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(共38张PPT)
Unit 4 Inventions
Focusing on culture& Cross-curricular connection&Project
阅读文化拓展与与跨学科项目化优质课
沪教版（2024）八年级
上
Learning objectives
1
Lead in
Focusing culture
3
Cross-curricular connection
Project
5
Summary
Assessment
7
Homework
2
4
6
8
By the end of the lesson, I will be able to...
1
2
3
know something about the development of the steam
engine.
describe the steps of printing a book with movable
type；
know about more great inventions of ancient China；
00
Learning objectives
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Lead in
01
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Watch and think.
Lead in
01
What are the Four Great Inventions of ancient China
movable type
gunpowder
compass
papermaking
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The famous four great inventions of ancient China have had a huge impact on the whole world.Let's learn about one of them.
Read the story about Jane’s encounter with a great inventor from ancient China.
Focus on culture
02
Focus on culture
02
Movable type: a dream come true
It was nearly ten o’clock at night. Jane was in bed. She was reading a book about the history of printing when she fell asleep.
Suddenly, Jane found herself inside a big room. She could see an open fire and a big desk with lots of strange tools. There was a man by the desk, and he was working with clay. He was so busy that he didn’t notice her.
fall asleep 入睡
work with clay 用粘土工作
Focus on culture
02
“Excuse me, what are you doing ” asked Jane.
“I’m going to print a book, so I’m making type,” the man replied.
“Type What is it Could you tell me more about it ” asked Jane.
“Sure. First, I cut characters into pieces of clay. Then I bake them with fire to make them hard. These ones are ready now—look, each character is a single piece of type. I need to make thousands of these before I can print the book,” said the man.
“Could you show me how to print with them ” asked Jane.
把字符刻在泥块上
用火烤它们
Focus on culture
02
“First, spread out a mixture of pine gum (松脂), wax and paper ash (灰) on a metal plate. Next, put each piece of type on the plate and fix them with a frame (框架). After that, heat it up so that the mixture will melt. Then press down on the clay characters with a board to make sure the surface is even. Finally, brush the characters with ink (油墨)—now, it’s ready to print,” he explained.
heat ... up 加热
press v. （被）压
词汇变形：pressure n. 压力；压强；压迫
常见搭配：press down 压下
铺开
加热确保表面平整
Focus on culture
02
“Oh, you must be Bi Sheng (毕昇),” Jane said. “I learnt about you in the book. You invented movable type. You know what, the German craftsman (工匠) Gutenberg improved your invention and introduced metal movable type to Europe about 400 years later.”
Bi Sheng smiled. At that moment, Jane woke up. It was only a dream ...! She looked at the book in her hands and smiled.
Bi Sheng was a craftsman and engineer in the Song dynasty. Sometime between 1039 and 1048, he invented movable-type printing technique. It is one of the four great inventions of ancient China.
Notes
Focus on culture
02
2. Describe the steps of printing a book with movable type with the information from the story on page 62.
Focus on culture
02
Focus on culture
02
Bake them with fire.
Spread out a mixture of pine gum, wax and paper ash on a metal plate
Put each piece of type on the plate and fix them with a flame
Heat it up until mixture melts
Press down on the clay characters with a board
Brush the characters with ink
Focus on culture
02
You can use the following pictures to help you understand the steps of movable type and try to recite the steps.
cut
bake
spread out
put and fix
press
brush and print
heat
3.Complete the sentences with the words below. Change the form if necessary.
Focus on culture
02
(1) Bi Sheng was focusing on his work, so he didn’t ________ the girl standing there.
(2) When Jane saw Bi Sheng, he was making ________ from clay.
(3) We can ________ the clay down to make it flat.
(4) It’s quicker to ________ up the food in the microwave.
(5) Gold, iron and silver are all different types of ________.
notice
type
press
heat
metal
Focus on culture
02
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Discuss the questions below.
(1) Why is the invention of printing important in history
(2) What do you know about other great inventions of ancient China
Focus on culture
02
(1) Why is the invention of printing important in history
Spread knowledge quickly and widely;
Made education and learning much easier
for everyone;
Printed books were easier to store and
preserve than hand-copied ones;
…
Focus on culture
02
(2)What do you know about other great inventions of ancient China
Xuan paper (宣纸) is another important invention of ancient China. What do you know about it
Focus on culture
02
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Read the article about the development of the steam engine.
Inventions often go through several stages of development before they come popular.
Cross-curricular connection
03
Cross-curricular connection
03
Thomas Newcomen and the invention of the first steam engine
This is the Newcomen’s engine, which was invented in 1712 by Thomas Newcomen. With its use of a piston (活塞), cylinder (气缸) and boiler (汽锅), it was the very first steam engine. Newcomen invented it to help people mine for metals and coal at greater depths.
Who invented the first steam engine
Thomas Newcomen.
What was it invented for
It was invented to help people mine for metals and coal at greater depths.
在更深的地方
Cross-curricular connection
03
Watt’s improvement of Newcomen’s design
People often consider James Watt the inventor of the steam engine. Few people know that he simply improved on Thomas Newcomen’s original design. Watt’s improvement to Newcomen’s design increased the power of the engine.
This new steam engine could be used in many more ways. It could power trains and ships, and it could also be used in factories.
Who do people often consider as the inventor of the steam engine
In what ways could the new steam engine improved by Watt be used
James Watt.
It could power trains and ships, and it could also be used in factories.
原始设计
Cross-curricular connection
03
The steam engine and the Industrial Revolution
Watt added wheels and cogs (齿轮) to his steam engine, and this made it useful in trains and steamboats. His invention in turn played a huge role in what is now known as the Industrial Revolution.
What did Watt add to his steam engine to make it useful in trains and steamboats
What impact did this steam engine have
Wheels and cogs.
It played a huge role in the Industrial Revolution.
play a huge role in...在……中发挥了巨大作用
Cross-curricular connection
03
Finish the timeline of the Steam Engine’s Invention and Improvement Process.
1712
1760s-1770s
Later (after Watt’s improvements)
________________ invents the first practical steam engine. It is designed to help mine for ________ and _________ at greater depths.
Thomas Newcomen
metals
coal
___________ improves the steam engine design. His improvements increase the engine’s _______, making it usable in more ways.
James Watt
power
James Watt adds _______ and ____ to the steam engine.This invention plays a huge role in the __________
__________
wheels
cogs
Industrial
Revolution
Project
04
Designing my invention
Imagine that you are an inventor. Think about what you are going to invent to make our lives better.
Project
04
Step 1
In groups, brainstorm problems you want to solve. Use the questions and the example below to help you.
What is the problem
Who needs help with this problem
What are the possible ways of solving this problem
A lot of people cycle to school and work. Bicycle helmets are not very convenient to carry around.
It is difficult for old people to climb stairs.
...
Project
04
Step 2
Discuss what kind of inventions can solve the problems.
Step 3
Step 4
Design your invention in groups. Use the example below to help you.
Present your invention to the class. Then vote for the best invention in your class.
Project
04
An example
by James, Sara and Alex
INTRODUCTION
We are going to make a new kind of bicycle helmet. It will be a folding helmet.
PURPOSE
A lot of people don’t wear helmets because it is difficult to carry them around. Our folding helmet will fit into a bag easily! With our invention, more people will wear helmets. It will keep more people safe.
DESIGN
The helmet is going to be made of hard plastic. It will shine in the dark. It will fit everybody.
Folding helmet
Show time
Evaluation (评价机制) Stars
Language (语言表达正确)
Content (内容完整充实)
Pronunciation (发音标准清晰)
Performance(整体表现优秀)
Excellent Great Good





Project
04
Wits corner
I have no special talents. I am only passionately curious.
— Albert Einstein
Summary
05
Translate the following expressions into English.
1. 在......中发挥了巨大作用
2. 加热
3. 压下
4. 明火炉灶
5. 用黏土工作
6. 把字符刻在泥块上
7. 用框架固定它们
8. 用火烘烤……
9. 活字印刷
10. 铺开，摊开，涂抹均匀
play a huge role in...
heat ...up
press down
an open fire
work with clay
cut characters into pieces of clay
fix them with a frame
bake … with fire
movable type
spread out
Summary
05
二、用适当词填空。
1.He avoids_____________(fight)with parents on this issue.
2.The invention of movable type has a number of ___________(benefit).
3.He usually________(mixture)coffee with milk.
4.He noticed the thief______________(enter) Peter's house.
5.There are different_____________(type) of collections in the museum.
6.He_________(press)the button and turned on the machine.
figting
benefits
mixes
enter/entering
types
pressed
板书
Unit 4 Invention
--Section 4 & Project
movable type
steam engine
new invention
cut;bake;spread out;put and fix;heat;press;brush and print
original; improved;wheels and cogs
passionately curious
Assessment
08
Self-assessment
I can describe the steps of printing a book with movable type;
I can know about more great inventions of ancient China；
I can know something about the development of the steam engine.
Basic (基础)
Retell the steps of printing a book with movable
type.
Improving(提升)
Make a poster to introduce one of the great inventions of China.
Extend (拓展)
Design your own invention and share it in your group.
Homework
09
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