资源简介 (共27张PPT)B1 Welcome UnitDiscovering UsefulSrtucturesLearn to analyze the structure of the sentences12Learn to know the basic sentencestructures of English.Learn to analyze the structure of thesentences .Learning objectivesWhat do think of the grammar Lead invocabularygrammarWhat makes a sentence Lead insentence elementsS 表示主语(subject)V 表示谓语(predicate)O 表示宾语(object)IO 表示间接宾语(indirect object)DO 表示直接宾语(direct object)P 表示表语(predicative)Attr. 表示定语 (attributive)A 表示状语(adverbial)C 表示补足语(complement)Seeing is believing.眼见为实。The baby is sleeping.宝宝正在睡觉。主语就是一个句子的陈述的对象,是施动者,可以是人,也可以是物。12主语It drives me mad to teach her.注意:主语一般位于句首,但若不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、名词性从句作主语,常用it作形式主语,则把真正的主语放在句后。找出下列句子的主语。Twenty years is a short time in history.Running is good for our health. To study hard is your duty. She likes dancing. What I want is some apples .数词动名词不定式代词主语从句We plant trees in spring every year. 我们每年春天都种许多树。The aircraft had taken off at 7.飞机已在7点起飞。谓语动词指的是在句子中可以单独作谓语的动词,主要由实义动词充当。12谓语注意:谓语:表示主语的行为或状态,一般在主语之后。谓语中最重要的是谓语动词 (通常由实义动词充当),它有时态,语态的变化,并受主语人称和数的影响。简单谓语:由实义动词或者是动词短语组成谓语复合谓语:由情态动词/助动词+实义动词These students will go to visit the museum tomorrow.明天这些学生将去参观博物馆.。I will return you the book tomorrow.我会在明天把书还给你。12谓语的分类 1. 实义动词:又实在意义并能独立作谓语及物动词 :需带宾语才能完整表意,若缺少宾语,句意不完整。不及物动词 :无需宾语即可独立使用,动作本身可独立存在。 3. 系动词谓语 :连接主语与表语,说明状态或特征。 4. 助动词谓语 :辅助构成时态或语态。 5. 情态动词谓语 :表达能力、意愿等主观态度。找出下列句子的谓语。We have finished reading this book.Running is good for our health. He doesn’t like fruit. A tiger eats meat.What I want is some apples .助动词+实义动词助动词+实义动词形容词短语实义动词助动词She bought a book.她买了本书。She didn't say anything.她什么也没说。(宾语为不定代词)宾语:动作的承受者,表示行为或活动的对象、接受者或受影响者。宾语一般位于及物动词和介词之后。12宾语注意:除副词以外的一切实词都能充当宾语(名词、动词、形容词、数量词和代词充当宾语)。She loves the red dress with pockets.她喜欢那件有口袋的红色连衣裙。3Show me your tickets, please.请让我看看你的票。She gave me a gift.她给我一份礼物。双宾语:有些动词后面跟直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语指的是动词所涉及的物,间接宾语是指受益于动词所表示行为的人。12双宾语双宾语:间接宾语(人)、直接宾语(物)双宾语接双宾语的动词有:ask、bring、buy、cost、fetch、give、hand、lend、pass、pay、read、return、sell、send、show、take、teach、tell、write等。He is a boy.他是一位男孩。Five plus two is seven.五加二等于七。表语:属于主语补足语,语法名词,是指说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的词或从句。12表语注意:表语常由名词、分词、形容词、介词短语、动名词、不定式、副词来充当,它常位于系动词之后。My hobby is reading.我的爱好是阅读。3找出下列句子的表语。The flower smells sweet.My hobby is collecting stamps.Our duty is to make our environment better.That is why he didn't come to school yesterday.形容词不定式动名词从句I'm going to paint the desk pink.我打算把桌子涂成粉色。I find learning English difficult.我发现学习英语很难。宾语补足语:有些及物动词,接了宾语意义仍不完整,还需要有一个其他的句子成分,来补充说明宾语的意义、状态等,简称宾补。12宾语补足语注意:宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。而复合宾语的第一部分通常由名词或代词充当,第二部分表示第一部分的名词或代词发出的动作或身份、特征等。Tom made the girl cried.汤姆把这个女孩弄哭了。3These are apple trees.有一些苹果树I have no time to travel in spring.我在春天没有时间去旅行。定语:是用来修饰、限定、说明名词、名词短语或代词的品质与特征的。12定语注意:主要由形容词(短语)、名词(短语)、副词(短语)、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式(短语)、分词(短语)、定语从句 等相当于形容词的词、形容词性短语或句子来充当。He is the man whom I saw yesterday.他是我昨天见到的男人。3She arrived yesterday.她昨天到的。We met at the train station.我们在火车站见的面。状语:说明动作何时、何地、如何发生;说明形容词或副词的程度。用于修饰形容词,副词,动词或句子。12状语注意:状语一般是放在主语之后、被修饰的谓语中心语之前。状语在形式上可以由副词、名词短语、介词短语、定式、不定式 、分词、等充当,主要功能是修饰句子中的动词、动词短语、非谓语动词、形容词、副词、介词短语或整个句子,You can go wherever you like.你可以去任何你喜欢的地方。3Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us.我们的新老师史密斯先生对我们很好。Yesterday I met Tom, a friend of my brother's.昨天我遇到了我弟弟的朋友汤姆。同位语:是在名词或代词之后的并列名词或代词,与前者指代同一事物,只是加以说明,为同位关系。12同位语注意:同位语只有主语和宾语才有,可以由名词、代词以及从句充当。并且同位语一般紧跟在它所修饰的词之后,充当的语法成分与前面的词一致。基本句型结构主谓:主语+谓语(SV)。谓语一般是不及物动词。eg: Linda smiled.The baby is sleeping.主谓宾:主语+谓语+宾语(SVO)。谓语是及物动词。eg: Mike will fix everything.Jeff loves swimming.主系表:主语+连系动词+表语(SP)。eg : They are friends.The dish smells good.主谓宾宾:主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(SVOO)。谓语是可跟双宾语的及物动词。eg: Alex gave his sister the piano.Mary handed me the letter.主谓宾补:主语+谓语+宾语+补语(SVOC)。谓语是可跟复合宾语的及物动词。eg: I found the book easy.They called their daughter Amy.There be:There +be +主语+其它。主语是其后的名词,be动词形式根据主语的单复数而定。除be外,sound, look, seem, appear, lie,stand等,也可用于此结构。eg: There is a book on the table.There seems to be something wrong with me.由SV和SVO扩展:主谓状:主语+谓语+状语(SVA)。谓语为不及物动词。eg He talked too much.主谓宾状:主语+谓语+宾语+状语(SVOA)。eg I had my first maths class at senior highschool.Read the sentences and analyze the structures.I’m not outgoing.The teacher was kind and friendly.He told a funny story.Everyone laughed.I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful.I didn’t feel awkward or frightened.He told us funny stories.SPSPSVOSVSVOCSPSVOOComplete sentences with the verbs in the brackets in proper structures.1. I hope my dream ______________. (come true) SV2. I _______________________ (look forwardto). SVO3. Learning English ______________ (seem). SP4. They _________________ (live). SVA5. He ____________________ (show). SVOOwill come truelook forward to your letterseems interestingare living in the cityshowed us his picturesThanks! 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览