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中国寓言故事英语阅读语篇精选——用英语说中国故事
03 The Foolish Old Man Who Removed the Mountains
(愚公移山)
Taihang and Wangwu Mountains are some seven hundred li around,and hundreds of thousands of feet high.
North of these mountains lived an old man of nearly ninety, who was called the Fool. His house faced these mountains, and he found it very inconvenient to have to make a detour each time he went out and came back; so one day he summoned his family to discuss the matter.
“Suppose we work together to level the mountains " he suggested.
“Then we can open a road southward to the bank of the Han River."To this they all agreed. Only his wife was dubious.
“You haven't the strength to level even a small hill," she objected.“How can you move these two mountains Besides, where will you dump all the earth and rocks ”
“We'll dump them in the sea,” was the reply.
Then the Fool set out with his son and grandson, the three of them carrying poles. They dug up stones and earth, and carried them in baskets to the sea. A neighbour of theirs named Jing was a widow with a son of seven or eight, and this boy went with them to help them. It took them several months to make one trip.
A man living at the river bend, who was called the Wise Man, laughed at their efforts and did his best to stop them.
“Enough of this folly!” he cried. “How stupid this is! Old and weak as you are, you won't be able to remove even a fraction of the mountains. How can you dispose of so much earth and stones ”
The Fool heaved a long sigh.
“How dull and dense you are!” he said. “You haven't even the sense of the widow's young son. Though I shall die, I shall leave behind me my son, and my son's sons, and so on from generation to generation.Since these mountains can't grow any larger, why shouldn't we be able to level them ”
Then the Wise Man had nothing to say.
全文翻译
愚公移山
太行和王屋两座山，方圆七百里，高万丈。
在这两座山的北面，住着一位年近九十的老人，名叫愚公。他的房子正对着这两座山，他每次出门和回家都得绕路，觉得非常不方便；于是有一天，他召集家人来商量这件事。
“我们一起来铲平这两座山怎么样？”他提议道。“这样我们就可以开辟一条直通汉水南岸的路。”家人都同意了这一点。只有他的妻子表示怀疑。
“你连一座小山丘的力气都没有，”她反对说。“你怎么能移走这两座山呢？而且，你要把所有的泥土和石头倒到哪里去呢？”
“我们会把它们倒进海里。”大家回答道。
于是，愚公带着他的儿子和孙子出发了，三个人都挑着扁担。他们挖起石头和泥土，用篮子挑到海边。他们的一个邻居姓京，是个寡妇，有个七八岁的儿子，这个男孩也去帮助他们。他们需要好几个月才能往返一次。
一个住在河湾处、被称为智叟的人，嘲笑他们的努力，并竭力阻止他们。
“别干这种傻事了！”他喊道。“这是多么愚蠢啊！你年老体弱，连山的一角都移不掉。你怎么能处理掉这么多的泥土和石头呢？”
愚公长叹一声。
“你是多么迂腐迟钝啊！”他说。“你连寡妇家的小孩子的见识都没有。虽然我会死，但我会留下我的儿子，我儿子的儿子，就这样一代代传下去。既然这些山不会再长大了，为什么我们不能把它们铲平呢？”
这时，智叟无话可说了。
逐句解析与高频语块
1. 原文: Taihang and Wangwu Mountains are some seven hundred li around, and hundreds of thousands of feet high.
翻译： 太行和王屋两座山，方圆七百里，高万丈。
生词与语块：
some (adv.) /s m/: 大约，左右 (相当于about)。
li (n.) /li /: 里 (中国长度单位)。
hundreds of thousands of: 固定表达，意为“数十万的，成千上万的”。
造句: There were hundreds of thousands of people at the concert. (演唱会上有成千上万的人。)
2. 原文: North of these mountains lived an old man of nearly ninety, who was called the Fool.
翻译： 在这两座山的北面，住着一位年近九十的老人，名叫愚公。
生词与语块：
North of... lived...: 这是一个倒装句。为了描述生动，将地点状语North of these mountains提前，主语是an old man，谓语是lived。
who was called...: who引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰an old man，意为“他被称作…”。
造句: In the forest stands a very old tree. (森林里矗立着一棵非常古老的树。)
3. 原文: His house faced these mountains, and he found it very inconvenient to have to make a detour each time he went out and came back; so one day he summoned his family to discuss the matter.
翻译： 他的房子正对着这两座山，他每次出门和回家都得绕路，觉得非常不方便；于是有一天，他召集家人来商量这件事。
生词与语块：
faced (v.) /fe st/: 面向，面对。
inconvenient (adj.) / nk n vi ni nt/: 不方便的。
detour (n.) / di t r/: 绕行。
summoned (v.) / s m nd/: 召集，召唤。
found it very inconvenient to...: find it + adj. + to do sth. 固定结构，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是to have to make a detour。
each time: 引导时间状语从句，意为“每次…”。
造句: I find it difficult to understand this article. (我发现理解这篇文章很难。)
4. 原文: “Suppose we work together to level the mountains " he suggested.
翻译： “我们一起来铲平这两座山怎么样？”他提议道。
生词与语块：
level (v.) / levl/: 使平坦，铲平。
Suppose we... : 固定句式，用于提出建议，意为“我们…怎么样？”
造句: Suppose we go swimming this afternoon (我们今天下午去游泳怎么样？)
5. 原文: “Then we can open a road southward to the bank of the Han River." To this they all agreed.
翻译： “这样我们就可以开辟一条直通汉水南岸的路。”家人都同意了这一点。
生词与语块：
southward (adv.) / sa θw rd/: 向南。
bank (n.) /b k/: 河岸。
To this they all agreed.: 倒装结构，为了强调“对此”，正常语序是：They all agreed to this.
造句: —We need to save money. —To this I fully agree. (—我们需要省钱。—对此我完全同意。)
6. 原文: Only his wife was dubious.
翻译： 只有他的妻子表示怀疑。
生词与语块：
dubious (adj.) / du bi s/: 怀疑的，不确定的 (相当于doubtful)。
造句: I'm dubious about his promise. (我对他的承诺表示怀疑。)
7. 原文: “You haven't the strength to level even a small hill," she objected.
翻译： “你连一座小山丘的力气都没有，”她反对说。
生词与语块：
objected (v.) / b d ekt d/: 反对。
haven't the strength to...: 固定表达，“没有力气去做…”。
造句: After the marathon, I had no strength to walk. (马拉松赛后，我都没力气走路了。)
8. 原文: “How can you move these two mountains Besides, where will you dump all the earth and rocks ”
翻译： “你怎么能移走这两座山呢？而且，你要把所有的泥土和石头倒到哪里去呢？”
生词与语块：
dump (v.) /d mp/: 倾倒，丢弃。
How can you... : 反问句，表示怀疑或惊讶，“你怎么能…？”
Besides: 副词，意为“而且，此外”，用于补充另一个理由。
造句: It's late. Besides, it's starting to rain. (天晚了。而且，开始下雨了。)
9. 原文: “We'll dump them in the sea,” was the reply.
翻译： “我们会把它们倒进海里。”大家回答道。
(此句简单，无生词)
10. 原文: Then the Fool set out with his son and grandson, the three of them carrying poles.
翻译： 于是，愚公带着他的儿子和孙子出发了，三个人都挑着扁担。
生词与语块：
set out: 短语动词，意为“出发，开始”。
the three of them carrying poles: 独立主格结构，作伴随状语，描述他们出发时的状态。
造句: They set out on their journey at dawn. (他们在黎明时分踏上了旅程。)
11. 原文: They dug up stones and earth, and carried them in baskets to the sea.
翻译： 他们挖起石头和泥土，用篮子挑到海边。
生词与语块：
dug up (v.) /d ɡ p/: 挖出 (dig up的过去式)。
造句: The dog dug up a bone in the garden. (狗在花园里挖出了一根骨头。)
12. 原文: A neighbour of theirs named Jing was a widow with a son of seven or eight, and this boy went with them to help them.
翻译： 他们的一个邻居姓京，是个寡妇，有个七八岁的儿子，这个男孩也去帮助他们。
生词与语块：
widow (n.) / w do /: 寡妇。
named Jing: 过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰neighbour，意为“名叫京的”。
with a son of seven or eight: 介词短语作后置定语，修饰widow，意为“带着一个七八岁儿子的”。
造句: The man named Tom is our new teacher. (那个叫汤姆的男人是我们的新老师。)
13. 原文: It took them several months to make one trip.
翻译： 他们需要好几个月才能往返一次。
生词与语块：
It took them... to make one trip: It takes (sb.) + time + to do sth. 固定句式，表示“做某事花费（某人）多少时间”。
造句: It took me two hours to finish my homework. (我花了两个小时完成作业。)
14. 原文: A man living at the river bend, who was called the Wise Man, laughed at their efforts and did his best to stop them.
翻译： 一个住在河湾处、被称为智叟的人，嘲笑他们的努力，并竭力阻止他们。
生词与语块：
river bend: 短语，意为“河湾”。
laughed at: 短语动词，意为“嘲笑”。
did his best to: 固定表达，意为“尽力去做…”。
造句: She did her best to help the poor child. (她尽了全力去帮助那个可怜的孩子。)
15. 原文: “Enough of this folly!” he cried.
翻译： “别干这种傻事了！”他喊道。
生词与语块：
folly (n.) / f li/: 愚蠢，傻事。
Enough of...!: 固定表达，表示“停止…！受够了…！”
造句: Enough of your complaints! (别再抱怨了！)
16. 原文: “How stupid this is! Old and weak as you are, you won't be able to remove even a fraction of the mountains.”
翻译： “这是多么愚蠢啊！你年老体弱，连山的一角都移不掉。”
生词与语块：
fraction (n.) / fr k n/: 一小部分。
Old and weak as you are: 这是一个让步状语从句的倒装结构，等于“Although you are old and weak”，起强调作用，意为“尽管你年老体弱”。
造句: Tired as he was, he continued working. (尽管他很累，他还是继续工作。)
17. 原文: “How can you dispose of so much earth and stones ”
翻译： “你怎么能处理掉这么多的泥土和石头呢？”
生词与语块：
dispose of: 短语动词，意为“处理掉，解决”。
so much: 修饰不可数名词，意为“如此多的”。
造句: How did you dispose of the old furniture (你是怎么处理掉旧家具的？)
18. 原文: The Fool heaved a long sigh.
翻译： 愚公长叹一声。
生词与语块：
heaved a sigh: 固定搭配，意为“叹了一口气” (heave的过去式)。
造句: She heaved a sigh of relief when the test was over. (考试结束时，她宽慰地松了一口气。)
19. 原文: “How dull and dense you are!” he said.
翻译： “你是多么迂腐迟钝啊！”他说。
生词与语块：
dull (adj.) /d l/: 迟钝的，愚笨的。
dense (adj.) /dens/: (口语)愚钝的，理解力差的。
How dull and dense you are!: How + adj. + 主语 + 谓语! 构成的感叹句。
造句: How clever you are! (你真聪明！)
20. 原文: “You haven't even the sense of the widow's young son.”
翻译： “你连寡妇家的小孩子的见识都没有。”
生词与语块：
sense (n.) /sens/: 见识，判断力。
haven't the sense of...: “没有…的见识/理智”。
造句: He had the sense to take an umbrella. (他有带伞的常识。)
21. 原文: “Though I shall die, I shall leave behind me my son, and my son's sons, and so on from generation to generation.”
翻译： “虽然我会死，但我会留下我的儿子，我儿子的儿子，就这样一代代传下去。”
生词与语块：
leave behind: 短语动词，意为“留下”。
and so on: 固定表达，意为“等等，依此类推”。
from generation to generation: 固定短语，意为“一代一代地”。
造句: This story has been passed down from generation to generation. (这个故事被一代代传了下来。)
22. 原文: “Since these mountains can't grow any larger, why shouldn't we be able to level them ”
翻译： “既然这些山不会再长大了，为什么我们不能把它们铲平呢？”
生词与语块：
Since...: 引导原因状语从句，意为“既然…”。
Why shouldn't we... : 强有力的反问句，意为“我们为什么不能…？”，表达强烈的信心和决心。
造句: Since you are here, why shouldn't we start now (既然你来了，我们为什么不现在开始呢？)
23. 原文: Then the Wise Man had nothing to say.
翻译： 这时，智叟无话可说了。
生词与语块：
had nothing to say: 固定表达，意为“无话可说”。
造句: Faced with the evidence, he had nothing to say. (面对证据，他无话可说。)
《The Foolish Old Man Who Removed the Mountains》练习
一、词汇配对 (Vocabulary Matching) (10分)
请将左列的单词与右列正确的中文意思连接起来。
detour A. 子孙后代
summon B. 处理掉
descendants C. 绕行
dispose of D. 毅力
perseverance E. 召集
二、短语填空 (Phrase Filling) (15分)
请用方框中短语的适当形式填空，使句子完整、通顺。
so... that..., find it + adj. + to..., did his best to, Suppose we..., from generation to generation
1.The mountains were _______________ huge _______________ they blocked the way completely.
2.The old man _______________ inconvenient to make a detour every day.
3._______________ work together to clean the park this weekend
4.The wise man _______________ stop the Foolish Old Man.
5.This valuable tradition has been passed down _______________.
三、单项选择 (Multiple Choice) (15分)
1.Why did the Foolish Old Man want to remove the mountains
A. Because he wanted to become famous.
B. Because the mountains made his journeys long and difficult.
C. Because the God of Heaven ordered him to do so.
2.What was his wife's main concern
A. She thought the work was too easy.
B. She was worried about where to put all the earth and rocks.
C. She didn't want her son to help.
3.Who helped the Foolish Old Man besides his family
A. The Wise Man.
B. The God of Heaven.
C. The widow's young son.
4.How did the Foolish Old Man answer the Wise Man's doubt
A. He said his family would continue the work forever until the mountains were gone.
B. He asked the Wise Man to help him.
C. He admitted that he was wrong.
5.What is the key spirit shown by the Foolish Old Man in this story
A. Perseverance and determination.
B. Strength and power.
C. Wisdom and intelligence.
四、回译练习 (Back Translation) (30分)
请将下列中文句子翻译成英文，注意使用课文中的核心词汇和表达结构。
1.太行和王屋两座山，方圆七百里，高万丈。
2.他的房子正对着这两座山。
3.他召集家人来商量这件事。
4.我们一起来铲平这两座山怎么样？
5.你要把所有的泥土和石头倒到哪里去呢？
6.山如此之高，以至于完全挡住了路。
7.这个七八岁的男孩也去帮助他们。
8.智叟嘲笑他们的努力，并竭力阻止他们。
9.尽管你年老体弱，你连山的一角都移不掉。
10.既然这些山不会再长大了，为什么我们不能把它们铲平呢？
五、阅读理解 (Reading Comprehension) (30分)
根据课文内容，回答下列问题。
1.List two difficulties that the Foolish Old Man and his family faced in moving the mountains.
Difficulty 1: _________________________________________________
Difficulty 2: _________________________________________________
2.What was the Wise Man's main argument against the Foolish Old Man's plan (Use one sentence from the text if possible)
3.What is the main lesson (moral) of this story How can we use this spirit in our own studies
参考答案及解析
一、词汇配对
C (detour - 绕行)
E (summon - 召集)
A (descendants - 子孙后代)
B (dispose of - 处理掉)
D (perseverance - 毅力)
二、短语填空
1.so... that... (解析：固定句式，表示“如此…以至于…”，山如此之大以至于完全挡住了路。)
2.found it + adj. + to... (解析：固定结构，老人觉得每天绕行很不方便。)
3.Suppose we... (解析：用于提出建议的固定句式，“我们这个周末一起打扫公园怎么样？”)
4.did his best to (解析：固定表达，“尽力去做…”，智叟尽力去阻止愚公。)
5.from generation to generation (解析：固定短语，“一代一代地”，这个宝贵的传统被一代代传承下来。)
三、单项选择
1.B (课文原句："he found it very inconvenient to have to make a detour each time he went out and came back".)
2.B (课文原句："where will you dump all the earth and rocks ".)
3.C (课文原句："this boy went with them to help them." 这个男孩指的就是寡妇的儿子。)
4.A (课文原句："I shall leave behind me my son, and my son's sons, and so on from generation to generation... Why shouldn't we be able to level them ".)
5.A (故事的核心精神是毅力和决心，而非单纯的力量或智慧。)
四、回译练习 (参考答案)
1.Taihang and Wangwu Mountains are some seven hundred li around, and hundreds of thousands of feet high.
2.His house faced these mountains.
3.He summoned his family to discuss the matter.
4.Suppose we work together to level the mountains
5.Where will you dump all the earth and rocks
6.The mountains were so high that they completely blocked the way.
7.This boy of seven or eight went to help them too.
8.The Wise Man laughed at their efforts and did his best to stop them.
9.Old and weak as you are, you won't be able to remove even a fraction of the mountains.
10.Since these mountains can't grow any larger, why shouldn't we be able to level them
五、阅读理解 (参考答案)
1.Difficulty 1: The mountains were enormous (hundreds of thousands of feet high). / 山非常巨大（高万丈）。
Difficulty 2: It took them a very long time to transport the earth and stones (several months for one trip). / 运送土石需要很长时间（往返一次要数月）。
(其他合理答案也可，如：His wife and the Wise Man doubted him./ 他的妻子和智叟都怀疑他。)
2.The Wise Man's main argument was: "Old and weak as you are, you won't be able to remove even a fraction of the mountains." / 智叟的主要论点是：“你年老体弱，连山的一角都移不掉。”
3.The main lesson is that with perseverance and determination, we can overcome seemingly impossible difficulties. / 核心寓意是，只要有毅力和决心，我们就能克服看似不可能的困难。
How to use it: In our studies, when we face a difficult subject or a lot of homework, we shouldn't give up easily. We should keep working hard bit by bit, just like the Foolish Old Man moving the mountains stone by stone. / 在学习中，当我们面对一门难的学科或很多作业时，我们不应轻易放弃。我们应该像愚公移山一样，一点一点地持续努力。

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