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(共16张PPT)
Restrictive relative clause
限制性定语从句-关系副词
Unit 5 useful structure
Review What we have learnt
relative clasuse: what is it
定语从句
定义
从句
关系词
修饰名词或代词的句子
被修饰的名词或代词
引导定语从句的关联词
关系代词
关系副词
who whom that which whose as
when where why
eg. He hates dogs that chase him.
结构
先行词
关系词
分几类？
关系代词
关系代词 先行词 句法功能
who 人 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)
whom 人 宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)
whose(＝of whom/of which) 人或物 定语
that 人或物 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语
which 物 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)
as 人或物 主语、宾语只能指代整个主句
定语从句怎么选关系词？
1. 判断是否是定从：在名词后修饰名词
2. 判断是限制性 or非限制性:非限制性定从有“，”，不用that
3. 判断定语从句的从句部分是否完整：
否（缺主宾）-- 用关系代词 （which, that, who, whom, whose）
是（不缺主宾） -- 用关系副词 (where, when, why)
4. 关系代词选择看先行词：是人 -- who/whom/ that
是物 -- that/ which
!只用that不用which的情况：代高序双疑特
5. 体会句意：检查是否有“所属”关系 --whose
try to use relative clause to describe sth in this classroom
关系副词
It was a time when people were divided geographically.
Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.
There are many reasons why people learn a foreign language.
These were animal bones and shells on which
symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people.
在从句中作状语 -- 时间
在从句中作状语 -- 地点
在从句中作状语 -- 原因
在从句中作状语 -- 地点
关系副词引导的定语从句
先行词 关系 副词 在从句中的作用　 对应的 “介词＋关系代词”
表示时间的名词：time，day，year等 when 作时间状语 at/in/on/during
which
表示场所的名词：park，place，country，house等 where 作地点状语 in/at/to/on which
表示理由的名词：the reason why 作原因状语 for which
！先判断从句是否成分残缺
1．According to experts，this type of Chinese folk art originated from the Ming Dynasty _____ sugar animals and figures were created as part of ceremonies for sacrifice.
when
2．Woesler said that one of the reasons ____ modern Chinese literature has attracted him is that many works have strong regional characteristics.
3．Adolescence is an important period in a person's growth ____ guidance is badly needed in shaping the characters of the teenagers.
4．Some people grow up in more formal families _____ hugging isn't common.Others may experience abuse that makes hugging unpleasant.
why
when
where
(1)当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如point，situation，case，stage，state, example, family, group, team, club等时，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句。
(2)先行词occasion意为“时机”时，用关系副词when；意为“场合”时，用关系副词where。
(3)当先行词way意为“方法、方式”，且在从句中作状语时，可用that，in which （in this way）或省略关系词这三种形式。
I have come to the point where/at which I can't stand him.
我已经到了无法容忍他的地步。
The case _______ he gave is difficult to understand.
Can you give us a case ______ this word can be used as a noun
lease pay attention to the points _____ are underlined.
Their marriage has reached a point _____ a slightest quarrel can cause divorce.
that/ which
where
that/ which
where
看清楚从句是否缺成分
“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
　若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用whom，指物时常用which。whose可以转化为“the＋名词＋of which/whom”。另外，whose也可以放在介词后，即“介词＋whose＋名词”结构。
Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends.
一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。
1．William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes from _____ we can learn without repeating them.
2．China has many museums in _____ the collections of cultural relics are beyond count.It would be a pity if so many cultural relics and cultural heritages were only displayed in museum cabinets，lifeless and cold.
which
which
介词含义/搭配
关系副词 先行词 句中成分 介词＋关系代词
where 地点 地点状语 in / from which
He saw a hole in the wall, from which sea water was running. when 时间 时间状语 on/at/during...+which
The moment at which we got together finally came. I still remember the day on which I first came to the school. There followed a gap of four years, during which he joined the Army. why 原因 原因状语 for which
Please tell me the reason for which you are late. A letter box is a box with a hole ________ which the postman puts the letters.
A library is a place ________ which you borrow books.
A classroom is a place _________ which you study.
A good friend is a person ________ whom you share your sadness and happiness.
He isn’t the kind of person _________ whom you can rely to finish the job.
This is the family _________ which the cat belongs.
through
from
in
with
on
to
1.(2023·全国乙卷)But for all its ancient buildings，Beijing is also a place ________ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life，with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
2．(2023·全国甲卷)“There was once a town in the heart of America ________ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings，”her fable begins，...
4．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
5．(2022·全国甲卷)On the 1，100-kilometer journey，the man Cao Shengkang，________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident，crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces.
that/which
where
that
who

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