【学霸速记巧练】 Unit 3 Make it happen 知识清单(原卷版+解析版) 外研版八年级上册

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【学霸速记巧练】 Unit 3 Make it happen 知识清单(原卷版+解析版) 外研版八年级上册

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Unit 3 Make it happen
话题 发明创造
功能 1.能用所学词汇和句型介绍发明的基本信息 2.能读懂关于发明故事类的短文,理解文章主旨 3.能运用单元所学知识撰写简短的内容完整的小短文
单 词 1. 展览会 n. fair 2. 电 n. electricity 3. 机器 n. machine 4. 千克, 公斤 n. kilogram 5. 锁眼, 钥匙孔 n. keyhole 6. 广告;启事 n. advertisement 7. 天资, 天赋, 才能 n. talent 8. 先驱, 先锋, 创始人 n. pioneer 9. 物体 n. object 10. 地震 n. earthquake 11. 一块(指木头、石头等有直边的硬物) n. block 12. 解决(问题) v. fix 13. 试验, 检验 v. test 14. 应用, 运用 v. apply 15. 使忧虑, 使苦恼 v. trouble 16. 下载 v. download 17. 警告, 告诫;提醒 v. warn 18. 借给, 借出 v. lend 19. 检测并记录 v. sense 20. 促使 v. drive 21. 盲的, 失明的 adj. blind 22. 人造的, 人工的 adj. artificial 23. 日常的;平常的;每天的 adj. everyday 24. 将来的, 未来的 adj. future 25.尽管, 虽然 prep. despite
词 汇 拓 展 1.失败 v. fail→失败 n. failure 2.打印 v. print→打印机 n. printer 3.光;光线 n. light→闪电 n. lightning 4. 创造 v. create→有创造力的 adj. creative 5. 广泛的;宽的 adj. wide→广泛地 adv. widely 6. 重;重量是…… v. weigh→重量;分量 n. weight 7. 冒险举动 n. risk→有危险的;有风险的 adj. risky 8. 祝贺 v. congratulate→祝贺的话 n. congratulations 9. 想象 v. imagine→富有想象力的;创新的 adj. imaginative 10. 发明, 创造 v. invent→发明(物) n. invention→发明者, 发明家 n. inventor 11. 好奇的;求知欲强的 adj. curious→好奇地 adv. curiously→好奇心 n. curiosity 12. 价格为, 需支付(某一数量的钱) v. cost→(过去式)cost→(过去分词)cost 13. 探索;探讨;探究 v. explore→探险者;勘察者 n. explorer→探索;探险;勘探;勘查 n. exploration
短 语 1. 能够 be able to 2. 错过 miss out 3. 亲自 by oneself 4. 挣钱 make money 5. 假肢 artificial arm 6. 做研究 do research 7. 避雷针 lightning rod 8. 从事;致力于 work on 9. 想出, 提出 come up with 10. 地动仪 earthquake detector 11. 日常问题 everyday problem 12. 智能手杖 smart walking stick 13. 失去生命;丧生 lose one's life 14. 使某人大为惊讶 blow sb. away 15. 探索新世界 discover a new world 16. 向某人伸出援手 lend a hand to sb. 17. 挡某人的路;妨碍某人 in one's way 18. 意想不到的发明 unexpected inventions 19. 把……粘到/贴到……上 stick…to… 20. 发生;进行 go on
句 型 1. 他是用塑料积木和钓鱼线制作的。 He built it out of plastic blocks and fishing line. 2. 一旦它检测到一个物体,它就会开始震动以警示使用者。 Once it senses an object, it starts shaking to warn the user. 3. 他还希望在高中毕业后将它应用到现实生活中。 He also hoped to apply it to real life after finishing high school. 4. 他对太空非常好奇,甚至发明了一个“飞椅”! He was so curious about space that he invented a "flying chair"! 5. 看看万户,他是中国明朝时期的太空探索先驱。 Just look at Wan Hu, the Ming Dynasty pioneer of space exploration. 6. 他对电很着迷,并且对电的性质怀有强烈的好奇心。 He was drawn to electricity and had a deep curiosity about its nature. 7. 更糟糕的是,像她这样的孩子长得快,经常需要新的假肢。 What's worse, children like her grow quickly and need new arms all the time. 8. 并非每一项发明都是有意创造出来的。有时候,它完全是偶然产生的! Not every invention is created on purpose. Sometimes it's completely by accident! 9. 他喜欢一个接一个地解决问题。最终,他在23岁时获得了成功。 He enjoyed fixing problems one after another. And finally he hit on success at age 23. 10. 但好奇心不仅仅是冒险。它也会驱使人们走向特定的目标。 But curiosity is more than just taking risks. It also drives people towards certain goals. 11. 他决定将自己的设计免费发布到网上。人们可以用3D打印机制作出属于他们自己的(假肢)。 He decided to post his design online for free. People could make their own with 3-D printers. 12. 就像雅克·库斯托说过的:“究竟什么是科学家?就是一个好奇的人,试图通过大自然的钥匙孔,去探寻事物的真相。” As Jacques Cousteau said, "What is a scientist after all It is a curious man looking through a keyhole, the keyhole of nature, trying to know what's going on."
语法 动词不定式和动名词做宾语
写作 介绍某项发明和创造
知识点
考点 一 between和among
between 介词,意为“在……中间”,一般指两者之间
among 介词,指三者或三者以上之间
I sat down between Sue and Jane.
我在 Sue 和 Jane 中间坐了下来。
There is a small house among the tall trees.
在高大的树木中间有一栋小房子。
They walked among the crowds.
他们走在人群之中。
◆考点突破
1. My mother placed a cup of tea ______ my father and me before going out.
A. between B. among C. in D. on
答案:A
解析:题干中“my father and me”明确指向“两者”,结合考点,“两者之间”需用between,故排除表示“三者及以上之间”的B选项,C(在……里面,无“两者间”含义)、D(在……上面)也不符合语境,因此选A。
2. There are some colorful flowers ______ the green grass in the garden.
A. between B. among C. behind D. beside
答案:B
解析:“the green grass(青草)”是数量不确定的三者及以上事物,符合“among用于三者或三者以上之间”的考点;A选项仅适用于两者,C(在……后面)、D(在……旁边)均无“多者间”含义,故选择B。
3. The teacher always shares interesting stories ______ the three groups in our class every Friday.
A. between B. among C. with D. for
答案:B
解析:题干中“the three groups(三个小组)”属于“三者及以上”,根据考点需用among;A选项限用于两者,C(和……一起,侧重“与某人分享”,不强调“在多者间分配”)、D(为了,表目的,与语境不符),因此选B。
考点二change one’s life 改变某人的生活
常见的life短语
the rest of one’s life 余生
working life 职业生涯
change one’s life 改变某人的生活
daily life 日常生活
for life 终身
In the daily life, developing habits helps make your brain stronger. 在日常生活中,养成习惯有助于使你的大脑更强大。
He has faced many challenges in life, but he never gave up. 他一生中面临了许多挑战,但他从未放弃。
◆考点突破
1. Reading good books when he was young ______ my grandfather’s life completely.
A. changed B. changes C. will change D. is changing
答案:A
解析:题干中“when he was young(他年轻时)”明确提示时态为一般过去时,“change one’s life”表示“改变某人的生活”,此处需用change的过去式changed;B(一般现在时,表常态)、C(一般将来时,表未来)、D(现在进行时,表正在进行)均不符合时态语境,故选择A。
2. After retiring(退休), my grandparents plan to travel around the country for ______.
A. the rest of their lives B. working life
C. daily life D. in life
答案:A
解析:结合“retiring(退休)”的语境,“余生”符合“退休后计划环游全国”的场景,“the rest of one’s life”表示“余生”,且主语“my grandparents”是复数,故用“their lives”;B(职业生涯,与“退休”语境矛盾)、C(日常生活,无法体现“退休后长期计划”)、D(一生中,为介词短语,不能与“for”搭配),因此选A。
3. Doing exercise for 30 minutes every morning has become an important part of my ______.
A. for life B. daily life C. change my life D. working life
答案:B
解析:“every morning(每天早上)”体现“日常性”,“daily life”表示“日常生活”,符合“每天锻炼30分钟成为重要部分”的语境;A(终身,为介词短语,不能作“of”的宾语)、C(改变我的生活,为动词短语,不能直接作“of”的宾语,且语法结构不符)、D(职业生涯,与“每天早上锻炼”的日常场景不匹配),故选择B。
考点三 cost的混淆词
cost 主语是物 指花费金钱,常用于“物+cost(s)+人+金钱”结构
pay 主语是人 指“付费,支付”,常与介词 for 搭配
take it 指花费时间,常用于“It takes/took sb. it some time to do sth.”结构
cost 作名词,意为“费用;花费;价钱;成本”。
They couldn’t pay for a worker, so the boy had to help. 他们雇不起工人,所以这个男孩不得不帮忙。
How long will it take me to get there
到那儿要花费我多长时间?
We did not even make enough money to cover the cost of the food. 我们挣的钱甚至无法糊口。
We have had to raise our prices because of rising costs. 因为成本日益上涨,我们不得不提高价格。
◆考点突破
1. This new smartphone ______ my brother 5,000 yuan last month.
A. cost B. paid C. took D. spent
答案:A
解析:题干主语“this new smartphone(这款新手机)”是“物”,宾语是“5,000 yuan(金钱)”,符合“cost主语是物、表花费金钱”的考点,且“last month”提示用过去式,cost的过去式仍为cost;B(paid主语需是人,且常与for搭配,如“sb. paid money for sth.”,此处主语是物,排除)、C(took表花费时间,不表花费金钱,排除)、D(spent主语需是人,如“sb. spent money on sth.”,此处主语是物,排除),故选择A。
2. It ______ my parents about two hours to prepare the family dinner every weekend.
A. cost B. took C. paid D. costed
答案:B
解析:题干结构为“It + 谓语 + sb. + 时间”,且宾语“two hours(两小时)”是“时间”,符合“take表花费时间,常用It takes/took sb. some time to do sth.结构”的考点;“every weekend”表常态,用一般现在时,It后接takes,此处选项中took(过去式)也符合语法逻辑(表过去每周的常态);A(cost表花费金钱,不表时间,排除)、C(paid主语需是人、表支付金钱,与时间和It开头的结构不符,排除)、D(cost无costed这一过去式,过去式仍为cost,语法错误,排除),故选择B。
3. My sister ______ 200 yuan for this beautiful dress in the shopping mall yesterday.
A. cost B. took C. paid D. take
答案:C
解析:题干主语“my sister(我姐姐)”是“人”,且搭配介词“for”,宾语“200 yuan(200元)”是金钱,符合“pay主语是人、常与for搭配表付费”的考点,“yesterday”提示用过去式paid;A(cost主语需是物,此处主语是人,排除)、B(took表花费时间,且主语需是It,排除)、D(take是原形,时态不符,且表时间、主语不符,排除),故选择C。
考点四lend的用法
lend v.帮助(某人)做事(尤指需要体力的事);(给某人)搭把手
【常用短语】
lend a hand 帮助;搭把手
lend support to sth. 为……提供帮助
The evidence they provided lends strong support to their argument. 他们提供的证据为他们的论点提供了有力的支持。
【拓展】
lend 表示“借出”,常用结构为 lend sth.(to sb.)或 lend sb. sth.
borrow 表示“借入”,常用结构为 borrow sth. from sb.
keep 本意为“留着;保留”,可引申为“借用”,用于表示借用的时间长度
—Can I borrow this book
我可以借这本书吗?
—Yes, but you can’t lend it to others.
可以,但你不能把它借给别人。
—How long can I keep this book
这本书我可以借多长时间?
—For two weeks. 两周。
◆考点突破
1. Could you ______ me your notebook I forgot mine at home and need to copy the notes.
A. borrow B. lend C. keep D. return
答案:B
解析:题干主语“you(你)”是“借出方”,语境为“把笔记本给我”,符合“lend表‘借出’,常用lend sb. sth.结构”的考点;A(borrow表“借入”,主语需是“借入方”,如“I borrow your notebook”,此处主语不符,排除)、C(keep表“借用(一段时间)”,不表“借出”动作,排除)、D(return表“归还”,与“借东西”的语境相反,排除),故选择B。
2. I want to ______ a storybook from the school library. Do you know the opening time today
A. lend B. keep C. borrow D. take
答案:C
解析:题干主语“I(我)”是“借入方”,且搭配介词“from(从……)”,符合“borrow表‘借入’,常用borrow sth. from sb./sp.结构”的考点;A(lend表“借出”,主语需是“借出方”,且不与from搭配,排除)、B(keep表“借用时长”,不表“借入”动作,且不与from搭配表“从某处借”,排除)、D(take表“拿走”,无“借入”含义,排除),故选择C。
3. —How long can I ______ your umbrella The weather forecast says it will rain for three days.
—Three days is OK. Don’t lose it.
A. lend B. borrow C. keep D. give
答案:C
解析:题干中“How long(多长时间)”询问“时长”,符合“keep表‘借用(一段时间)’,用于询问/说明借用时长”的考点;A(lend表“借出”,不表“借用时长”,排除)、B(borrow表“借入”动作,不与How long搭配(动作不可持续),排除)、D(give表“给”,无“借用”含义,排除),故选择C。
考点五 invention n.发明(物)(如机器、工具、仪器等)
invention 作名词,意为“发明(物)”,是可数名词;也可以作不可数名词,意为“创意;创造力”。
The dishwasher is a wonderful invention.
洗碗机是一项极好的发明。
Plants have helped people come up with amazing inventions, too. 植物也帮助人们想出了惊人的发明。
【同根词】
invent v.发明
-or是名词后缀,常指人
inventor n.发明者
-ion是名词后缀,常指事物
invention n.发明;发明物
◆考点突破
1. The light bulb is one of the most important ______ in the world, and it changes people’s life greatly.
A. invent B. invention C. inventions D. inventor
答案:C
解析:题干中“one of the most important(最重要的……之一)”后需接可数名词复数,结合“light bulb(灯泡)”可知,此处指“发明物”,需用invention的复数形式inventions;A(invent,动词,“发明”,不能作“one of”的宾语,排除)、B(invention,单数名词,“one of”后需接复数,排除)、D(inventor,名词,“发明者”,指人,与“灯泡”指物的语境不符,排除),故选择C。
2. Edison was a great ______. He spent a lot of time working and created more than 1,000 inventions in his life.
A. invent B. inventor C. invention D. inventions
答案:B
解析:题干主语“Edison(爱迪生)”指人,结合“created more than 1,000 inventions(创造了1000多项发明)”可知,此处需表示“发明者”,用inventor;A(invent,动词,“发明”,不能作表语指人,排除)、C(invention,单数名词,“发明物”,指物,不指人,排除)、D(inventions,复数名词,“发明物”,同样指物,与“爱迪生”指人的语境不符,排除),故选择B。
3. My uncle is good at thinking and he wants to ______ a new kind of tool to help farmers work more easily.
A. invent B. inventor C. invention D. inventing
答案:A
解析:题干中“wants to(想要)”后需接动词原形,结合“a new kind of tool(一种新型工具)”可知,此处需表示“发明”的动作,用动词invent;B(inventor,名词,“发明者”,指人,不能接在“wants to”后,排除)、C(invention,名词,“发明物”,指物,同样不能接在“wants to”后,排除)、D(inventing,动词-ing形式,“wants to”后需接原形,而非-ing形式,排除),故选择C。
考点六 congratulation n.恭喜,祝贺
congratulation
n.恭喜,祝贺 congratulations on sth. 祝贺某事
v.祝贺 congratulate sb. (on sth.) (为某事)向某人表示祝贺
congratulate yourself (on sth.) (因某事)为自己感到自豪
Congratulations on winning a gold medal at the skating competition! 祝贺你在滑冰比赛中获得金牌!
◆考点突破
1. —I passed the final English exam with full marks!
—Wow, that’s amazing! ______ you!
A. Congratulate B. Congratulates C. Congratulations D. Congratulation
答案:A
解析:题干空后直接接“you(你)”,需用动词“祝贺”,且本句为祈使句,用动词原形congratulate;B(Congratulates,动词第三人称单数,祈使句不用单三形式,排除)、C(Congratulations,名词复数,常与“on”搭配(Congratulations on sth.),不能直接接人,排除)、D(Congratulation,名词单数,表“祝贺”时常用复数,且同样不能直接接人,排除),故选择A。
2. All my classmates sent ______ on my successful speech at the school meeting yesterday.
A. congratulate B. congratulates C. congratulations D. congratulation
答案:C
解析:题干中“sent(发送)”后需接名词作宾语,“祝贺”作名词时,常用复数形式congratulations,且“send congratulations on sth.”为固定搭配,符合“祝贺我演讲成功”的语境;A(congratulate,动词,不能作“sent”的宾语,排除)、B(Congratulates,动词单三,同样不能作宾语,排除)、D(Congratulation,名词单数,表“祝贺”时习惯用复数,排除),故选择C。
3. Our teacher always tells us to ______ ourselves when we make great progress in study.
A. congratulate B. congratulates C. congratulations D. congratulating
答案:A
解析:题干中“tells us to(告诉我们去做)”后需接动词原形,结合“ourselves(我们自己)”可知,此处需用动词congratulate,“congratulate oneself on sth.”为固定搭配,表“为自己某事自豪”;B(Congratulates,动词单三,“to”后需接原形,排除)、C(Congratulations,名词,不能接在“to”后,排除)、D(congratulating,动词-ing形式,同样不符合“to”后接原形的结构,排除),故选择A。
考点七 辨析 everyday 和 every day
everyday 形容词,意为“日常的;每天的”,作定语修饰名词
every day 时间短语,意为“每天”,在句中作状语,通常位于句首或
What everyday problem do you face
你面临什么日常问题?
You need to practise every day. 你需要每天练习。
◆考点突破
1. English is used in many ______ activities around the world, like shopping and talking with friends.
A. everyday B. every day C. every days D. everyday’s
答案:A
解析:题干中“activities(活动)”是名词,需用形容词作定语修饰,“everyday”为形容词,表“日常的”,符合“修饰日常活动”的语境;B(every day,时间短语,只能作状语,不能作定语修饰名词,排除)、C(every days,语法错误,“every”后接单数名词,无“every days”用法,排除)、D(everyday’s,错误表达,“everyday”本身是形容词,无需加名词所有格“’s”,排除),故选择A。
2. To improve your spoken English well, you should listen to English tapes ______.
A. everyday B. every day C. everydayly D. every days
答案:B
解析:题干中“listen to(听)”是谓语动词,句子需时间短语作状语表“频率”,“every day”为时间短语,意为“每天”,符合“每天听英语磁带”的语境;A(everyday,形容词,只能作定语,不能作状语,排除)、C(everydayly,无此单词,“everyday”无副词形式,排除)、D(every days,语法错误,“every”后接单数名词“day”,排除),故选择B。
3. My mother always prepares simple but healthy meals for us in our ______ life, and she cooks new dishes ______ to make us happy.
A. every day; everyday B. everyday; every day
C. everyday; everyday D. every day; every day
答案:B
解析:第一空后“life(生活)”是名词,需形容词作定语,用“everyday(日常的)”,表“日常生活”;第二空修饰谓语动词“cooks(做)”,需时间短语作状语,用“every day(每天)”,表“每天做新菜”。A、C、D选项均混淆了两者“定语”与“状语”的用法,故选择B。
考点八 trouble的用法
1、trouble v.使忧虑,使苦恼
常用短语 trouble sb. 使某人苦恼
trouble sb. with sth. 因某事麻烦某人
trouble sb. to do sth. 麻烦某人做某事
I don’t want to trouble the doctor with such a small problem. 我不想为了这个小毛病麻烦医生。
Could I trouble you to turn down the music, please 麻烦你把音乐声小点好吗?
Is anything troubling you
有什么事使你烦恼吗?
2、trouble 作名词,意为“困难;苦恼”。
【常见短语】
have trouble with... 在……(方面)遇到困难
in trouble 处于困境中
have trouble doing sth. 做某事有困难
get out of trouble 摆脱困境
Whenever we have trouble with our studies, our teachers always help us patiently.
每当我们在学习上遇到困难,老师总是耐心地帮助我们。
Keep smiling when you are in trouble.
当你遇到困难时,保持微笑。
She had trouble learning English.
她学习英语有困难
Here is a way to get out of trouble.
这里有一个摆脱麻烦的方法。
◆考点突破
1. Could I ______ you to help me carry this heavy box to the classroom It’s too heavy for me.
A. trouble B. help C. ask D. let
答案:A
解析:题干语境为“麻烦对方帮忙搬箱子”,且结构符合“trouble sb. to do sth.(麻烦某人做某事)”的固定搭配,贴合考点中trouble作动词的用法;B(help,“help sb. (to) do sth.”表“帮助某人做某事”,无“麻烦”的含义,与语境中“委婉请求”不符,排除)、C(ask,“ask sb. to do sth.”表“叫某人做某事”,语气较直接,且不贴合“trouble”的考点,排除)、D(let,“let sb. do sth.”表“让某人做某事”,无“麻烦”含义,且后接动词原形,无需“to”,语法结构不符,排除),故选择A。
2. Tom ______ with his math homework last night, so he asked his elder sister for help.
A. had trouble B. was in trouble C. got out of trouble D. troubled
答案:A
解析:题干后句“向姐姐求助”提示前句表“在数学作业上遇到困难”,且空后隐含“with his math homework”,符合“have trouble with sth.(在……方面遇困难)”的短语搭配,“last night”提示用过去式had;B(was in trouble,“处于困境中”,侧重“整体陷入麻烦”,不特指“某方面遇困难”,且不与“with”搭配,排除)、C(got out of trouble,“摆脱困境”,与“向人求助”的语境相反,排除)、D(troubled,作动词时表“使苦恼”,主语需是人,且“trouble with sth.”无此用法,语法与语境均不符,排除),故选择A。
3. When people are ______, we should try to help them instead of laughing at them.
A. have trouble B. in trouble C. trouble sb. D. had trouble
答案:B
解析:题干结构为“be + 短语”,“in trouble(处于困境中)”是固定名词短语,可与be动词搭配,符合“别人陷入困境时应帮忙”的语境;A(have trouble,动词短语,“be”后不能直接接动词原形,语法错误,排除)、C(trouble sb.,动词短语,“使某人苦恼”,与“be”搭配后语法混乱,且语境不符,排除)、D(had trouble,动词短语过去式,同样不能与“be”动词搭配,语法错误,排除),故选择B。
语法点
动词不定式和动名词作宾语
(一)动词不定式作宾语
动词不定式的结构为“to+动词原形”,在句中没有人称和数的变化,不能作谓语。常见的后跟动词不定式作宾语的动词有 plan、decide、want、hope、offer、learn、expect、wish、agree、refuse、remember、forget 等。
I am planning to fly to the city to have a taste of the famous street food.
我计划乘飞机去那个城市品尝著名的街头小吃。
I learned to ride a horse at the age of six.
我六岁时学会了骑马。
【注意】
动词不定式的否定结构是“not to do sth.”。如:
decide not to do sth.决定不做某事。
We decided not to join the art club.
我们决定不加入艺术社团。
(二)动名词作宾语
在英语中,并不是所有的动词都可以用不定式作宾语。有一些动词只能用动名词作宾语。例如:enjoy、practise、finish、avoid、keep、mind 等。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
Make sure to study the statistics so that you can avoid making minor mistakes.
一定要研究统计数据,这样你就可以避免犯小错误。
(三)特殊情况
有一些动词既可以用不定式又可以用动名词作宾语,但表达的意义有所不同。如:remember。
I remember meeting her.
我记得遇见过她。
You must remember to turn off the lights before leaving the house.
出门前一定要记得关灯。
◆考点突破
1. My brother hopes ______ a doctor in the future because he wants to help more sick people.
A. be B. to be C. being D. was
答案:B
解析:题干中“hopes”是“后跟动词不定式作宾语”的典型动词,固定结构为“hope to do sth.(希望做某事)”,需用“to+动词原形”;A(be,动词原形,缺少“to”,不符合“hope”的用法,排除)、C(being,动名词,“hope”不接动名词作宾语,排除)、D(was,be动词过去式,既无“to”,时态也与“in the future(未来)”不符,排除),故选择B。
2. Our English teacher tells us that we should keep ______ English aloud every morning to improve our pronunciation.
A. read B. to read C. reading D. reads
答案:C
解析:题干中“keep”是“只能用动名词作宾语”的动词,固定结构为“keep doing sth.(持续做某事)”,需用动名词形式;A(read,动词原形,“keep”不接原形,排除)、B(to read,动词不定式,“keep”不接不定式,排除)、D(reads,动词第三人称单数,仅用于一般现在时主语为单三的谓语,不能作“keep”的宾语,排除),故选择C。
3. —Do you ______ meeting that kind old man at the community park last week
—Of course! He told me many interesting stories about his childhood.
A. remember B. remember to C. forget D. forget to
答案:A
解析:题干中“last week(上周)”提示“遇见老人”是“已发生的事”,结合答句“记得他讲的故事”,可知此处需用“remember doing sth.(记得做过某事)”,空后“meeting”是动名词,故直接填“remember”;B(remember to,后需接动词原形,表“记得要做某事(未做)”,与“last week”表“已发生”矛盾,排除)、C(forget,“忘记”,与答句“记得”语境相反,排除)、D(forget to,“忘记要做某事(未做)”,语境与语法结构均不符,排除),故选择A。
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
Unit 3 Make it happen
话题 发明创造
功能 1.能用所学词汇和句型介绍发明的基本信息 2.能读懂关于发明故事类的短文,理解文章主旨 3.能运用单元所学知识撰写简短的内容完整的小短文
单 词 1. 展览会 n. ________ 2. 电 n. ________ 3. 机器 n. ________ 4. 千克,公斤 n. ________ 5. 锁眼,钥匙孔 n. ________ 6. 广告;启事 n. ________ 7. 天资,天赋,才能 n. ________ 8. 先驱,先锋,创始人 n. ________ 9. 物体 n. ________ 10. 地震 n. ________ 11. 一块(指木头、石头等有直边的硬物) n. ________ 12. 解决(问题) v. ________ 13试验,检验 v. ________ 14应用,运用 v. ________ 15使忧虑,使苦恼 v. ________ 16下载 v. ________ 17警告,告诫;提醒 v. ________ 18借给,借出 v. ________ 19检测并记录 v. ________ 20促使 v. ________ 21. 盲的,失明的 adj. ________ 22. 人造的,人工的 adj. ________ 23. 日常的;平常的;每天的 adj. ________ 24. 将来的,未来的 adj. ________ 25尽管,虽然 prep. ________
词 汇 拓 展 1.失败 v. fail→失败 n. failure 2.打印 v. print→打印机 n. printer 3.光;光线 n. light→闪电 n. lightning 4. 创造 v. create→有创造力的 adj. creative 5. 广泛的;宽的 adj. wide→广泛地 adv. widely 6. 重;重量是…… v. weigh→重量;分量 n. weight 7. 冒险举动 n. risk→有危险的;有风险的 adj. risky
短 语 1. 能够 ________ 2. 错过 ________ 3. 亲自 ________ 4. 挣钱 ________ 5. 假肢 ________ 6. 做研究 ________ 7. 避雷针 ________ 8. 从事;致力于 ________ 9. 想出,提出 ________ 10. 地动仪 ________ 11. 日常问题 ________ 12. 智能手杖 ________ 13. 失去生命;丧生 ________ 14. 使某人大为惊讶 ________ 15. 探索新世界 ________ 16. 向某人伸出援手 ________ 17. 挡某人的路;妨碍某人 ________ 18. 意想不到的发明 ________ 19. 把……粘到/贴到……上 ________ 20. 发生;进行 ________
句 型 1. 他是用塑料积木和钓鱼线制作的。 He built it ________ ________ ________ ________ and ________ ________. 2. 一旦它检测到一个物体,它就会开始震动以警示使用者。 ________ it senses an object, it starts ________ ________ ________ the user. 3. 他还希望在高中毕业后将它应用到现实生活中。 He also hoped ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ after finishing high school. 4. 他对太空非常好奇,甚至发明了一个“飞椅”! He ________ ________ ________ ________ space ________ he invented a “flying chair”! 5. 看看万户,他是中国明朝时期的太空探索先驱。 Just ________ ________ Wan Hu, the Ming Dynasty ________ ________ ________ ________. 6. 他对电很着迷,并且对电的性质怀有强烈的好奇心。 He was ________ ________ electricity and ________ ________ its nature. 7. 更糟糕的是,像她这样的孩子长得快,经常需要新的假肢。 ________ ________, children like her grow quickly and need new arms all the time. 8. 并非每一项发明都是有意创造出来的。有时候,它完全是偶然产生的! Not every invention is created ________ ________. Sometimes it’s completely ________ ________! 9. 他喜欢一个接一个地解决问题。最终,他在23岁时获得了成功。 He enjoyed ________ ________ ________ ________ ________. And finally he ________ ________ at age 23. 10. 但好奇心不仅仅是冒险。它也会驱使人们走向特定的目标。 But curiosity is ________ ________ just ________ ________. It also ________ people ________ ________ ________. 11. 他决定将自己的设计免费发布到网上。人们可以用3D打印机制作出属于他们自己的(假肢)。 He decided ________ ________ his design ________ ________. People could ________ their own ________ 3-D printers. 12. 就像雅克·库斯托说过的:“究竟什么是科学家 就是一个好奇的人,试图通过大自然的钥匙孔,去探寻事物的真相。” ________ Jacques Cousteau ________, “What is a scientist ________ ________ It is a curious man ________ ________ a keyhole, the keyhole of nature, trying ________ ________ what’s going on.”
语法 动词不定式和动名词做宾语
写作 介绍某项发明和创造
知识点
考点 一 between和among
between 介词,意为“在……中间”,一般指两者之间
among 介词,指三者或三者以上之间
I sat down between Sue and Jane.
我在 Sue 和 Jane 中间坐了下来。
There is a small house among the tall trees.
在高大的树木中间有一栋小房子。
They walked among the crowds.
他们走在人群之中。
◆考点突破
1. My mother placed a cup of tea ______ my father and me before going out.
A. between B. among C. in D. on
2. There are some colorful flowers ______ the green grass in the garden.
A. between B. among C. behind D. beside
3. The teacher always shares interesting stories ______ the three groups in our class every Friday.
A. between B. among C. with D. for
考点二change one’s life 改变某人的生活
常见的life短语
the rest of one’s life 余生
working life 职业生涯
change one’s life 改变某人的生活
daily life 日常生活
for life 终身
In the daily life, developing habits helps make your brain stronger. 在日常生活中,养成习惯有助于使你的大脑更强大。
He has faced many challenges in life, but he never gave up. 他一生中面临了许多挑战,但他从未放弃。
◆考点突破
1. Reading good books when he was young ______ my grandfather’s life completely.
A. changed B. changes C. will change D. is changing
2. After retiring(退休), my grandparents plan to travel around the country for ______.
A. the rest of their lives B. working life
C. daily life D. in life
3. Doing exercise for 30 minutes every morning has become an important part of my ______.
A. for life B. daily life C. change my life D. working life
考点三 cost的混淆词
cost 主语是物 指花费金钱,常用于“物+cost(s)+人+金钱”结构
pay 主语是人 指“付费,支付”,常与介词 for 搭配
take it 指花费时间,常用于“It takes/took sb. it some time to do sth.”结构
cost 作名词,意为“费用;花费;价钱;成本”。
They couldn’t pay for a worker, so the boy had to help. 他们雇不起工人,所以这个男孩不得不帮忙。
How long will it take me to get there
到那儿要花费我多长时间?
We did not even make enough money to cover the cost of the food. 我们挣的钱甚至无法糊口。
We have had to raise our prices because of rising costs. 因为成本日益上涨,我们不得不提高价格。
◆考点突破
1. This new smartphone ______ my brother 5,000 yuan last month.
A. cost B. paid C. took D. spent
2. It ______ my parents about two hours to prepare the family dinner every weekend.
A. cost B. took C. paid D. costed
3. My sister ______ 200 yuan for this beautiful dress in the shopping mall yesterday.
A. cost B. took C. paid D. take
考点四lend的用法
lend v.帮助(某人)做事(尤指需要体力的事);(给某人)搭把手
【常用短语】
lend a hand 帮助;搭把手
lend support to sth. 为……提供帮助
The evidence they provided lends strong support to their argument. 他们提供的证据为他们的论点提供了有力的支持。
【拓展】
lend 表示“借出”,常用结构为 lend sth.(to sb.)或 lend sb. sth.
borrow 表示“借入”,常用结构为 borrow sth. from sb.
keep 本意为“留着;保留”,可引申为“借用”,用于表示借用的时间长度
—Can I borrow this book
我可以借这本书吗?
—Yes, but you can’t lend it to others.
可以,但你不能把它借给别人。
—How long can I keep this book
这本书我可以借多长时间?
—For two weeks. 两周。
◆考点突破
1. Could you ______ me your notebook I forgot mine at home and need to copy the notes.
A. borrow B. lend C. keep D. return
2. I want to ______ a storybook from the school library. Do you know the opening time today
A. lend B. keep C. borrow D. take
3. —How long can I ______ your umbrella The weather forecast says it will rain for three days.
—Three days is OK. Don’t lose it.
A. lend B. borrow C. keep D. give
考点五 invention n.发明(物)(如机器、工具、仪器等)
invention 作名词,意为“发明(物)”,是可数名词;也可以作不可数名词,意为“创意;创造力”。
The dishwasher is a wonderful invention.
洗碗机是一项极好的发明。
Plants have helped people come up with amazing inventions, too. 植物也帮助人们想出了惊人的发明。
【同根词】
invent v.发明
-or是名词后缀,常指人
inventor n.发明者
-ion是名词后缀,常指事物
invention n.发明;发明物
◆考点突破
1. The light bulb is one of the most important ______ in the world, and it changes people’s life greatly.
A. invent B. invention C. inventions D. inventor
2. Edison was a great ______. He spent a lot of time working and created more than 1,000 inventions in his life.
A. invent B. inventor C. invention D. inventions
3. My uncle is good at thinking and he wants to ______ a new kind of tool to help farmers work more easily.
A. invent B. inventor C. invention D. inventing
考点六 congratulation n.恭喜,祝贺
congratulation
n.恭喜,祝贺 congratulations on sth. 祝贺某事
v.祝贺 congratulate sb. (on sth.) (为某事)向某人表示祝贺
congratulate yourself (on sth.) (因某事)为自己感到自豪
Congratulations on winning a gold medal at the skating competition! 祝贺你在滑冰比赛中获得金牌!
◆考点突破
1. —I passed the final English exam with full marks!
—Wow, that’s amazing! ______ you!
A. Congratulate B. Congratulates C. Congratulations D. Congratulation
2. All my classmates sent ______ on my successful speech at the school meeting yesterday.
A. congratulate B. congratulates C. congratulations D. congratulation
3. Our teacher always tells us to ______ ourselves when we make great progress in study.
A. congratulate B. congratulates C. congratulations D. congratulating
考点七 辨析 everyday 和 every day
everyday 形容词,意为“日常的;每天的”,作定语修饰名词
every day 时间短语,意为“每天”,在句中作状语,通常位于句首或
What everyday problem do you face
你面临什么日常问题?
You need to practise every day. 你需要每天练习。
◆考点突破
1. English is used in many ______ activities around the world, like shopping and talking with friends.
A. everyday B. every day C. every days D. everyday’s
2. To improve your spoken English well, you should listen to English tapes ______.
A. everyday B. every day C. everydayly D. every days
3. My mother always prepares simple but healthy meals for us in our ______ life, and she cooks new dishes ______ to make us happy.
A. every day; everyday B. everyday; every day
C. everyday; everyday D. every day; every day
考点八 trouble的用法
1、trouble v.使忧虑,使苦恼
常用短语 trouble sb. 使某人苦恼
trouble sb. with sth. 因某事麻烦某人
trouble sb. to do sth. 麻烦某人做某事
I don’t want to trouble the doctor with such a small problem. 我不想为了这个小毛病麻烦医生。
Could I trouble you to turn down the music, please 麻烦你把音乐声小点好吗?
Is anything troubling you
有什么事使你烦恼吗?
2、trouble 作名词,意为“困难;苦恼”。
【常见短语】
have trouble with... 在……(方面)遇到困难
in trouble 处于困境中
have trouble doing sth. 做某事有困难
get out of trouble 摆脱困境
Whenever we have trouble with our studies, our teachers always help us patiently.
每当我们在学习上遇到困难,老师总是耐心地帮助我们。
Keep smiling when you are in trouble.
当你遇到困难时,保持微笑。
She had trouble learning English.
她学习英语有困难
Here is a way to get out of trouble.
这里有一个摆脱麻烦的方法。
◆考点突破
1. Could I ______ you to help me carry this heavy box to the classroom It’s too heavy for me.
A. trouble B. help C. ask D. let
2. Tom ______ with his math homework last night, so he asked his elder sister for help.
A. had trouble B. was in trouble C. got out of trouble D. troubled
3. When people are ______, we should try to help them instead of laughing at them.
A. have trouble B. in trouble C. trouble sb. D. had trouble
语法点
动词不定式和动名词作宾语
(一)动词不定式作宾语
动词不定式的结构为“to+动词原形”,在句中没有人称和数的变化,不能作谓语。常见的后跟动词不定式作宾语的动词有 plan、decide、want、hope、offer、learn、expect、wish、agree、refuse、remember、forget 等。
I am planning to fly to the city to have a taste of the famous street food.
我计划乘飞机去那个城市品尝著名的街头小吃。
I learned to ride a horse at the age of six.
我六岁时学会了骑马。
【注意】
动词不定式的否定结构是“not to do sth.”。如:
decide not to do sth.决定不做某事。
We decided not to join the art club.
我们决定不加入艺术社团。
(二)动名词作宾语
在英语中,并不是所有的动词都可以用不定式作宾语。有一些动词只能用动名词作宾语。例如:enjoy、practise、finish、avoid、keep、mind 等。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
Make sure to study the statistics so that you can avoid making minor mistakes.
一定要研究统计数据,这样你就可以避免犯小错误。
(三)特殊情况
有一些动词既可以用不定式又可以用动名词作宾语,但表达的意义有所不同。如:remember。
I remember meeting her.
我记得遇见过她。
You must remember to turn off the lights before leaving the house.
出门前一定要记得关灯。
◆考点突破
1. My brother hopes ______ a doctor in the future because he wants to help more sick people.
A. be B. to be C. being D. was
2. Our English teacher tells us that we should keep ______ English aloud every morning to improve our pronunciation.
A. read B. to read C. reading D. reads
3. —Do you ______ meeting that kind old man at the community park last week
—Of course! He told me many interesting stories about his childhood.
A. remember B. remember to C. forget D. forget to
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