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Unit 2 Getting along
一、单 词
名 词
giant（儿童故事中的）巨人 gate（栅栏或围墙上的）大门 skating 滑冰，溜冰 lane……巷 （常用于路名中
dividing line 分界线，界限 agreement（意见的）一致，相合 article（报刊的）文章，论文 suggestion 建议，提议
neighbour邻居，邻人 unhappiness 不幸 grade年级［新义v.分类］ adaptation（书或戏剧的）改编版
poem诗；韵文 comfort 安慰 hole洞，孔，坑 climax高潮，顶点
relative家人；亲戚 unit（计量用的）单位
动 词
shout 大声说，喊叫，呼喊 pass过去，流逝 attend 参加，出席，到场 divide （把……）分开
return 返回，回来，回去 allow 允许，容许，准许 argue争论，争吵
形容词
selfish自私的，自私自利的（含贬义） lively充满活力的，生气勃勃的 cheerful高兴的 afraid 害怕的，恐惧的
priceless 极其贵重的；无价的 uncertain不确定的，无把握的 narrow 狭窄的［新义adj.目光短浅的 v.变窄；缩小］ ashamed（因自己所做的事而）羞耻的，内疚的，惭愧的
副 词
differently 不同地 deeply 非常，很深地 recently最近，近来，不久前 perhaps可能，大概
inside在（容器或其他封闭的空间）里面；往里面
代 词 theirs他们的，她们的（用于指代属于前面所提之人的东西） whom谁，什么人
连 词 nor也不 whenever每当
介词 since 自从……以来；自从……之后
单词变形
1．build（v.建筑；建造）→building（n.建筑物；房子） 2．introduction（n.开始；介绍；引言）→introduce （v.介绍） 3．lively（adj.充满活力的；生气勃勃的）→live（adj.活的；现场直播的）→alive（adj.活着的） 4．priceless（adj.极其贵重的；无价的）→price（n.价格，价钱） 5．recently（adv.最近，近来，不久前）→recent（adj.最近的；近来的；新近的） 6．personal（adj.人际的；个人的；私人的）→person（n.人，个人） 7．narrow（adj．狭窄的）→wide（adj．宽的；广泛的） 8．argue（v.争论，争吵）→argument（n.争论；争吵；论证） 9．agreement［n.（意见的）一致，相合］→disagreement（n.分歧，不一致）→agree（v.同意） 10．relative（n.家人；亲戚）→relate（v.联系，把……联系起来）→relation（n.关系，关联） 11．poem（n.诗；韵文）→poet（n.诗人） 12．inside［adv.在（容器或其他封闭的空间）里面；往里面］→outside（adv.在……外面） 13．neighbour（n.邻居，邻人）→neighbourhood （n.街区） 14．deeply（adv.非常，很深地）→deep（adj.深的）→depth（n.深度）
二、短语
短语 1．agree with同意 2．here and there 到处 3．be away 离开 4．come back回来；返回 5．in a（n）... voice用……的声音 6．run away 跑开；逃走 7．build a high wall 筑起一道高墙 8．for a while一段时间 9．jump out of... 从……跳起来 10．look outside 向外看 11．cover... with... 用……盖住…… 12．fly about 四处飞，到处飞 13．knock down 拆毁 14．make friends with与……交朋友 15．since then 从那时起 16．receive birthday gifts 收到生日礼物 17．do things differently 做事与众不同 18．for the past... year（s）在过去的……年里 19．set up建立；设立；创建 20．attend social events 参加社交活动 21．personal relationships 人际关系 22．feel like 感觉像 23．show doubt表示怀疑 24．be afraid of... 害怕…… 25．be busy with... 忙于…… 26．keep doing sth．一直做某事 27．join the skating club 加入滑冰俱乐部 28．argue over／about... 因……而争吵 29．ask for advice 征求建议 30．as time continues to drift 随着时间推移 31．with the help of在……的帮助下 32．reach an agreement 达成一致 33．have an argument over／about 因……争论 34．step back 退一步 35．hear sb．doing sth．听到某人正在做某事 36．so... that... 如此……以至于…… 37．lead to... 导致…… 38．either... or... 或者……或者……；要么……要么…… 39．plan to do sth．计划做某事 40．make sb．feel happy 使某人感到高兴 41．try to do sth．尽力做某事 42．be excited about doing sth．对做某事感到兴奋
三、句型
句型 1．How＋形容词／副词（十主语＋谓语）！（……）多么……！ How selfish I’ve been！我一直是多么自私呀！ 2．either....or.... 要么……要么……；或者……或者…… Do you know a story with a similar message, either from a book or from your own life 你知道一个有类似主题的故事吗？可以是一本书中的或者来自你自己的生活的故事。 do sth.做某事对某人来说是……的。 It is often difficult for people to talk about their fears with others. 对人们来说，跟别人谈论他们的恐惧往往很难。 4．How did you feel about...？你觉得……么样？ 5．What if... ？如果……会怎么样呢？ 6．Why not... ？为什么不……？
练 习 一
1．根据句意及汉语提示完成单词
1.As we all know, China has a （巨大的）population.
2.I haven't （收到）a letter from her yet.
3.I'm always （焦虑的）before a big exam.
4.In （回报）, we gave them some farm products.
5.It was （自私的）of him to leave all the work to you.
II.用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.I have started learning to cook (recent).
2.Time spent with family is (price).I will always value it.
3.Our books are all here, and (their)are over there.
4.We will build another two (build)around here.
5.The party was (live) and everyone was dancing and having a great time.
III..单项选择
1.The city Zibo is popular many people want to go there for a trip this year.
A.so; that B.such; that C.too; to D.very; that
2.My hometown has changed a lot the subway was put into use.
A.unless B.since C.if D.when
3.-Can I book a ticket for Friday
-Sorry, we have left. How about one for Saturday
A.some B.no one C.none D.all
4.-Hi, Jack! I’m just going to the practice for the concert. Are you coming to play your violin
, Carl, I have to finish my report today.
You'd better not B.It doesn't matter
C.I'm afraid not D.Don't worry
练 习 二
I.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词
1. （也许）they are not interested in the project.
2.The couple often （争吵）over their child's behaviour.
3.Our teacher often （分开）us into two groups to play basketball.
4.During the Spring Festival, we often visit our （亲戚）.
5.My father often （鼓励）me to face problems bravely.
II.用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.Finally, they came to an (agree)about this thing.
2.We became the best of friends and he influenced me (deep).
3.This is the (divide) line between the two cities.
4.The successful man has his (person)company.
5.She was very (please) with her exam results.
III.单项选择
1.Bob is famous his articles, and he is also famous a speaker.
A.for; as B.as; for C.as; as D.for; for
2.My teacher encouraged me English as much as possible.
A.speaking B.speak C.to speak
3.-Is it necessary us some photos before saving the old man
-Yes, it is. We can protect ourselves if we do so.
A.of; taking B.for; taking C.of; to take D.for; to take
4.-Thank you for the you gave me.
-I'm glad they're helpful.
A.suggestions B.advice C.news D.information
练 习 三
I.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词
1.The organization plans to （创造）more jobs for young people.
2.He is the only person that is （可相信的）.
3.We all know the （重要性）of learning English.
4.You should get your parents’ （同意）before you leave for London.
5.You can ask for help （每当）you need it.
II.单项选择
1.-Who is at the door？
-A deliveryman（快递员）or wanting to sell his new products.
A.everybody B.anybody C.somebody D.nobody
2.-Can you give me some on learning English well
-Sure. Watching English programs is a good way.
A.news B.advice C.decisions D.messages
3.Most neighbours the habit of square dancing to create a quieter environment for us.
A.get into B.care about C.carry on D.give up
4.-I didn’t hear you come in just now.
-That's good. I tried the baby up.
A.to wake B.not to wake C.waking
练习一答案
I.l.large 2.received 3.stressed 4.return 5.selfish
II.1.recently 2.priceless 3.theirs 4.buildings 5.lively
III.1．A 解析：句意：淄博市是一个如此受欢迎的城市以至于今年许多人想去那里旅行。so...that...如此……以至于……，so后面用形容词或副词；such...that...如此……以至于……，such后面用名词；too...to...太……而不能……，to后面用动词原形；very...that...形式错误，没有这种用法。根据形容词“popular”和从句“many people want to go there for a trip this year”可知，应用“so＋形容词＋that...”结构。故选A。
2．B 解析：句意：自从地铁投入使用以来，我的家乡变化很大。unless除非；since 自从；if 如果；when当……的时候。根据“My hometown has changed a lot... the subway was put into use，”可知，从句是一般过去时，主句是现在完成时，应用since引导时间状语从句。故选B。
3．C 解析：句意：-我能预订一张周五的票吗？-对不起，我们一张也没有了。周六的怎么样？由空前的“Sorry”及空后的“How about one for Saturday？”可知，周五的票没有了，故排除A、D两项。no one指人，none既可指人又可指物，设空处指票，应用none。故选C。
4．C 解析：句意：-嗨，杰克！我正要去参加音乐会的排练。你要来拉小提琴吗？-恐怕不行，卡尔。我今天必须完成我的报告。A项意为“你最好不要”；B 项意为“没关系”；C项意为“恐怕不行”；D项意为“别担心”。根据句意可知选C。
练习二答案
I.1.Perhaps 2.argue 3.divides 4.relatives 5.encourages
II.1.1.agreement 2.deeply 3.dividing 4.personal 5.pleased
III.1．A 解析：句意：鲍勃以他的文章而闻名，他也作为一名演讲家而闻名。be famous for...因……而闻名；be famous as...作为……而闻名。根据句意可知选A。
2．C 解析：句意：我的老师鼓励我尽可能多地说英语。encourage sb.to do sth.意为“鼓励某人做某事”，为固定搭配。故选C。
3．D 解析：句意：-对我们来说，在救那位老人之前拍些照片有必要吗？-是的，有必要。如果我们这样做，我们就能保护我们自己。根据necessary为描述事物特征的形容词及句子结构可知，此处是“It is＋adj.＋for sb.＋to do sth.”句型。故选D。
4．A 解析：句意：-感谢你给我的那些建议。-我很高兴它们有用。suggestion“建议”，是可数名词；advice “建议”，news“新闻”，information“信息”，均为不可数名词。根据答语中的“they’re”可知，设空处应用可数名词复数，只有suggestions是可数名词复数。故选A。
练习三答案
I.1.create 2.believable 3.importance 4.agreement 5.whenever
II.1．C 解析：句意：-谁在门口？-快递员或者某个想要销售他的新产品的人。everybody每个人；anybody任何人；somebody 某人，有人；nobody没有人。由语境可知，此处是指“某个想要销售他的新产品的人”。故选C。
2．B 解析：句意：-你能给我一些学好英语的建议吗？-当然可以。看英语节目是一个好方法。news 新闻；advice 建议；decisions决定；messages信息。根据“Watching English programs is a good way.”可知，这里给的是学好英语的建议，设空处指“建议”。故选B。
3．D 解析：句意；为了给我们创造一个更安静的环境，大多数邻居都放弃了跳广场舞的习惯。get into 陷入；care about 关心；carry on 继续；give up 放弃。根据“to create a quieter environment for us”可知，是放弃跳广场舞以创造更安静的环境。故选D。
4．B 解析：句意：-刚才我没有听见你进来。-很好。我尽力不吵醒孩子。try not to do sth. 意为“尽力不做某事”，符合句意。故选B。现在完成时（二）
1．for和since的用法
现在完成时常与for或since引出的表示一段时间的状语连用。具体用法如下：
单词 用法
for 后接一段时间
since 后接表示过去的时间点
后接“一段时间＋ago”
后接从句，从句用一般过去时
He has kept the book for two weeks. 这本书他已经借了两周了。
I have been here since 1989. 从1989年起我就在这里了。
This shop has been closed since five months ago. 五个月前这家店就关门了。
She has taught us since I came to this school. 自从我来到这所学校，她就一直教我们。
［注意］在现在完成时中“for＋一段时间”可与“since＋一段时间＋ago”互换。
I have been here for five months.= have been here since five months ago.
五个月前我就在这儿了。
2．含since的两种特殊句型
（1）It is／has been＋一段时间＋since从句．
（2）一段时间＋have／has passed＋since从句．
在这两个句型中，since从句的谓语动词都要用非延续性动词，且从句要用一般过去时。这两个句型可以相互转换。
It is/has been fifty years since Mr Chen came to this town. = Fifty years have passed since Mr Chen came to this town.
陈先生来到这个城镇已有50年了。
（江苏南通中考）It is almost half a year workers started building the underground Line 1 in Nantong.
A.when B.since C.before D.after
答案：B 解析：句意：从工人们开始在南通修建地铁1号线到现在已经将近半年了。此处是“It is十一段时间＋since从句.”句型，表示“从做某事到现在已经多长时间了”。故选B。
3．延续性动词和非延续性动词的用法
（1）含义
英语中的动词根据动作发生的方式和发生过程的长短，可以分为延续性动词和非延续性动词两种。延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。非延续性动词也叫终止性动词、瞬间动词等，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后即刻停止。
（2）用法
①常见的延续性动词有learn、work、live、know、walk、watch、sleep、stay、wait、keep等。延续性动词可以用在现在完成时中与表示一段时间的状语连用，如for＋时间段、since＋过去的时间点（since 1990、since last year、since then）、since引导的时间状语从句、since＋一段时间+agO等。在对for＋时间段或since引出的时间状语提问时用how long。
-How long have you worked here 你在这里工作多久了？
-Since 10 years ago．从十年前开始。
②常见的非延续性动词有open、close、die、begin、come、go、borrow、lend、buy、move等。它们可以用于现在完成时，说明某个动作的结果还存在，但不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。
The Whites have come back for two days.(X)The Whites have come back.( )
③在否定句中，非延续性动词可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。
I haven't heard from Ann for a month. 我已经有一个月没收到安的信了。
（3）当非延续性动词与表示一段时间的状语相矛盾时，常用以下方法进行转换：
①用ago把现在完成时的句子改为一般过去时。
She has left the town for five days.(X)
She left the town five days ago.( )
②用“一段时间＋have／has passed＋since 从句.”句型改写。
He has borrowed the novel for two weeks.(x)
Two weeks have passed since he borrowed the novel.( )
③用“It is／has been十一段时间＋since从句.”
句型改写：
His grandmother has died for a few years.(x)
It is/has been a few years since his grandmother died.( )
④用系表结构（be动词＋形容词／副词）改写或用相应的延续性动词代替非延续性动词。
come/arrive/go-be in/at begin/start→be on marry→be married
finish/end/stop-be over open-be open die→be dead leave-be away
close→be closed fall asleep→be asleep fall ill→be ill come back→be back
join→be a member of/be in become→be buy→have
borrow→keep put on→wear catch a cold→have a cold
［拓展］①have／has been in... 表示“在某地待了多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用。
We have been in this town for a week. 我们已经在这个镇上待了一周了。
Her aunt has been in Tokyo for five days. 她的姑姑在东京待了五天了。
②除了表示经历和持续至今的行为或状态外，现在完成时还表示到目前为止量的积累，常跟表示做某事的次数或量的多少的短语连用。
I have read the book three times. 这本书我已经读过三遍了。
I have learnt 20 English songs. 我已学会了20首英文歌曲。
I have collected 300 stamps. 我已经收集了300枚邮票。
语法训练
一.单项选择
1．（2023河北中考）This book must be great．My sister it five times.
A.reads B.has read C.is reading D.was reading
2.-Mary, I remember you several years ago.
-Yes, I for 3 years.
A.married; have married B.married; married
C.married; have been married D.have married; have been married
3.Our foreign teacher Mr Green us English since three years ago.
A.has taught B.is teaching C.taught D.teaches
4.Mr Fan this watch in 2005. He it for many years.
A.bought; has had B.bought; has C.has bought; has D.has bought; had
5.I ate some fruit, which I since I was a child, and the vegetables from my garden.
A.have enjoyed B.enjoyed C.enjoy D.had enjoyed
二.同义句转换
1.His father died ten years ago.
His father for ten years.
2. Mr Zhang has taught in this school since 2002.
Mr Zhang has taught in this school over 20 years.
3. She left Tokyo three years ago.
She Tokyo for three years.
4.The meeting began ten minutes ago.
The meeting for ten minutes.
5.Frank borrowed my bike two days ago.
Frank my bike for
语法训练 答案
一.单项选择
1．B 解析：句意：这本书一定很不错。我妹妹已经看了五遍了。根据“five times”可判断，此处表示到目前为止做某事的次数，应用现在完成时。故选B。
2．C 解析：句意：-玛丽，我记得你几年前结婚了。-是的，我已经结婚三年了，对话中第一句的时间状语是“several yeats ago”，因此要用一般过去时；根据第二句话中的“for 3 years＂可知，第二空应用现在完成时，并且要用延续性动词be married，故选C。
3．A 解析：句意：我们的外语老师格林先生自从三年前一直教我们英语。“since十一段时间十ago”为现在完成时的标志。故选A。
4．A 解析：句意：范先生在2005年买了这块手表。他已经买了许多年了。“in 2005”为一般过去时的标志词，所以第一空应用一般过去时；根据“for many years”可知，第二空应用现在完成时。故选A。
5．A 解析：根据“since I was a child”可知，设空处应用现在完成时。故选A。
二.同义句转换
1.has been dead
2.for
3.has been away from
4.has been on
5.has kept; two days

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