资源简介

(共54张PPT)
B1U4 Natural Disasters
单元大主题：
子主题：
一、描述自然灾害及其影响
二、讨论灾后安全措施与自救方法
三、概述灾难救援工作及其意义
主题语境：
人与自然-灾害防范-
4. 自然灾害与防范，安全常识与自我保护
自然灾害
子主题1
描述自然灾害及其影响
Part 1 核心词汇
灾害类型: disaster, drought, landslide, flood, volcanic eruption, volcano, erupt, typhoon, hurricane
破坏与影响: damage, destroy, death, affect, ruin, in ruins, shock, in shock, suffer, sweep away, effect, strike
灾后景象: percent, brick, metal, electricity, trap, bury, wave, crash, slide, length, pipe
描述方式: as if
功能分类 英文词汇 中文释义
灾害类型 n. 灾害；灾难
n. 干旱
n. 山体滑坡
n. 洪水 v. 淹没
n. 火山喷发
n. 火山
v. (火山)喷发；(战争等)爆发
n. 台风
n. 飓风
disaster
drought
landslide
flood
volcanic eruption
volcano
erupt
typhoon
hurricane
1. 说出核心词汇
破坏与影响 n. & v. 损害，破坏
v. 摧毁，毁灭
n. 死亡
v. 影响
n. 废墟；毁灭 v. 破坏
成为废墟
n. 震惊；震动 v. 使震惊
处于震惊中
v. 遭受；受苦
冲走，卷走
n. 影响；效果
v. 袭击；打击 n. 罢工；打击
damage
destroy
death
affect
ruin
in ruins
shock
in shock
suffer
sweep away
effect
strike
灾后景象 n. 百分比
n. 砖
n. 金属
n. 电
v. 使陷入困境；困住 n. 陷阱
v. 埋压；埋葬
n. 波浪；(海啸)巨浪
v. 撞击；撞毁 n. 撞车；坠毁
v. 滑动 n. 滑坡；幻灯片
n. 长度
n. 管道
描述方式 好像，仿佛
percent
brick
metal
electricity
trap
bury
wave
crash
slide
length
pipe
as if
功能分类 英文词汇 中文释义
灾害类型 n. 灾害；灾难
n. 干旱
n. 山体滑坡
n. 洪水 v. 淹没
火山喷发
n. 火山
v. (火山)喷发；(战争等)爆发
n. 台风
n. 飓风
disaster
drought
landslide
flood
volcanic eruption
volcano
erupt
typhoon
hurricane
2. 朗读核心词汇
破坏与影响 n. & v. 损害，破坏
v. 摧毁，毁灭
n. 死亡
v. 影响
n. 废墟；毁灭 v. 破坏
成为废墟
n. 震惊；震动 v. 使震惊
处于震惊中
v. 遭受；受苦
冲走，卷走
n. 影响；效果
v. 袭击；打击 n. 罢工；打击
damage
destroy
death
affect
ruin
in ruins
shock
in shock
suffer
sweep away
effect
strike
灾后景象 n. 百分比
n. 砖
n. 金属
n. 电
v. 使陷入困境；困住 n. 陷阱
v. 埋压；埋葬
n. 波浪；(海啸)巨浪
v. 撞击；撞毁 n. 撞车；坠毁
v. 滑动 n. 滑坡；幻灯片
n. 长度
n. 管道
描述方式 好像，仿佛
percent
brick
metal
electricity
trap
bury
wave
crash
slide
length
pipe
as if
Part 2 典型例句
1. The volcano erupted, burying entire villages and leaving the landscape in ruins.
2. A powerful hurricane struck the coast, and its huge waves swept away cars and trapped residents, leaving them in shock.
3. The flood’s effect was destructive, destroying a huge percentage of the city as if by a giant.
1. 翻译典型例句
火山喷发，埋葬了整个村庄，使大地一片荒芜。
强飓风袭击海岸，巨浪冲走汽车，居民被困陷入震惊。
洪水的破坏力是毁灭性的，它摧毁了城市的很大一部分，仿佛是被巨人所为。
4. After the landslide, rescuers had to work through lengths of broken pipe and metal to reach suffering survivors.
5. The typhoon crashed into the city, cutting off electricity and damaging countless brick homes.
6. The severe drought affected everyone, causing widespread suffering and economic ruin.
台风猛烈地撞击了城市，切断了电力，摧毁了无数砖砌的房屋。
严重的干旱影响了所有人，造成了广泛的痛苦和经济损失。
山体滑坡后，救援人员必须穿过长长的破裂管线和金属废墟，才能接近痛苦的幸存者。
1. The volcano erupted, burying entire villages and leaving the landscape in ruins.
2. A powerful hurricane struck the coast, and its huge waves swept away cars and trapped residents, leaving them in shock.
3. The flood’s effect was destructive, destroying a huge percentage of the city as if by a giant.
4. After the landslide, rescuers had to work through lengths of broken pipe and metal to reach suffering survivors.
5. The typhoon crashed into the city, cutting off electricity and damaging countless brick homes.
6. The severe drought affected everyone, causing widespread suffering and economic ruin.
2. 朗读典型例句
1. The volcano erupted, ________(bury) entire villages and leaving the landscape in ruins.
2. A powerful hurricane struck the coast, and its huge waves swept away cars and trapped residents, ________(leave) them in shock.
3. The flood’s effect was destructive, ___________(destroy) a huge percentage of the city as if by a giant.
4. After the landslide, rescuers had to work through lengths of broken pipe and metal _________(reach) suffering survivors.
5. The typhoon crashed into the city, ________(cut) off electricity and damaging countless brick homes.
6. The severe drought affected everyone, ___________(cause) widespread suffering and economic ruin.
3. 完成单句填空 (1 minute)
burying
leaving
destroying
to reach
cutting
causing
Part 3 语篇巩固
1. 语篇填空(台风) (3 minutes)
A violent 1._________(台风) 2._______(侵袭) the coastal city last night. The immediate impact of the 3.________(灾难) was disastrous; massive 4._______(波浪) from the sea 5.___________(冲走) vehicles and 6._______(淹没) low-lying areas. By morning, the city lay 7._______(严重受损). Over eighty 8._______(百分之...) of the buildings were heavily 9.________(破坏), with 10._______(砖) walls collapsed and 11.______(金属) signs bent. The 12._________(电) grid was 13._________(摧毁), trapping thousands in darkness. Many survivors stood in shock, staring 14._______(仿佛) unable to comprehend what had happened. Rescue efforts were focused on those 15.___________(被困) under debris or buried in the mud.
typhoon
struck
disaster
waves
swept away
flooded
in ruins
percent
damaged
brick
metal
electricity
destroyed
as if
trapped
语法填空(台风) (2 minutes)
A violent typhoon 1.__________(strike) the coastal city last night. The immediate impact of the disaster was 2.__________(disaster); massive waves from the sea swept away vehicles and flooded low-lying areas. By morning, the city lay in ruins. Over eighty percent of the buildings were 3._________(heavy) damaged, with brick walls collapsed and metal signs bent. The electricity grid was destroyed, 4._________(trap) thousands in darkness. Many survivors stood 5._______ shock, staring as if unable to comprehend what had happened. Rescue efforts 6.____________(focus) on those trapped under debris or buried in the mud.
struck
disastrous
heavily
trapping
in
were focused
The 1.__________(火山), which had been dormant for centuries, suddenly 2.__________(喷发). The violent eruption 3._______(埋葬) nearby towns in thick ash and hot rock, causing absolute 4.____________(破坏). The 5.________(死亡) toll continued to rise. The ash cloud 6._________(影响) a vast area, blocking out the sun. It looked as if it were midnight at noon. People 7._________(遭受) from burning eyes and breathing problems. A landslide of hot rock and debris 8.________(碰撞) into a river, causing it to burst its banks and slide towards more homes. Broken 9.__________(管道) leaked gas, adding to the danger. Everyone was in a state of 10.________(震惊).
volcano
erupted
buried
destruction
death
affected
suffered
crashed
typhoon
pipes
shock
2. 语篇填空(火山) (2 minutes)
语法填空(火山) (2 minutes)
The volcano, 1.________ had been dormant for centuries, suddenly erupted. The violent eruption buried nearby towns in thick ash and hot rock, causing absolute 2.__________(destroy). The death toll continued to rise. The ash cloud affected a vast area, 3.________(block) out the sun. It looked as if it were midnight at noon. People suffered 4.______ burning eyes and breathing problems. A landslide of hot rock and debris crashed into a river, causing it 5.________(burst) its banks and slide towards more homes. Broken pipes leaked gas, adding to the danger. Everyone was in 6._____ state of shock.
which
destruction
blocking
from
to burst
a
Part 4 写作输出
①The powerful hurricane struck the coastline for twelve hours, leaving widespread destruction in its wake. ②Strong winds broke windows and tore roofs from houses, while large waves flooded vast areas, sweeping away everything in their path. ③After the storm passed, the once-busy community lay in ruins. ④Countless trees were uprooted, metal lampposts lay bent on the ground, and the constant sound of water leaking from broken pipes filled the air. ⑤ With the power system destroyed, the entire region was left in darkness. ⑥ The shock for the survivors was deep, their faces full of disbelief as if the world they knew had disappeared overnight. ⑦The road to recovery will undoubtedly be long and difficult. (113词)
1. 翻译示范段落
① 强大的飓风袭击海岸线十二小时，所到之处留下了广泛的破坏。
② 狂风打破了窗户，掀翻了屋顶，而巨浪淹没了大片地区，冲走了沿途的一切。
③ 风暴过后，曾经繁忙的社区一片废墟。
④ 无数的树木被连根拔起，金属灯柱弯曲地倒在地面上，破裂管道中不断传出的漏水声不绝于耳。
⑤ 电力系统被毁，整个地区陷入黑暗。
⑥ 幸存者遭受了巨大的冲击，他们的脸上写满了难以置信的表情，仿佛他们熟知的世界一夜之间消失了。
⑦ 复苏之路无疑将是漫长而艰难的。
① The powerful hurricane struck the coastline for twelve hours, leaving widespread destruction in its wake. ② Strong winds broke windows and tore roofs from houses, while large waves flooded vast areas, sweeping away everything in their path. ③ After the storm passed, the once-busy community lay in ruins. ④ Countless trees were uprooted, metal lampposts lay bent on the ground, and the constant sound of water leaking from broken pipes filled the air. ⑤ With the power system destroyed, the entire region was left in darkness. ⑥ The shock for the survivors was deep, their faces full of disbelief as if the world they knew had disappeared overnight. ⑦ The road to recovery will undoubtedly be long and difficult.
2. 分析语篇结构
Sentence ①
Sentences ②-⑥
Sentence ⑦
现象概述：点明灾难事件&整体破坏
细节影响
总结展望
② 动态破坏(风&浪)
③-④ 静态景象(废墟&树&设施&漏水)
⑤-⑥ 后续问题(停电&心理创伤)
1. 描述灾害事件的总体影响 ：这场强大的[灾害]袭击了[地区]，所到之处留下了广泛的破坏。
自然灾害类
The powerful [disaster] struck [place], leaving widespread destruction in its wake.
2. 描述灾后的具体景象：[灾害]过后，[地区]一片废墟。
After the [disaster] passed, [place] lay in ruins.
3. 描述灾民的心理感受与震撼：人们的震惊之情溢于言表，脸上写满了难以置信，仿佛他们熟知的世界已不复存在。
The shock for the people was deep, their faces full of disbelief as if the world they knew had disappeared.
4. 表达积极面对未来的决心：复苏之路无疑将是漫长而艰难的，但我们决心重建家园。
The road to recovery will undoubtedly be long and difficult, but we are determined to rebuild our home.
3. 提炼写作句式
子主题2
讨论灾后安全措施与自救方法
Part 1 核心词汇
安全行为与心理: shelter, in the open air, calm, stay calm, effort, survive, breathe
应急物品与状态: emergency, first aid kit, on hand, power, electricity, supply, kit
危险与应对: trap, flood, volcanic eruption, hurricane, landslide, bury, wave, crash, pipe
功能分类 英文词汇/短语 中文释义
安全行为与心理 n. 避难所；庇护 v. 躲避，庇护
在空旷地带；在户外
adj. 冷静的；平静的 v. (使)平静下来
保持冷静
n. 努力，尽力
v. 生存，存活；幸免于难
v. 呼吸
1. 说出核心词汇
shelter
in the open air
calm
stay calm
effort
survive
breathe
功能分类 英文词汇/短语 中文释义
应急物品 与状态 n. 紧急情况
急救包
手头有，随时可用
n. 电力；动力；力量
n. 电
n. 供应（品） v. 供应，提供
n. 工具箱，成套用品
emergency
first aid kit
on hand
power
electricity
supply
kit
功能分类 英文词汇/短语 中文释义
危险与应对 v. 使陷入困境；困住 n. 陷阱
n. 洪水 v. 淹没
n. 火山喷发
n. 飓风
n. 山体滑坡
v. 埋压；埋葬
n. 波浪；（海啸）巨浪
v. 撞击；撞毁 n. 撞车；坠毁
n. 管道
trap
flood
volcanic eruption
hurricane
landslide
bury
wave
crash
pipe
功能分类 英文词汇/短语 中文释义
安全行为与心理 shelter n. 避难所；庇护 v. 躲避，庇护
in the open air 在空旷地带；在户外
calm adj. 冷静的；平静的 v. (使)平静下来
stay calm 保持冷静
effort n. 努力，尽力
survive v. 生存，存活；幸免于难
breathe v. 呼吸
2. 朗读核心词汇
功能分类 英文词汇/短语 中文释义
应急物品 与状态 emergency n. 紧急情况
first aid kit 急救包
on hand 手头有，随时可用
power n. 电力；动力；力量
electricity n. 电
supply n. 供应（品） v. 供应，提供
kit n. 工具箱，成套用品
功能分类 英文词汇/短语 中文释义
危险与应对 trap v. 使陷入困境；困住 n. 陷阱
flood n. 洪水 v. 淹没
volcanic eruption n. 火山喷发
hurricane n. 飓风
landslide n. 山体滑坡
bury v. 埋压；埋葬
wave n. 波浪；（海啸）巨浪
crash v. 撞击；撞毁 n. 撞车；坠毁
pipe n. 管道
Part 2 典型例句
1. After the quake, everyone moved to the central shelter which had water and food.
2. If you are trapped, stay calm and breathe slowly to save air.
3. Never give up hope; your effort to survive is what matters most.
4. Always keep a first aid kit on hand for any emergency.
5. Turn off the electricity at the main switch if you smell gas.
1. 翻译典型例句
地震后，所有人都转移到了有水和食物的中央避难所。
如果你被困，保持镇静并缓慢呼吸以节省空气。
永远不要放弃希望；你为生存付出的努力才是最重要的。
随时准备好一个急救箱以应对任何紧急情况。
如果闻到煤气味，请关闭总开关处的电源。
6. A three-day supply of water is essential for every household.
7. After a flood, avoid open areas due to downed power lines.
8. Do not enter damaged buildings where you could be trapped or buried.
9. Be careful of collapsed walls and broken pipes that may leak gas.
10. If you see a large wave or signs of a landslide, run to higher ground immediately.
1. 翻译典型例句
每个家庭储备三天的用水供应是至关重要的。
洪水过后，因有电线掉落，请避免待在开阔区域。
不要进入受损的建筑物，以免被困或被埋。
小心倒塌的墙壁和可能泄漏气体的破裂管道。
如果你看到大浪或山体滑坡的迹象，立即跑向更高处。
1. After the quake, everyone moved to the central shelter which had water and food.
2. If you are trapped, stay calm and breathe slowly to save air.
3. Never give up hope; your effort to survive is what matters most.
4. Always keep a first aid kit on hand for any emergency.
5. Turn off the electricity at the main switch if you smell gas.
6. A three-day supply of water is essential for every household.
7. After a flood, avoid open areas due to downed power lines.
8. Do not enter damaged buildings where you could be trapped or buried.
9. Be careful of collapsed walls and broken pipes that may leak gas.
10. If you see a large wave or signs of a landslide, run to higher ground immediately.
2. 朗读典型例句
Part 3 语篇巩固
When disaster strikes, your first 1. _________(努力) must be to 2._______(生存). If you are 3. _______(被困), 4. _______(保持冷静) and remember to 5. _______(呼吸) slowly to conserve energy. Your immediate goal is to find safe 6. _______(避难所); avoid being 7. _____________(在户外) where you could be hit by falling 8. _______(砖块). For example, after a 9. _______(洪水) or 10. _________(飓风), never approach downed 11. _______(电力) lines, as the 12. _________(电) can be deadly. Listen for the sounds of 13. _______(救援) teams and make noise to help them locate you.
1. 语篇填空(即时行动与心理) (3 minutes)
effort
survive
trapped
stay calm
breathe
shelter(s)
in the open air
bricks
flood
hurricane
electricity
power
rescue
Part 4 语篇结构分析
①In any emergency, your effort to survive begins with staying calm. ②First, find shelter immediately; avoid being in the open air during a flood or hurricane, as rising water may trap or even bury you. ③Always keep a first aid kit and basic supply of water on hand. ④If you hear pipes bursting or structures crash, breathe slowly and move to higher ground. ⑤Remember, stay calm and make smart choices—this wisdom is your best defense against disaster.
1. 翻译示范段落
在任何紧急情况下，你为生存付出的努力都始于保持冷静。首先，立即寻找避难所；在洪水或飓风期间，避免在户外，因为上涨的水可能会困住甚至掩埋你。务必随时准备好一个急救箱和基本的饮用水。如果你听到管道破裂或建筑倒塌的声音，请缓慢呼吸并向更高处移动。记住，保持冷静并做出明智的选择——这种智慧是你应对灾难的最佳防御。
①In any emergency, your effort to survive begins with staying calm. ②First, find shelter immediately; avoid being in the open air during a flood or hurricane, as rising water may trap or even bury you. ③Always keep a first aid kit and basic supply of water on hand. ④If you hear pipes bursting or structures crash, breathe slowly and move to higher ground. ⑤Remember, stay calm and make smart choices—this wisdom is your best defense against disaster.
2. 分析语篇结构
Sentence ①
Sentences ②-④
Sentence ⑤
总起：提出灾难自救的核心原则
分述：具体行动
总结：首尾呼应
② 首要行动
③ 物资准备
④ 险情应对
子主题3
概述灾难救援工作及其意义
Part 1 核心词汇
救援行动: rescue, aid, deliver, supply, effort, unify, shelter
人员与物资: volunteer, first aid kit, electricity, power, equipment
意义与结果: survive, wisdom, effect, summary, context
功能分类 英文词汇 中文释义
救援行动 n.&v. 救援，营救
n.&v. 援助，帮助
v. 递送；交付；发表（演讲）
n. 供应（品） v. 供应，提供
n. 努力，尽力
v. 统一；使联合
n. 避难所；庇护 v. 躲避，庇护
1. 说出核心词汇
rescue
aid
deliver
supply
effort
unify
shelter
功能分类 英文词汇/短语 中文释义
人员与物资 n. 志愿者 v. 自愿做
急救包
n. 电
n. 电力；动力；力量
n. 设备，装备
意义与结果 v. 生存，存活；幸免于难
n. 智慧
n. 影响；效果
n. 总结，概要
n. 上下文；背景；环境
volunteer
first aid kit
electricity
power
equipment
survive
wisdom
effect
summary
context
功能分类 英文词汇 中文释义
救援行动 rescue n.&v. 救援，营救
aid n.&v. 援助，帮助
deliver v. 递送；交付；发表（演讲）
supply n. 供应（品） v. 供应，提供
effort n. 努力，尽力
unify v. 统一；使联合
shelter n. 避难所；庇护 v. 躲避，庇护
2. 朗读核心词汇
功能分类 英文词汇/短语 中文释义
人员与物资 volunteer n. 志愿者 v. 自愿做
first aid kit 急救包
electricity n. 电
power n. 电力；动力；力量
equipment n. 设备，装备
意义与结果 survive v. 生存，存活；幸免于难
wisdom n. 智慧
effect n. 影响；效果
summary n. 总结，概要
context n. 上下文；背景；环境
Part 2 典型例句
1. International teams arrived to deliver emergency aid and vital supplies like food and medicine.
2. Temporary shelter is crucial for people to survive the first few nights.
3. They used special equipment to restore power to the disaster zone.
4. Every volunteer carried a first aid kit to provide on-the-spot medical assistance.
1. 翻译典型例句
国际救援队抵达，以提供紧急援助和如食物、药品等至关重要的补给。
临时避难所对于人们幸存下来度过最初几晚至关重要。
他们使用特殊设备为灾区恢复电力。
每位志愿者都携带了一个急救箱，以提供现场医疗援助。
Part 3 语篇巩固
语法填空(侧重行动与协调) (2 minutes)
The international 1. _______(救援) effort was swiftly launched to 2. _______(提供) critical 3. _______(援助). Teams worked to 4. _______(统一) their strategies, ensuring 5. _______(供应) lines remained open. 6. _______ (志愿者) distributed 7. _________(急救箱) and set up temporary 8. _______(避难所) for those whose homes were destroyed. Restoring 9. _______(电) and 10. _______(电力) was a top priority, allowing life-saving 11. __________(设备) to function. Thanks to this coordinated response, many people managed to 12. _______(幸存) the crisis.
rescue
deliver
aid
unify
Volunteers
first aid kit
supply
shelter
electricity
power
equipment
survive
语法填空(侧重成效与反思) (2 minutes)
The positive 1. _______(影响) of the operation was clear in the number of lives saved. The 2. _______(智慧) of setting up 3. _______(供应) bases in advance was a key lesson. A final 4. _______(总结) report placed the entire 5. _______(救援) 6. _______(行动) in a global 7. _______(背景), highlighting how shared 8. _______(援助) helps 9. _______(统一) the world in times of crisis. It concluded that advanced 10. __________(设备) and cooperation are vital to help more people 11. _______(幸存) future disasters.
effect
supply
wisdom
summary
rescue
effort
context
aid
equipment
survive
unify
4. 完成限时写作(课后作业)
假设你是李华，你所在的城市上周遭受了台风袭击。你的英国笔友Peter发来邮件表示关切。请你给他回复一封邮件，内容包括：
1. 感谢他的关心；
2. 描述台风的破坏及影响；
3. 谈谈你们目前的状况和未来的打算。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
高考英语真题中自然灾害类应用文主要集中在几个特定类型：
新闻报道、慰问信、演讲稿和倡议书
亲爱的彼得：
非常感谢你的关切，这对我意义重大。
上周，强大的台风袭击了我们城市，所到之处留下了广泛的破坏。 狂风暴雨持续了数小时。风暴过后，我们的社区一片废墟——许多树木被连根拔起，电力也被切断，困我们在黑暗中度过了一天。每个人都非常震惊，仿佛我们熟知的世界已经消失了。
现在，电力系统正在修复中，我们正齐心协力清理破坏的现场。复苏之路将会漫长而艰难，但我们决心重建家园。
再次感谢你的支持。
此致
敬礼
李华
Dear Peter,
Thank you so much for your kind concern. It means a lot to me.
The powerful typhoon struck our city last week, leaving widespread destruction in its wake. Strong winds and heavy rain lasted for hours. After the storm passed, our community lay in ruins—many trees were uprooted, and the electricity was cut off, trapping us in darkness for a day. The shock for everyone was deep, and it looked as if the world we knew had disappeared.
Now, the power system is being repaired, and we are working together to clean up the damage. The road to recovery will be long and difficult, but we are determined to rebuild our home.
Thanks again for your support.
Best regards,
Li Hua

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