she spent 1000 dollars.
2、只用which不用that的情况
(2) 在非限制性定语从句中。
Football, ______ is a very popular game, is played all over the world.
under which
on which
which
Practise
Practice:
1. 火眼金精,请找出下列各句中的错误并加以改正。
　　1. This is the factory where we visited last week.
　　2. He is the only one of the students who have been invited to the English Evening.
　　3. The person to who you spoke is a student of Grade Two.
　　4. The house in that we live is very small.
　　5. The sun gives off light and warmth, that makes it possible for plants to grow.
　　
_____
_____
has
____
whom
_____
which
____
which
which/that/where
Practice:
1. 火眼金精,请找出下列各句中的错误并加以改正。
6. I’ve read all the books which I borrowed from the library.
7. This is the best film which I have ever seen.
8. My mother has a good book, which cover looks terrible.
9. Everything which we saw was of great interest.
10. Who is the girl that you talked to her just now
_____
that
____
that
_____
_____
that
whose
How do we use attributive clauses in writing
My hero is my father./ My father is neither tall nor thin.
1. 确定主、从句
2.确定先行词
My hero is my father./ My father is neither tall nor thin.
3.选择关系词
My hero is my father / My father is neither tall nor thin.
who/that
Practice
Use the Relatives to combine two sentences
into one(用定语从句把下面两个句子合为一句）．
The book is my favorite.
The book is called Jane Eyre.
The book＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿is my favorite book.
which is called Jane Eyre
My hero is a great person./ She makes great contributions to my life.
Amy is a very young girl./ She is very considerate and generous.
Polish our writing with attributive clauses
Amy is a very young girl who/that is very considerate and generous.
My hero is a great person who/that makes great contributions to my life.
1. 父亲是工程师的那个男学生是我们班最聪明。
The boy student
is the cleverest in our class.
whose father is an engineer
Task One:
Make sentences with attributive clauses
2. 他有很多书，其中有一些是英文版的。
He has a lot of books,
some of which are written in English.
3. 上海是个大城市,在那里你可以见到许多外国人。
Shanghai is a big city,
where you can see many foreigners.
Task Two:
Write a short passage with attributive clauses
请按以下内容要点， 用5个句子写一篇有关于你的同学Jane的短文。
1. 我有一个朋友Jane, 她的父亲是我以前的数学老师。
2. Jane是一个很随和的女孩，我们都喜欢她。
3. Jane在此次英语演讲比赛中获得第一，这使得父母很高兴.
4. 新年就要到了，到时Jane会和她妈妈一起去香港。
5. 众所周知，香港是一个购物天堂，Jane 打算在那里买她需要的东西。
A possible version:
I have a classmate called Jane, whose father is my former maths teacher. Jane is a girl who is easygoing and we all like her. Jane took the first place in the English Speech Contest, which made her parents happy. The New Year is coming, when Jane will go to Hong Kong together with her mother. As we all know, Hong Kong is a shopping paradise, where Jane intends to buy what she needs.
北京有许多名胜古迹，其中长城因它悠久的历史和壮丽的景色而闻名中外。
There are numerous historical sites in Beijing, among which the Grate Wall with its long history and splendid landscape enjoys a wide reputation at home and abroad.
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