2026届高考英语二轮复习:一般过去时态&过去完成时态课件(共49张PPT)

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2026届高考英语二轮复习:一般过去时态&过去完成时态课件(共49张PPT)

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(共49张PPT)
专题08一般过去时态&过去完成时态
目录
01.
一、概念
02.
二、基本结构和核心用法
03.
三、一般过去时态与过去完成时态的区别
04.
四、能力提升练
05.
五、能力提升检测
一、概念
一般过去时态表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。
I studied in this school three years ago.(过去的动作)
我三年前在这个学校上学。
I was fat before.(过去的状态)
我以前是胖的。
过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作,即 “过去的过去”,需通过时间状语或上下文体现时间先后关系。
即:[过去某时刻] → [更早的过去] → [现在]
|______________|
过去完成时动作
重点
重点
重点
二、基本结构和核心用法
一般过去时态及语态
1.主语+was/were+ 其他.
I was fat before. 我之前是胖的。
They were happy yesterday. 他们昨天很开心。
【Tips】:单数用was,复数用were
2.主语+动词-ed(过去式)+其他.
She played badminton yesterday. 她昨天打羽毛球了。
They had a great time. 他们玩得很开心。
3.一般过去时态的被动语态was/were+done
难点
难点
难点
时间标志词
【yesterday 类】yesterday,the day before yesterday
【last 类】last day/week/month/year/spring/summer/autumn/winter
【ago 类】3 days ago,a month ago,two years ago,long long ago
【this 类】this morning/afternoon
【其他】before(之前),then(那时),just now(刚才),once upon a time(很久以前)
难点
难点
难点
过去完成时态
基本结构
肯定句:主语 + had + 过去分词(V-ed)
否定句:主语 + had not(hadn’t) + 过去分词
疑问句:Had + 主语 + 过去分词?
例句:She had finished her homework before her mother came back.(妈妈回来前,她已完成作业。)
Had you seen the movie before yesterday (你昨天之前看过这部电影吗?)
过去完成时态的被动语态:has/have+done
难点
核心用法
1.动作先后:过去时间点前的 “已完成”
标志词:by + 过去时间(by 2020, by last week)、before/when + 一般过去时从句
By the end of last term, we had learned 3,000 words.(到上学期末,我们已学 3000 词。)
When I arrived at the station, the train had left.(我到车站时,火车已开走。)
2.持续到过去:“过去的持续”
常与 for + 时间段 / since + 过去时间点 连用
He had lived in Beijing for 10 years before he moved to Shanghai.(搬去上海前,他在北京住了 10 年。)
3.宾语从句中的 “过去的过去”
主句动词为过去时(said, told, knew 等),从句动作先于主句时用过去完成时
The teacher told us she had visited the Great Wall twice.(老师说她去过长城两次。)
难点
固定句型
1.Hardly/Scarcely had sb.done… when…,主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时
Hardly had I sat down when the bell rang.我刚坐下铃就响了。
2.No sooner had sb.done… than…,主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时
No sooner had he arrived than it rained.他刚到就下雨了。
3.It was the first /second …time that…,that 从句的谓语动词用过去完成时
It was the third time that she had failed the driving test.这是她第三次驾照考试不及格。
4.It was +一段时间+since 从句(从句用过去完成时)
It was three years since he had left home.他离家已有三年。
难点
5.By the time+ 表示过去的从句/表示过去的时间+主句(过去完成时)
By the time we arrived, someone had grabbed all the good seats.我们到达时,所有的好位置都给人占了。
6.表示“意愿,打算“的动词如hope, mean, want, think, expect, plan, intend等的过去完成时表示”原本……(但事实上并没有……)”之意。
I had hoped to study abroad, but my parents disagreed.我原本希望出国留学,但父母不同意。
难点
三、一般过去时态与过去完成时态的区别
聚焦的时间点和顺序不同
一般过去时 (Simple Past): 用于描述过去某个特定时间点或时间段内发生并结束的动作或状态。它只关注动作本身在过去发生,不强调该动作与其他过去动作的先后关系
I ate breakfast at 8:00 AM. (描述早上8点吃早餐这个过去的动作)
She lived in London for five years. (描述她在伦敦居住五年的过去状态)
They watched a movie yesterday. (描述昨天看电影这个过去的动作)
过去完成时用于描述在另一个过去的动作或时间点之前就已经完成或结束的动作或状态。它强调“过去的过去”。使用过去完成时通常需要有一个明确的“参照点”(通常是另一个用一般过去时表示的动作或时间),以表明该动作发生在那个参照点之前。
注意
When I arrived at the party, John had already left. (参照点是“我到达”,John离开的动作在我到达之前就已经完成。)
She was tired because she had worked all day. (参照点是“她感到疲倦”,工作一整天这个动作在感到疲倦之前就已经完成。)
By the time he got home, his wife had cooked dinner. (参照点是“他到家”,做饭的动作在他到家之前已经完成。)
强调的侧重点不同
一般过去时强调动作或状态发生在过去。
过去完成时强调动作或状态在过去的某个时间点之前就已经完成,突出其完成性和先于其他过去动作的特性。
注意
常见时间状语/语境:
一般过去时yesterday, last night/week/month/year, ago, in 1990, then, just now 等。
过去完成时 常与以下词语或结构连用,明确标示出那个“参照点”:
before / after (本身已表明时间顺序,有时可用一般过去时替代,但过去完成时更强调完成)
She had left before I arrived. (强调她离开在我到达前完成)
After he had finished his homework, he went out to play.
注意
when (当...的时候,从句动作发生时,主句动作已完成)
When I got to the station, the train had departed. (火车在我到达前已开走)
by the time (到...时候为止)
By the time the doctor came, the patient had died.
already, just, never, ever (强调在参照点之前的状态)
I had never seen such a beautiful place before I went to Hawaii.
在 because, as, since (原因状语从句) 中表示原因发生在结果之前。
He was upset because he had failed the exam.
注意
四、能力提升练
1.(2025高三上·全国·专题练习)When Huang Danian felt that his country needed him, he (give) up his well-paid job and returned to China. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】gave
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:当黄大年感到祖国需要他时,他放弃了高薪的工作,回到了中国。分析句子可知,and连接前后两个并列的谓语动词;根据returned可知,此处应用一般过去时。故填gave。
提升
2.(2025高三上·全国·专题练习)Because of his invaluable contributions, Yuan Longping (receive) the Medal of the Republic in 2019. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】received
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:由于他的宝贵贡献,袁隆平于2019年获得了共和国勋章。设空处在句中作谓语,结合时间状语in 2019可知,此处应用一般过去时,表示过去发生的动作。故填received。
3.(2025高三上·全国·专题练习)In 1967, the Chinese government (form) a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】formed
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:1967 年,中国政府成立了一个科学家团队,目标是发现治疗疟疾的新方法。设空处为谓语动词,根据时间状语 In 1967 可知句子表示的是过去发生的动作,此处应用一般过去时。故填 formed。
提升
4.(2025高三上·全国·专题练习)After spending hours in the cold outside, Maria (catch) a fever and had to stay in bed. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】caught
【详解】考查时态。句意:在外面的寒冷中待了几个小时后,玛丽亚发烧了,不得不卧床休息。此空考查谓语动词,Maria与catch为主动关系,且这里时态应与后文保持一致用一般过去时。故填caught。
5.(2025高三·全国·专题练习)Recently, I (concept) a new approach to timekeeping that’s connected to circumstances on our planet… (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】conceptualized
【详解】考查时态。句意:最近,我构思了一种与我们星球上的环境相关的新计时方法……。空格处是动词作谓语,concept的动词是conceptualize“构思”,句子描述过去的事情,时态用一般过去时,空格处用过去式,故填conceptualized。
提升
6.(2025高三·全国·专题练习)The differences between most of the groups were statistically (significant); however, the participants in the 70 decibels group significantly (perform) the other groups. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】 insignificant outperformed
【详解】考查形容词和动词。句意:大多数小组之间的差异在统计学上微不足道;然而,70分贝组的参与者明显胜过其他组。第一空,在句中作were的表语,结合句意表示“微不足道的”,应用形容词insignificant;第二空,在句中作谓语动词,结合句意表示“胜过”,应用动词outperform,根据语境和were可知,此处应用一般过去时。故填insignificant;outperformed。
7.(2025高三下·全国·专题练习)Amy (take) detailed notes during the lecture, which took her two hours (finish). (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】 took to finish
【详解】考查时态和非谓语动词。句意:埃米在讲座期间做了详细的笔记,完成这些笔记花了她两个小时。分析句子可知,第一空考查谓语动词,Amy与take为主动关系,再由语境可知,此空时态应与后文保持一致用一般过去时;第二空考查sth. takes sb. time to do,表“某物/某事花费某人多少时间去做”,为固定句型。故填took;to finish。
提升
8.(2025高三上·全国·专题练习)Twenty dollars for the little poor girl (be) too much then. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】was
【详解】考查主谓一致和动词时态。句意:那时对于那个可怜的小女孩来说,二十美元太多了。在这个句子中,“Twenty dollars”虽然是一个复数名词短语,但是在这里作为一个整体概念来看待,即一笔金额,因此谓语动词应该用单数形式。同时,根据句子中的时间指示词“then”,表明这是描述过去的情况,所以应使用一般过去时的单数形式was。故填was。
9.(2025高三上·全国·专题练习)Present at the conference (be) experts from all over the world. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】were
【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:出席会议的有来自世界各地的专家。该句为表语置于句首的完全倒装,主语是experts,空处为谓语动词,表示过去发生的动作,故用一般过去时,谓语为复数。故填were。
提升
10.(2025高三·全国·专题练习)— It is four years since Jack (fall) in love with Mary.
— But they are not (marry) yet. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】 fell married
【详解】考查时态和形容词。句意:——杰克爱上玛丽已经四年了。——但是他们还没有结婚。第一空作since引导的时间从句的谓语,结合主句“It is four years”可知从句用一般过去时,表示“自从过去某事发生,到现在四年了”,第一空填动词fall的过去式fell;第二空应用形容词married作表语,表示“结婚的”,故填fell;married。
11.(2025高三上·全国·专题练习)It was the first time that Chen Liyan (report) her story. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】had reported
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:这是Chen Liyan第一次报道她的故事。It was the first time that+从句为固定句型,意为“是某人第一次做某事”,that从句中用过去完成时,即had done。故填had reported。
提升
12.(2025高三上·全国·专题练习)The Boeing 747 made its first flight in 1969, connecting international cities that (have) no direct routes and helping mass travel become commonplace. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】had had
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:波音747于1969年首次飞行,连接了没有直飞航线的国际城市,并使大众旅行变得普遍。设空处在定语从句中作谓语,应用动词,此处描述的是在波音747首次飞行之前,这些国际城市之间没有直飞航线,即“过去的过去”发生的动作,应用过去完成时。故填had had。
提升
(2024高三上·全国·专题练习)
By the Song Dynasty, it 13 (grow) into a highly-developed art capable of relating stories of the Three Kingdoms before the rise of traditional Chinese opera. ... During the performance, as light shines on the human figures, vivid shadows 14 (project) onto a screen.
【答案】13.had grown 14.are projected
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:到了宋朝时期,这种艺术形式已经发展得相当成熟,能够讲述三国时期的故事,而此时的中国传统戏曲尚未兴起。在表演过程中,当光线照射到人物形象上时,清晰的阴影就会投射到屏幕上。根据上文By the Song Dynasty可知为过去的过去,用过去完成时。故第一空填had grown。第二空中,主语shadows与谓语构成被动关系,根据上文as light shines on the human figures可知为一般现在时的被动语态,谓语用复数。故填are projected。故答案为had grown;are projected。
提升
(2025高三上·全国·专题练习)
Making choices is part of life. By the time you brushed your teeth, you 15 (make) several decisions even without noticing. Some choices are quick, while others take more thought. Usually, better outcomes 16 (achieve) through a thorough understanding of strategies like risk tolerance.
【答案】15.had made 16.are achieved
【详解】考查时态语态。句意:当你刷牙的时候,你甚至在不知不觉中已经做了好几个决定。通常,通过充分了解风险承受能力等策略,可以取得更好的结果。根据时间状语By the time you brushed your teeth可知,此处表示在过去某一时间点之前已经完成的动作,时态应用过去完成时,谓语用had made。第一空故填had made;第二空中,根据时间状语Usually可知,此处表示经常性、习惯性的动作,时态应用一般现在时;主语better outcomes和动词achieve之间是被动关系,应用一般现在时的被动语态;主语better outcomes是复数,be动词应用are。故填are achieved。故答案为had made;are achieved。
提升
17.(2025高三·全国·专题练习)Years later, having moved to France, I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest (arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】had arrived
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:多年以后,搬到法国后,我在约定的时间赴宴,却发现没有其他客人到场,女主人还穿着睡衣。此处表示的动作发生在主句动词turned up之前,属于“过去的过去”,应用过去完成时。故填had arrived。
18.(23-24高三下·全国·课后作业)The host (contact) me in advance by the time he reached the pub packed with people. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】had contacted
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:当主人到达挤满了人的酒吧时,他已经提前和我联系了。分析句子可知,此处为谓语动词的填入,结合该句时间状语by the time he reached…可知,此处应为过去完成时。故填had contacted。
提升
19.(23-24高二上·全国·单元测试)They (live) in China for two years before they (decide) to move to Canada. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】 had lived decided
【详解】考查过去完成时和一般过去时。句意:在他们决定搬到加拿大之前,他们已经在中国住了两年。结合句意可知,从句描述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时,live表示的动作发生在从句谓语动词decided之前,应用过去完成时,故填①had lived②decided。
20.(23-24高三上·广东湛江·阶段练习)It was the first time she (leave) her motherland. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】had left
【详解】考查固定句型和时态。句意:这是她第一次离开祖国。“It was +第几次+ that sb. had done sth.”表示“这是某人第几次做某事”,为固定结构,故本空用leave“离开”的过去完成时形式had left。故填had left。
提升
21.(23-24高三上·河南南阳·阶段练习)I (intend) to say hello to Linda, but she got into her car and drove off before I could say a word. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】had intended
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:我本想跟琳达打声招呼,但我还没来得及说一句话,她就上了车开走了。分析句子可知,此处为谓语动词的填入,由后面got into her car and drove off before I could say a word“没来得及说一句话,她就上了车开走了”由此可知,此处为过去的过去,即过去完成时。故填had intended。
22.(23-24高三上·陕西西安·阶段练习)The victim had (seek) help desperately, yet there was no one there to help him. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】sought
【详解】考查时态。句意:受害者拼命寻求帮助,但没有人帮助他。根据句意和前文had可知,此处应用过去分词构成过去完成时,表示“过去的过去”。故填sought。
提升
五、能力提升检测
23.(2025高三上·全国·专题练习) (我原本打算在月底前完成我的作品), but some unexpected things stopped me from working on it. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】I meant to finish my work by the end of the month
【详解】考查短语和时态。句意:我原本打算在月底前完成这项工作,但一些意外的事情却阻碍了我继续进行这项工作。主语为I;表示“打算做某事”短语为mean to do sth.;表示“完成我的作品”为finish my work;表示“在月底前”为by the end of the month。根据后文stopped可知为一般过去时。故填I meant to finish my work by the end of the month。
检测
24.(2025高三上·全国·专题练习)After careful consideration, I (终于下定决心去追寻我的梦想) and became a professional photographer. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】finally made up my mind to pursue my dream
【详解】考查固定短语及时态。句意:经过慎重考虑,我终于下定决心去追寻我的梦想,成为了一名专业摄影师。根据汉语提示“终于下定决心去追寻我的梦想”可知,“终于”译为finally;“下定决心做某事”为固定短语make up one’s mind to do sth.,句子主语为I,one’s应改为my;“追寻我的梦想”译为pursue my dream。由句中“became”可知,句子描述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时,make的过去式为made。故填finally made up my mind to pursue my dream。
检测
25.(2025高三下·全国·专题练习)Last semester, I (养成了制定每周学习计划的习惯), which significantly improved my efficiency. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】got into the way of making a weekly study plan
【详解】考查固定短语和时态。句意:上学期,我养成了制定每周学习计划的习惯,这大大提高了我的效率。根据汉语提示并分析句子结构可知,空格处缺少“养成了……的习惯”和“制定每周学习计划”的表达,其中“养成……的习惯”可用固定短语“get into the way of”表示,“制定每周学习计划”可用“make a weekly study plan”表示,跟在前面短语后,因of为介词,make应用动名词形式making;根据时间状语“Last semester”可知,句子时态为一般过去时,动词用过去式。故填got into the way of making a weekly study plan。
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26.(2025高三下·全国·专题练习)The athlete (克制自己过度庆祝) after his victory, showing humility and respect for his opponents. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】refrained from celebrating too much
【详解】考查动词短语和时态。句意:这位运动员在获胜后克制自己不过度庆祝,展现出了对对手的谦逊和尊重。根据语境可知,句子描述的是过去发生的事情,所以要用一般过去时。“克制某人做某事”常用动词短语refrain from doing sth.表示,句子描述的是过去发生的事情,所以要用一般过去时态,谓语动词refrain用过去式refrained;“过度庆祝”作介词宾语,用动名词短语celebrating too much。故填refrained from celebrating too much。
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27.(2025高三下·全国·专题练习)With a deep breath, (我鼓起勇气发表我的演讲), inspiring my classmates with my words of encouragement. (用于读后续写动作描写) (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】I summoned the nerve to deliver my speech
【详解】考查固定短语和动词不定式。根据提示的汉语,表示“鼓起勇气”为summon the nerve,结合句意,此处描述过去发生的事情,所以使用一般过去时,谓语动词summon使用过去式形式,表示“发表我的演讲”为deliver my speech作状语,结合句意,此处表示目的,所以使用动词不定式形式。故填I summoned the nerve to deliver my speech。
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28.(2025高三下·全国·专题练习)As I handed my mother the bouquet of flowers, (她露出了满意的微笑) and said, “You always know how to brighten up my day.” (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】she expanded with a satisfied smile
【详解】考查动词、名词和形容词。句意:当我把花束递给妈妈时,她满意地笑着说:“你总是知道如何让我的一天变得愉快。”根据句意和中文提示可知,表示“她”应用she,在本句中作主语;表示“露出”可意译为“展开”expand,在本句中作谓语,时态与前面保持一致,用一般过去时;表示“(用)满意的微笑”译为with a satisfied smile,其中a satisfied smile,为名词短语,在本句中作介词宾语。故填she expanded with a satisfied smile。
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29.(2025高三下·全国·专题练习)Charles Lindbergh (完成了一项壮举) — making the first solo flight across the Atlantic Ocean, marking him as one of the greatest adventurers of his time. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】completed a massive feat
【详解】考查动词和名词。句意:查尔斯·林德伯格完成了一项巨大的壮举——首次独自飞越大西洋,这使他成为他那个时代最伟大的冒险家之一。根据句意和中文提示可知,表示“完成”应用complete,为动词,在本句中作谓语,时态应用一般过去时表过去情况;表示“一项壮举”应用a massive feat,为名词短语作宾语。故填completed a massive feat。
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30.(2025高三·全国·专题练习)The headmaster the prizes to the winners at the sports meeting. (give相关短语) (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】gave away
【详解】考查固定短语、时态。句意:校长在运动会上给获奖者颁发了奖品。根据提示“give相关短语”及the prizes to the winners可知,本空应用固定短语give away,表示“颁发”,本句描述过去的动作,故时态用一般过去时,谓语用过去式。故填gave out。
31.(2025高三·全国·专题练习)He (突然停了下来)that we almost hit him. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】came to such a sudden stop
【详解】考查动词短语和结果状语从句。句意:他突然停了下来,我们差点撞到他。动短语come to a sudden stop表示“突然停了下来”,由“that we almost hit him”可知,该句为结果状语从句,应由so/such...that...引导;根据“hit”和句意可知,该句表示过去发生的动作,应为一般过去时,故“他突然停了下来”应译为He came to such a sudden stop,其中such修饰名词短语。故填came to such a sudden stop。
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32.(2025高三·全国·专题练习)Only then (我才意识到) how important such a little thing as cleaning the house was. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】did I realize
【详解】考查倒装句和时态。句意:只有那时,我才意识到像打扫房子这样的小事是多么重要。根据句首“Only then”可知,当“only + 状语”位于句首时,句子要用部分倒装结构,即将助动词、情态动词或 be 动词提到主语前面。句子描述的是过去发生的事情,要用一般过去时,“意识到”是realize,为实义动词,所以借助助动词did并将其提到主语I前面,后面的实义动词用原形realize 。故填did I realize。
33.(2025高三上·全国·专题练习)In fact, Anne had (为……骄傲) what she had done and enjoyed the entire process. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】been proud of
【详解】考查固定搭配。句意:事实上,安妮为自己所做的事情感到骄傲,并且享受整个过程。表示“为……骄傲”应用be proud of,为固定搭配,动词应用过去分词形式与前面had构成过去完成时。故填been proud of。
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34.(2025高三上·全国·专题练习)Not only (这些国家找到了)a path that did not run over the relics, but they had also learnt that it was possible to work together. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】had these countries found
【详解】考查部分倒装。句意:这些国家不仅找到了一条不破坏遗迹的路线,而且他们还明白了合作是可行的。本题考查“这些国家找到了”的英语表达方式。not only...but...表示“不仅……而且”,要连接两个平行结构,因此它连接的两个部分的谓语动词的时态要一致。but后面用了过去完成时had learned,因此not only部分也要用过去完成时。“这些国家找到了”的直接翻译是“these countries had found”。由于not only置于句首,其后的部分要用部分倒装“助动词+主语+谓语”结构,助动词had提到主语these countries之前,过去分词不变。故填had these countries found。
35.(24-25高二下·陕西汉中·阶段练习)The film (已经开始) for 5 minutes when we arrived at the cinema. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】had been on
【详解】考查过去完成时。句意:我们到达电影院时,电影已开始5分钟。此处需要使用动词作谓语,从句“when we arrived”使用一般过去时,主句动作(电影开始)发生在“到达”之前,即“过去的过去”,需用过去完成时(had + 过去分词)。“已开始5分钟”需用延续性动词结构,因此用had been on。故填:had been on。
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36.(2025高三·全国·专题练习)After he (从公司辞职), he went to a larger city.
→ , he went to a larger city. (分词短语作状语)
【答案】 had resigned from the company Having resigned from the company
【详解】考查过去完成时,非谓语动词。句意:他从公司辞职后,去了一个更大的城市。第一句“辞职”使用动词resign,根据句中went可知,此处after引导的从句谓语发生在过去,且先于went发生,因此需要使用过去完成时,“from the company”作地点状语。第二句中went作谓语,“resign”为非谓语作状语,主语he与resign是主动关系,且resign发生在谓语之前,因此需要使用现在分词的完成式形式,“from the company”作地点状语,译为Having resigned from the company。故填①had resigned from the company;②Having resigned from the company。
37.(2025高三上·江苏·专题练习)She had finally (实现了她的抱负) of becoming a famous writer. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】achieved her ambition/fulfilled her ambition/realized her ambition
【详解】考查动词和名词。句意:她终于实现了成为著名作家的抱负。“实现”可用动词achieve、fulfill或realize,“她的抱负”可用名词短语her ambition,且根据“had”可知,时态为过去完成时,动词应用过去分词的形式。故填achieved/fulfilled/realized her ambition。
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38.(22-23高三上·广东广州·阶段练习)They had escaped from the paper bag and had (完全占据) the hall! (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】taken complete possession of
【详解】考查动词短语。句意:他们从纸袋里逃了出来,占领了整个大厅!根据汉语提示可知短语为take complete possession of,根据had可知为过去完成时。故填taken complete possession of。
39.(2022高三·全国·专题练习)I guessed (他把火腿藏在了帽子下面), but he got it out from his gloves. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】he had hidden the ham under his hat
【详解】考查宾语从句和动词时态。句意:我猜他把火腿藏在帽子下面,但他从手套里拿出来了。分析句子结构可知,此处应填宾语从句作guessed的宾语,根据汉语提示,表示“把火腿藏在了帽子下面”应为hide the ham under his hat,从句中的动作发生在主句谓语动词guessed之前,所以从句应使用过去完成时态,主语he与谓语hide之间为主动关系,宾语从句中不缺少主语和宾语,句意完整,引导词应使用that且可以省略。故填he had hidden the ham under his hat。
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40.(2022高三·全国·专题练习)When I got home, I found that my wife and son (睡着了). (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】had fallen asleep
【详解】考查动词短语和时态。句意:当我回到家时,我发现妻子和儿子已经睡着了。设空处在that引导的宾语从句中作谓语动词,动词短语fall asleep意为“睡着了”符合句意,由主句“I found”可知此宾语从句应用过去完成时,故填had fallen asleep。
41.(2020高三·全国·专题练习)I (刚完成) my homework when suddenly the phone rang. (根据汉语提示填空)
【答案】had just finished
【详解】考查动词时态和副词。句意:我刚做完作业,突然电话响了。根据汉语提示“刚完成”可知,just意为“刚刚”,副词修饰动词作状语;finish完成;结合语境可知,finish发生在rang之前,表示“过去的过去”,需用过去完成时。故填had just finished。
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42.(2010·湖北·高考真题)My mother was so proud of all (我所做的) that she rewarded me with a trip to Beijing. (do) (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】that I had done/I had done
【详解】考查动词时态和定语从句。句意:我妈妈为我所做的一切感到骄傲,她奖励我去北京旅行。分析句子结构,“我所做的”是定语从句,修饰先行词all,在从句中作宾语,修饰不定代词all要用关系代词that引导且that可省略,结合句意,我做的事情发生在母亲自豪之前,过去的过去,所以此处句中使用过去完成时,且主语I与do之间为主动关系,所以此处应为 (that) I had done。故填(that) I had done。
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43.(2025·上海嘉定·模拟预测)在最近举行的一个烘焙节上,好多人愿意花天价购买两三口就能吃完的面包,真是让人看不懂啊!(puzzle) (汉译英)
【答案】At a recent baking festival, many people were willing to pay extremely high prices for bread that could be eaten in two or three bites, which was so puzzling!
【详解】考查定语从句和短语。表示“在最近举行的一个烘焙节上”为at a recent baking festival;主语为many people;表示“愿意”短语为be willing to do;表示“花天价购买两三口就能吃完的面包”可用pay extremely high prices for bread that could be eaten in two or three bites,其中that引导定语从句,修饰bread;后跟非限制性定语从句修饰上文句子,从句缺少主语,用which;表示“让人看不懂”可用be so puzzling。发生在过去用一般过去时。故翻译为At a recent baking festival, many people were willing to pay extremely high prices for bread that could be eaten in two or three bites, which was so puzzling!
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44.(2025高三·全国·专题练习)“这里太好玩了。”Andy一边在秋千上玩耍,一边大声说道。(用“善用对话”句式翻译句子)
【答案】“It’s so much fun here.” Andy exclaimed, as/while she was playing on the swings.
【详解】考查动词、从句和时态。“这里太好玩了。”是直接引语,结合语境可知应用一般现在时,故表达为It’s so much fun here.;主语是Andy,谓语“大声说”表达为exclaim,陈述过去的事情,用一般过去时;“在秋千上玩耍”处理为as/while“当……”引导的时间状语从句,从句主语是she,谓语动词“玩耍”表达为play,陈述过去某个时间点正在发生的动作,用过去进行时,主语是第三人称单数,助动词用was,状语“在秋千上”表达为on the swings。故翻译为“It’s so much fun here.” Andy exclaimed, as/while she was playing on the swings.
45.(2025高三·全国·专题练习)“我们去玩个痛快吧。”Frank兴奋地提议道。(用“善用对话”句式翻译句子)
【答案】 “Let’s go and have some fun.” Frank suggested in an excited voice/tone.
【详解】考查祈使句、动词、时态和介词短语。“我们去玩个痛快吧”是直接引语,可以译为祈使句Let’s go and have some fun,其中Let’s是Let us的缩写,用于提出建议;句子主语Frank,谓语“提议”用动词suggest,描述过去的行为用一般过去时,方式状语“兴奋地”可以用介词短语in an excited voice/tone。综上,全句译为:“Let’s go and have some fun.” Frank suggested in an excited voice/tone.
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46.(2025高三·全国·专题练习)“我们得快点行动。”他以急切的语气催促道。(用“善用对话”句式翻译句子)
【答案】“We need to act quickly.” he urged in an urgent tone.
【详解】考查情态动词+动词原形和时态。在直接引语中,表示“我们”用we,作主语,位于句首,首字母大写;表示“得快点行动”用情态动词+动词原形,即need to act,副词quickly修饰动词,作谓语部分;表示“他”用he,作主句主语;表示“催促道”用urge,此处描述过去发生的动作,用一般过去时,urge的过去式为urged;表示“以急切的语气”用in an urgent tone,作方式状语。故翻译为:“We need to act quickly.” he urged in an urgent tone.
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47.(2025高三·全国·专题练习)隔壁聚会的噪声差点把我的耳朵都震聋了。(用夸张的修辞手法翻译句子)
【答案】The noise of the party next door almost deafened me.
【详解】考查名词短语、动词和时态。根据句意以及句子的要求提示可知,原句要求用夸张的修辞手法翻译,“差点把我的耳朵都震聋了” 是典型的夸张表达,强调噪声极大。动词“deafen”本身意为“使聋;使听不见”,“almost deafen me”直接传达出“几乎让我变聋”的夸张效果,精准对应原句的情感和语气。表示“隔壁聚会的噪声”应为名词短语“The noise of the party next door”,“almost deafen me”通过动词的夸张用法强化了噪声的强度,符合夸张修辞的要求。结合句意可知,该句应为陈述过去发生的事情,为一般过去时。故翻译为:The noise of the party next door almost deafened me.
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48.(2025高三·全国·专题练习)徒步旅行者们突然想到, 他们忘记为这次长途旅行带足够的水了。(It suddenly hit sb. that...)(汉译英)
【答案】It suddenly hit the hikers that they had forgotten to bring enough water for the long journey.
【详解】考查固定句型、动词时态、名词及短语。题干给了句型“It suddenly hit sb. that......”,表示“某人突然想到……”,用了一般过去时。徒步旅行者们翻译为“ the hikers”。“他们忘记为这次长途旅行带足够的水了”翻译成that引导的主语从句,该时态发生在主句谓语hit之前,要用过去完成时(had+过去分词)。句中要用forget to do sth.表示“忘记要做某事”(forget的过去分词是forgotten)。“为这次长途旅行”翻译为for the long journey。“带足够的水”翻译为 bring enough water。故填It suddenly hit the hikers that they had forgotten to bring enough water for the long journey.
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49.(2025高三·全国·专题练习)他们刚出发徒步, 乌云就笼罩了天空。(Sb. had just done sth. when...)(汉译英)
【答案】They had just started hiking when dark clouds covered the sky.
【详解】考查过去完成时和一般过去时。“他们”翻译为they,“刚出发徒步”需要翻译为had just started hiking。其中had just done sth.是过去完成时,表示某个动作在过去某一时间之前已经完成,但强调该动作与随后发生的另一动作之间的紧密关系。其中start doing表示“开始做某事”,表示“出发徒步”用start hiking;“乌云就笼罩了天空”需要翻译为when dark clouds covered the sky。其中when引导时间状语从句,表示“当……时”。dark clouds表示“乌云”,covered是动词“覆盖”的过去式,此处为谓语动词,the sky表示“天空”。句子符合固定句型Sb. had just done sth. when...,意为“某人刚刚做完某事,就在此时……”。故翻译为They had just started hiking when dark clouds covered the sky.
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50.(24-25高三下·上海嘉定·阶段练习)村子里弃用已久的一处旧仓库被改造成了饭店。 (turn)
【答案】An old warehouse that had been out of use for a long time in the village was converted into a restaurant.
【详解】考查时态和固定短语和从句。先翻译句子主干,句子主语“一处旧仓库”An old warehouse,an位于句首首字母大写,“被改造成”be converted into,句子描述过去发生的动作应用一般过去时,单数名词作主语be用was,“饭店”a restaurant,然后用that引导限制性定语从句表示“村子里弃用已久的”,that指代先行词An old warehouse,在从句中作主语,“不用”be out of use,该动作发生在“被改造”之前,表示过去的过去,应用过去完成时,“很久”for a long time,“村子里”in the village。故翻译为An old warehouse that had been out of use for a long time in the village was converted into a restaurant.
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51.(2025高三·全国·专题练习)发现他们为我准备食物,我很感动。(汉译英)
【答案】I was touched to find that they had prepared food for me.
【详解】考查形容词、动词短语、宾语从句和时态。主语“我”用人称代词I;“很感动”处理为系表结构,讲述过去的事情系动词用was,作谓语,“感动”用形容词touched,作表语;“发现……”作原因状语,可处理为不定式结构作原因状语,即I was touched to find...;“他们为我准备食物”是宾语从句,主语“他们”用人称代词they,“为我准备食物”可用短语prepare sth. for sb.表示“为某人准备某物”,谓语“准备”这个动作发生在主句之前,用过去完成时态had prepared,表示“过去的过去”,宾语“食物”用名词food,“我”用人称代词宾格me 。综上,全句译为:I was touched to find that they had prepared food for me.
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52.(2025高三·全国·专题练习)我被他的所作所为深深打动了,泪水情不自禁地夺眶而出。(汉译英)
【答案】I was deeply moved by what he had done, tears rolling down without control.
【详解】考查时态、名词性从句以及独立主格结构。“被……深深打动”表达为be deeply moved by ...,“我被……深深打动了”陈述过去的事情,用一般过去时,表达为I was deeply moved by...,“他的所作所为”可翻译为名词性从句作介词by的宾语,从句发生在主句之前,用过去完成时,表达为what he had done;“泪水”为名词tears,“情不自禁地夺眶而出”表达为roll down without control,tears与roll down之间为主动关系,“泪水情不自禁地夺眶而出”表达为独立主格结构tears rolling down without control,作状语,故此句翻译为I was deeply moved by what he had done, tears rolling down without control.
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