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动词的时态
教材原句：
① I think it’s going to rain.
我认为要下雨了。
② He fell over when he was running down the steps.
他沿着台阶往下跑时摔倒了。
③ He’s hit his head and his leg hurts. I think he’s broken his leg.
他撞到了头，并且他的腿很疼。我认为他摔断了腿。
④ Who’s missing
谁不见了？
⑤ Will I live
我能活下去吗？
动词是中考中出现频率最高的词性之一，它和时态紧密相关。初中阶段所学的时态主要有六种，分别为一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时和过去进行时。
时态用法总结
一般现在时
用法：
表示经常性或习惯性的动作
表示客观事实或普遍真理
动词形式：动词原形或动词的第三人称单数形式
常用时间状语：usually, often, always, sometimes, every day, every...
一般过去时
用法：表示过去的事情或过去经常发生的动作
动词形式：动词过去式
常用时间状语：yesterday, just now, last..., ago, in the past
一般将来时
用法：表示将来会出现或发生的动作
动词形式：will/shall/be going to + 动词原形
常用时间状语：tomorrow, some day, next..., "in+时间段", at the end of this term
现在进行时
用法：表示说话时正在进行的动作或当前一段时间正在进行的动作
动词形式：be 动词+动词的现在分词
常用时间状语：now, at the moment
现在完成时
用法：
表示发生在过去的动作对现在仍有影响
表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作
动词形式：have/has+动词的过去分词
常用时间状语：already, before, yet, recently, in the past few years, ever, so far, "since+过去的时间点", "for+时间段"
过去进行时
用法：表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内在发生或进行的动作
动词形式：was/were+动词的现在分词
常用时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time, at ten o'clock yesterday, when/while 引导的时间状语从句
Note: 部分时态易错点分析
1. 一般现在时
① 主将从现。在时间状语从句和 if 或 unless 等引导的条件状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时，从句常用一般现在时表示将来。
I will call you as soon as I arrive there.
我一到那里就会给你打电话。
② 当宾语从句表示客观真理或普遍规律时，从句用一般现在时。
The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.
老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。
2. 现在进行时
① 如果句中出现"Look!" 或 "Listen!" 等标志信息，后面跟的句子通常用现在进行时。
Look! Who is reading in the classroom
看！谁正在教室里读书呢？
② 某些表示状态、思想、感情或感觉的动词 (如 smell, want, prefer, like, love, hate 等) 一般不用于进行时态。
3. 一般将来时
① 有些动词可用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作，但要有具体的表示将来的时间。
My father is coming to visit me this weekend.
我爸爸这周末要来看我。
② 在"祈使句，and/or+陈述句"结构中，and 或 or 后面的陈述句经常用一般将来时。
Hurry up, or you will be late.
快点，否则你将会迟到。
4. 现在完成时
① have/has gone to 表示某人去了某地(人已离开这里并且还未回来); have/has been to 表示某人去过某地 (人现已回来)，常与 never/once/twice 等连用; have/has been in 表示某人在某地待了多长时间，常与 for/since/how long 等连用。
I have been in this city for five years.
我已经在这个城市待了五年了。
② 终止性动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，如果要与表示一段时间的状语连用，应将终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词。终止性动词变为延续性动词常见的例子有: leave → be away, close → be closed, begin/start → be on, die → be dead, buy → have, borrow → keep 等。
典例
[2025北京中考]— Lucy, is your uncle a teacher
—Yes, he is. He ______ history for nearly 20 years.
A.teaches B. has taught C. is teaching D. will teach
【解析】句意为：——露西，你的叔叔是一名教师吗？——是的，他是。他已经教了近 20 年历史了。根据 for nearly 20 years 判断该空所在句使用现在完成时。
【答案】B
练习题
习题一：时态填空
用括号内动词的适当形式填空。
1. I usually ________ (get) up at 6:30 every morning.
2. He ________ (watch) TV when I called him yesterday.
3. They ________ (visit) the Great Wall next week.
4. Look! The children ________ (play) football on the playground.
5. I ________ (live) here since 2010.
6. She ________ (read) a book at this time yesterday.
7. If it ________ (rain) tomorrow, we will stay at home.
8. My father ________ (buy) a new car last month.
9. By the end of last year, we ________ (learn) 2,000 English words.
10. The teacher told us that light ________ (travel) faster than sound.
习题二：单项选择
从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择最佳答案。
1. My mother ________ breakfast for me every day.
A. cook B. cooks C. cooked D. is cooking
2. I ________ my homework when the phone rang.
A. do B. did C. was doing D. have done
3. They ________ to Beijing tomorrow.
A. fly B. flew C. will fly D. have flown
4. Listen! Someone ________ at the door.
A. knocks B. knocked C. is knocking D. was knocking
5. I ________ this book for two weeks.
A. borrow B. borrowed C. have borrowed D. have kept
6. At 8 o'clock last night, I ________ a movie.
A. watch B. watched C. was watching D. have watched
7. If he ________ hard, he will pass the exam.
A. study B. studies C. studied D. will study
8. She ________ to Shanghai three times.
A. went B. has been C. has gone D. goes
9. Hurry up, or you ________ the train.
A. miss B. missed C. will miss D. have missed
10. The students ________ an English class now.
A. have B. had C. are having D. have had
习题三：时态辨析
选择正确的时态完成句子。
1. I ________ (have lived/lived) in this city for ten years.
2. She ________ (is reading/reads) a book when I saw her.
3. We ________ (will have/have) a party next Saturday.
4. He usually ________ (goes/went) to school by bus.
5. Look! They ________ (are playing/play) basketball.
6. I ________ (have finished/finished) my homework already.
7. If it ________ (rains/will rain) tomorrow, we'll cancel the picnic.
8. My brother ________ (has gone/has been) to the library. He'll be back soon.
9. At that time, she ________ (cooked/was cooking) dinner.
10. The sun ________ (rises/rose) in the east.
习题四：改错题
找出下列句子中时态使用的错误并改正。
1. I am living here since 2015.
2. She will calls you tomorrow.
3. They are play football now.
4. He has died for three years.
5. When I got home, my mother cooked dinner.
6. If it will rain, we won't go out.
7. Look! The sun rises.
8. I have bought this bike for two years.
9. She told me that the earth went around the sun.
10. At 8 yesterday evening, I did my homework.
习题五：翻译句子
将下列句子翻译成英语。
1. 我每天步行去上学。
2. 昨天这个时候我正在看电视。
3. 我们下个月要去参观博物馆。
4. 看！孩子们正在跳舞。
5. 我已经学了五年英语了。
6. 如果明天天气好，我们就去野餐。
7. 他去了北京。（还没回来）
8. 快点，否则你会迟到的。
9. 老师告诉我们水在零度结冰。
10. 当我进来时，他正在写信。
习题六：综合填空
阅读短文，用括号内动词的正确形式填空。
Tom 1 ________ (be) a middle school student. He usually 2 ________ (get) up at 6:30 every morning. Yesterday, when he 3 ________ (have) breakfast, the phone 4 ________ (ring). It was his friend Jack.
Jack said he 5 ________ (come) to visit Tom this weekend. Tom was very happy because he 6 ________ (not see) Jack for a long time.
Now, Tom 7 ________ (prepare) for Jack's visit. He 8 ________ (clean) his room at the moment. If the weather 9 ________ (be) fine tomorrow, they 10 ________ (go) to the park together.
答案及解析
习题一：时态填空
1. get (一般现在时，习惯动作)
2. was watching (过去进行时，过去某时正在进行的动作)
3. will visit/are going to visit (一般将来时)
4. are playing (现在进行时，现在正在进行的动作)
5. have lived (现在完成时，since+时间点)
6. was reading (过去进行时，过去某时正在进行的动作)
7. rains (主将从现，条件状语从句用一般现在时)
8. bought (一般过去时，过去发生的动作)
9. had learned (过去完成时，by+过去时间)
10. travels (客观真理用一般现在时)
习题二：单项选择
1. B (一般现在时，习惯动作)
2. C (过去进行时，过去某时正在进行的动作)
3. C (一般将来时)
4. C (现在进行时，现在正在进行的动作)
5. D (现在完成时，for+时间段，用延续性动词)
6. C (过去进行时，过去具体时间正在进行的动作)
7. B (主将从现，条件状语从句用一般现在时)
8. B (has been to去过某地)
9. C (祈使句+or+一般将来时)
10. C (现在进行时，现在正在进行的动作)
习题三：时态辨析
1. have lived (现在完成时，for+时间段)
2. was reading (过去进行时，过去某时正在进行的动作)
3. will have (一般将来时)
4. goes (一般现在时，习惯动作)
5. are playing (现在进行时，现在正在进行的动作)
6. have finished (现在完成时，already)
7. rains (主将从现)
8. has gone (has gone to去了某地未归)
9. was cooking (过去进行时，过去某时正在进行的动作)
10. rises (客观真理用一般现在时)
习题四：改错题
1. am living → have lived (since用现在完成时)
2. calls → call (will后接动词原形)
3. play → playing (现在进行时结构)
4. died → been dead (die是终止性动词)
5. cooked → was cooking (过去进行时更合适)
6. will rain → rains (主将从现)
7. rises → is rising (Look!提示用现在进行时)
8. bought → had (buy是终止性动词)
9. went → goes (客观真理用一般现在时)
10. did → was doing (过去具体时间用过去进行时)
习题五：翻译句子
1. I go to school on foot every day.
2. I was watching TV at this time yesterday.
3. We will visit the museum next month.
4. Look! The children are dancing.
5. I have learned English for five years.
6. If the weather is fine tomorrow, we will go for a picnic.
7. He has gone to Beijing.
8. Hurry up, or you will be late.
9. The teacher told us that water freezes at zero degree.
10. When I came in, he was writing a letter.
习题六：综合填空
1. is (一般现在时)
2. gets (一般现在时)
3. was having (过去进行时)
4. rang (一般过去时)
5. would come (过去将来时)
6. hadn't seen (过去完成时)
7. is preparing (现在进行时)
8. is cleaning (现在进行时)
9. is (主将从现)
10. will go (一般将来时)

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