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/ 让学习更有效 期中备考培优 | 英语学科
/ 让学习更有效 期中备考培优 | 英语学科
2025-2026学年八年级英语上册期中复习考点培优沪教版（2024）
专题11 完形填空
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
Who designed (设计) the first helicopter Who 1 some of the most famous pictures in the world Who knew more about the human body than most 2 of his time There is an answer 3 all these questions—Leonardo da Vinci.
Leonardo may have been the greatest genius (天才) 4 have known. He lived in Italy in about the year 1500, but many of his inventions seem modern to us today. For example, one of his notebooks has drawings of a helicopter. Of course, he couldn’t 5 a helicopter with the things he had. But scientists say his idea might have worked.
But Leonardo 6 an inventor. He was one of the greatest artists of his day. By the time he was twenty years old, he was called a master (大师), and as he got older he became 7 more famous. Sometimes he 8 draw a hand in ten different ways.
Many of Leonardo’s wonderful paintings are still with 9 today. You may know one of his most famous works—Mona Lisa, a(n) 10 woman.
1．A．brought B．ate C．painted D．invented
2．A．teachers B．doctors C．students D．writers
3．A．to B．by C．for D．from
4．A．the scientists B．the artists C．the farmers D．people
5．A．draw B．paint C．work D．build
6．A．was just B．wasn’t just C．was no more D．was no longer
7．A．less B．no C．even D．very
8．A．could B．should C．must D．need
9．A．him B．us C．them D．you
10．A．interesting B．crying C．smiling D．surprising
Here are two articles from an Encyclopaedia.
One is about Leonardo da Vinci. Leonardo was an 11 painter, inventor, musician, engineer and scientist. He was born in the countryside. When he was a little boy, he 12 great intelligence and artistic ability. 13 he grew older, he 14 to do many different things. His paintings are very famous. He also had many 15 . For example, his notebooks include some interesting 16 of flying machines.
17 article is about dinosaurs. Dinosaurs lived on Earth more than 60 million years 18 human beings. They lived everywhere on Earth. There were many different 19 of dinosaurs. Small ones, huge ones, many dinosaurs ate plants, 20 some dinosaurs liked to eat meat.
11．A．Indian B．Italy C．Italian D．English
12．A．told B．appeared C．showed D．won
13．A．When B．As C．Before D．Until
14．A．had B．wanted C．preferred D．learnt
15．A．inventions B．paintings C．notebooks D．drawings
16．A．paintings B．drawings C．photos D．ideas
17．A．Other B．The other C．Another D．The others
18．A．after B．since C．before D．ago
19．A．kinds B．sizes C．hobbies D．habits
20．A．and B．so C．for D．while
You must know something about snails (蜗牛). They are interesting, aren’t they People all say snails “walk”, 21 most of the time snails don’t move at all. They’re in their shells (壳)— 22 .
The 23 sun will dry out (使……变干) a snail’s body. So when it’s sunny, a snail doesn’t get out of its shell. It goes to sleep 24 its shell. A snail will be 25 on rainy days. When it rains, it goes out of its shell house. A snail can sleep as long as it needs to. It can have a 26 sleep, or it can sleep for days at a time. And it 27 all the winter months sleeping in its shell.
In spring the snail 28 . Its body, about 8 cm long, comes out of the shell. When hungry, the snail looks for food. It can’t 29 very well. Its eyes, at the end of the top feelers (触角), are very weak. But its sense of smell is very strong. It helps the snail to find the fresh greens. Then the snail’s little mouth goes to work. Usually, a snail looks for food at 30 . But on cloudy days it eats in the daytime.
A snail can keep eating for hours and never feels full. Its mouth is like the point of a pin (大头针). But it is said that a snail has about 14,000 teeth!
21．A．so B．and C．but D．if
22．A．moving B．sleeping C．eating D．walking
23．A．hot B．cool C．cold D．big
24．A．on B．behind C．outside D．in
25．A．happy B．healthy C．lost D．interested
26．A．long B．short C．great D．whole
27．A．needs B．spends C．pays D．takes
28．A．gets up B．wakes up C．stands up D．climbs up
29．A．feel B．smell C．hear D．see
30．A．noon B．morning C．night D．home
Every scientist has a childhood dream. A scientist in China once had a(n) 31 . He wished to grow a new type of rice which could produce a lot. This person is Yuan Longping, who was 32 in 1930. He graduated from the Southwest Agricultural(农业) University in 1953. Yuan Longping came up with an idea for a hybrid(杂交的) rice in the 1960s. Since then, he has devoted himself to the research and development of new varieties(品种).
In 1973, together with other people, he 33 in the development of hybrid rice. This made China be a worldwide leader in rice production. For this, he was called “Father of Hybrid Rice”. In 1980, the technology for hybrid rice was 34 to the United States. 35 Professor Yuan’s hard work, China now produces enough rice to 36 her people every year.
In his 37 time, he loved playing the violin and listening to music. Every night, he read for half an hour 38 he went to sleep. He liked swimming, too.
It was said that Professor Yuan is one of the 39 people in China. And he cared about 40 but his research.
31．A．idea B．dream C．thought D．invention
32．A．born B．appeared C．discovered D．took
33．A．failed B．succeeded C．arrived D．defeated
34．A．given B．introduced C．won D．included
35．A．According to B．Compared with C．Because of D．Based on
36．A．feed B．offer C．send D．provide
37．A．spare B．busy C．lonely D．boring
38．A．after B．until C．before D．since
39．A．richest B．poorest C．oldest D．most careful
40．A．everything B．anything C．nothing D．something
People call Mary’s grandmother a “walking encyclopedia” because she 41 so much. She could probably write an encyclopedia on her own, without the assistance of anyone else! When she takes part in quizzes, she always 42 . She knows the 43 to all the questions and never gets 44 . “How do you know so many things ” Mary asked her.
“There are two 45 .” she replied. “First, I never forget anything I read or hear. All the 46 I get from books or television programmes is stored inside my head. I particularly like reading life stories, so I know a lot about many famous people. Second, I have had a long and interesting life. I have done many 47 things. When I left school, I became a nurse and learnt a lot 48 health and medicine. Then I married your grandfather. He was a naturalist and studied plants and animals. His job took us so many different parts of the world, and I learnt about many countries and their wildlife. Then my sons — your father and his two brothers were 49 . They grew up and 50 all kinds of sports, so I learnt the rules of many sports from them.”
41．A．thinks B．says C．travels D．knows
42．A．wins B．loses C．makes D．worries
43．A．things B．subjects C．answers D．words
44．A．something wrong B．anything wrong
C．wrong something D．wrong anything
45．A．problems B．reasons C．answers D．facts
46．A．stories B．ideas C．pictures D．knowledge
47．A．different B．same C．difficult D．hard
48．A．from B．with C．about D．at
49．A．big B．born C．young D．good
50．A．liked B．kicked C．found D．looked
The Story Behind “Luan Qi Ba Zao” (乱七八糟)—A Chinese Idiom for Chaos
In Chinese culture, the idiom “Luan Qi Ba Zao” is used to describe a situation that is completely messy or chaotic. Its meaning comes from two important historical 51 in ancient China.
During the Western Han Dynasty (202 BC–9 AD), Emperor Jingdi wanted to make the princes less powerful. This made seven princes very 52 . In 154 BC, they joined together to 53 the emperor. Their rebellion caused years of war, destroyed many cities, and left people’s lives in chaos. Although the emperor 54 won, the damage was huge. People later called this event “Luan Qi” (Chaotic Seven).
Later, in the Jin Dynasty (266–420 AD), eight princes started fighting each other for power. This “Eight Princes’ Rebellion” 55 from 291 to 306 AD．The war burned villages, killed thousands of people, and made society fall apart. The word “Ba Zao” (Eight Troubles) became a 56 of long-lasting chaos.
As time passed, people combined these two stories to 57 “Luan Qi Ba Zao”. They used it to talk about any situation that was as messy as these ancient wars. Today, we still use this phrase in daily life. For example: “My desk is a luan qi ba zao after studying all night!”
This idiom shows how history can 58 language. By learning about “Luan Qi Ba Zao”, we not only understand a phrase but also remember the lessons from the past: fighting and chaos always bring suffering.
For our junior students, learning idioms like “Luan Qi Ba Zao” is like opening a door to China’s rich history. When we understand their origins, we can discover more about history, appreciate our culture better, and 59 our language skills. In this way, idioms are like 60 between the past and the present. They help us feel proud of our cultural heritage while making learning interesting!
51．A．matters B．accident C．events D．activities
52．A．bored B．angry C．frightened D．embarrassed
53．A．fight for B．fight against C．protect from D．struggle against
54．A．eventually B．accidentally C．frequently D．suddenly
55．A．happened B．spread C．enlarged D．lasted
56．A．symbol B．review C．mark D．sign
57．A．invent B．discover C．create D．build
58．A．change B．choose C．decide D．influence
59．A．replace B．improve C．deepen D．renew
60．A．ways B．methods C．bridges D．paths
阅读短文，掌握大意，从A, B, C, D中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A long time ago, there was a king in India. The king’s favourite game was 61 . One day, a wise old man came to the palace and the king 62 him to a game. The king promised the old man, “You can have 63 prize if you win the game. ”
The old man said, “If I win the game, I’d like one grain of rice for the first square of the chessboard, two for the second, 64 for the third, and then double the amount for each of the rest of the squares. ”
“Is that all ” asked the king, “Wouldn’t you like gold 65 silver instead ”
“No, just rice”, replied the old man.
The king and the old man played the game 66 a long time. 67 the old man won. So the king ordered his men to collect a bag of rice. He put one 68 on the first square, two on the second and so on. The king quickly realized the 69 —even with all the rice in the country, he would still not have 70 rice to put on all the squares!
61．A．football B．chess C．baseball D．piano
62．A．wanted B．challenged C．promised D．asked
63．A．any B．a C．some D．many
64．A．six B．five C．four D．three
65．A．and B．or C．as well D．but
66．A．for B．since C．in D．during
67．A．At first B．At last C．At least D．At most
68．A．piece B．bar C．bunch D．grain
69．A．thing B．question C．matter D．problem
70．A．many B．any C．enough D．every
Counting before numbers
How did people count things a long time ago Before the invention of 71 numbers, people used many different 72 to count things. 73 , people use their fingers, and 74 their toes. However, they could only count small numbers 75 .
After that, they began to make small marks 76 sticks and bones. This helped them count 77 numbers. They used them to count the days of the month, the 78 of food and the number of animals they had.
Then people began to use tokens 79 clay or small stones. This helped them count 80 bigger numbers. They often put the tokens on pieces of string so that they could 81 them around easily. This 82 into tools like the abacus.
Finally, people began to 83 systems of written marks 84 show different numbers, and this led to the Hindu—Arabic system (0—9). We are still using 85 today.
71．A．writing B．written C．wrote D．to write
72．A．ideas B．ways C．instructions D．orders
73．A．In the end B．However C．At last D．At first
74．A．hardly B．just C．only D．even
75．A．by the way B．on the way C．in this way D．in a way
76．A．on B．in C．to D．with
77．A．smaller B．smallest C．bigger D．big
78．A．order B．amount C．number D．kinds
79．A．made in B．made of C．made by D．made from
80．A．very B．quite C．even D．too
81．A．carry B．take C．walk D．look
82．A．changed B．developed C．got D．turned
83．A．use B．check C．make D．develop
84．A．for B．in C．on D．to
85．A．him B．its C．it D．them
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1-10各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Computers are useful machines. They can help us a lot in our everyday life. They can help us save much 86 . On the other hand, they can also help us work out many problems we can’t solve (解决) 87 . Our country asks everyone to learn to 88 computers. Today more and more families own computers. Parents buy computers 89 their children. They hope computers can help them improve their children’s 90 in school. Yet (仍然) many of the children use computers to play games, to watch videos or to sing Karaoke 91 studying. So many teachers and parents 92 that computers cannot help children to study but make them fall behind. 93 computers are locked by parents in the boxes. In some other countries, 94 some scientists hate computers. They say computers let millions of people 95 their jobs or bring them a lot of trouble.
Will computers really bring trouble to people or can they bring people happiness It will be decided by people themselves.
86．A．time B．money C．paper D．food
87．A．carefully B．easily C．well D．usually
88．A．use B．play C．sell D．buy
89．A．with B．without C．for D．through
90．A．hobbies B．mind (思想) C．dreams D．studies
91．A．instead of B．because of C．for example D．such as
92．A．discuss B．imagine C．decide D．complain (抱怨)
93．A．But B．Or C．So D．And
94．A．even B．ever C．just D．still
95．A．lose B．find C．like D．have
A few years ago, when people had problems, what did they usually do Well, they usually asked their parents or friends for 96 . Today it is 97 for people to get advice from telephone hot-lines. A telephone hot-line gives people a good 98 of talking with advisers. Most hot-lines don’t need your name or other information. That is to say, callers do not 99 to tell their names or other information. Some hot-lines are 100 , so callers don’t have to pay for the advice or the phone calls. Some hot-lines 101 volunteers (志愿者) as advisers. 102 hot-lines pay the advisers for their work. The advisers are usually the people with years of education and 103 . They have to take classes before starting to 104 . Their work is to listen to calls and help them 105 their problems.
96．A．money B．advice C．questions D．chocolate
97．A．hard B．impossible C．sad D．easy
98．A．way B．habit C．dream D．time
99．A．make B．help C．have D．start
100．A．expensive B．free C．busy D．cheap
101．A．stop B．meet C．bring D．choose
102．A．Other B．Others C．Another D．The others
103．A．plan B．information C．experience D．difference
104．A．catch B．work C．study D．open
105．A．make B．forget C．remember D．solve
The first computers were made between the 1930s and 1940s. They were often the 106 of a room. And they were 107 programmed to do Maths problems. They were very important for businesses 108 they could work out very difficult problems again and again, without making mistakes.
In the 1970s, there were 109 computers. People bought computers for their homes. The computers didn’t have a mouse, but the keyboard was used to 110 the computer what to do.
When the 111 computer games were sold in the 1980s, people could use computers for 112 as well as for work. During the 1980s and 1990s, computers were sold with speakers and colour screens, and people could play more exciting 113 .
In the 1990s, a revolution (大变革) in communication 114 . People could use computers to talk with family and friends, and businesses could sell products all over the world 115 and easily. Computers are now also used for shopping, watching a movie, and downloading music. And in the future we may have smaller computers we can put in our pockets, and 3D computers for amazing movies and gaming experiences.
106．A．colour B．size C．height D．sound
107．A．never B．hardly C．usually D．seldom
108．A．because B．if C．when D．after
109．A．longer B．heavier C．smaller D．larger
110．A．teach B．tell C．help D．show
111．A．one B．two C．first D．second
112．A．health B．fun C．money D．safety
113．A．games B．songs C．sports D．balls
114．A．took after B．took off C．took place D．took out
115．A．quickly B．slowly C．happily D．carefully
Alvaro Morales had a scary experience when his father was misdiagnosed (误诊) by a doctor. Thanks to Alvaro’s sister, who is a heart expert, his father got the 116 treatment (治疗). This inspired (鼓舞) Alvaro to learn about why misdiagnosis happens in healthcare and how to 117 it.
He is now a student at Harvard Kennedy School and is learning about artificial intelligence (AI). He and his team 118 an app called PrescrAIbe. co. This app helps doctors make better 119 by predicting conditions and suggesting treatments according to a patient’s medical history. By using AI to deal with boring tasks, doctors can spend more time with patients, leading to better care.
Before studying at Harvard, Alvaro 120 at a local community clinic (诊所). He saw doctors were always very busy and sometimes they didn’t have enough time to carefully check the patients’ problems. This made Alvaro think that doctors really 121 a tool to help them. So he thought of the idea of making an app. Alvaro’s app is being tested and reviewed by healthcare experts to 122 it’s safe and helpful before using it widely.
The app is just a starting point. Alvaro is learning how to build a business around his app at the Harvard Innovation Labs. Besides, he also learned about the importance of keeping AI technology under 123 to protect patients and doctors.
Alvaro’s goal is to use AI to 124 healthcare and support doctors in their work. His experience at Harvard taught him the 125 of using technology responsibly. He believes that even small changes can make a big difference in the healthcare industry.
Alvaro Morales shared, “I see AI as a tool to develop human ability, not to replace it.”
116．A．wrong B．right C．uneasy D．unexpected
117．A．solve B．doubt C．describe D．follow
118．A．listened B．downloaded C．discovered D．created
119．A．trouble B．communities C．decisions D．effort
120．A．volunteered B．dreamed C．founded D．divided
121．A．educated B．needed C．expressed D．entered
122．A．show up B．put on C．make sure D．think about
123．A．fire B．pressure C．control D．repair
124．A．challenge B．improve C．understand D．protect
125．A．value B．interest C．safety D．problem
Villages in China have enjoyed their development in a digital way in recent years. With the help of digital technology, 126 are living an easier and happier life.
127 in the past was not an easy job. Farmers worked hard all year round. At the same time they usually found it difficult to solve problems like 128 diseases (疾病) and pests (害虫). Now there have been big changes in farming. For example, in Dayi County, Sichuan Province, there are 13 digital farms with AI 129 . These machines help local farmers know when and 130 to fertilize (施肥) and kill pests. In this way, they make farmers work more easily with less time and energy.
Thanks to the Internet, a new 131 called rural e-commerce (乡村电子商务) grows. Selling fresh fruit and vegetables to cities is faster. In the past, it was hard for people in 132 to know what villagers planted. Now, they can buy things 133 over the phones. The business also helps villagers live a digital life. They can get many things done on different kinds of apps. They can also use drones (无人机) to help with their farm work.
More visitors travel in beautiful villages because of digital technology. A good example is Huacheng Town, Guangdong Province. To let more people know its culture and attract more visitors, it 134 a “digital town”. Visitors can know where to park their cars for free, when to 135 a ticket easily and what to buy online. They can also enjoy the view of nearly every part of the town by using VR.
126．A．villagers B．tourists C．businessmen D．fishermen
127．A．Designing B．Building C．Farming D．Repairing
128．A．grass B．pet C．animal D．plant
129．A．models B．machines C．tools D．cameras
130．A．who B．how C．what D．where
131．A．business B．company C．community D．culture
132．A．hills B．villages C．provinces D．cities
133．A．early B．slowly C．easily D．luckily
134．A．dreams of B．looks through C．turns into D．arrives at
135．A．order B．book C．sell D．offer
Computer facts
Smaller and better
In the 1940s, the first computers were bigger than cars. Now computers are 136 smaller and better. Some computers are 137 . You may be not 138 of them.
There is probably 139 inside your TV or washing machine. You 140 computers more than you realize.
What can use we do with computers
We can use computers to calculate. They can calculate at a 141 speed than we can and almost never give wrong answers. We can also type and draw things with them. In addition, computers can do important jobs like 142 railways and flying spaceships.
Is a computer 143 than me
The answer is “No”. Your brain can 144 new ideas but computers cannot. However, one day computers may be able to do a better job than human beings. For example, they may be better than doctors at doing 145 job.
What will happen to us if computers can do all our jobs Computers may change our lives, but will they make them better
136．A．becoming B．turning C．going D．keeping
137．A．big B．large C．tiny D．lovely
138．A．made B．aware C．full D．unaware
139．A．computer B．it C．a D．one
140．A．want B．depend on C．like D．would like
141．A．better B．higher C．faster D．slower
142．A．operating B．driving C．to fly D．control
143．A．faster B．cleverer C．smaller D．worse
144．A．calculate B．find C．produce D．think
145．A．his B．him C．them D．their
AI (Artificial Intelligence) has been changing our lives in many ways. Recently, a new type of AI robot has come into people’s homes. It is called “HomePal” and it can help with a lot of housework.
HomePal is about 1.2 meters tall and has a round body. It has a screen on its face, which can show different 146 like happiness and kindness. Every morning, it can wake you up by playing your favorite music. Then, it can 147 breakfast for you. It knows how to make different kinds of food, from simple toast to delicious noodles.
After you go to school, HomePal starts to clean the house. It can sweep the floor, wipe the windows and even wash the dishes. It moves 148 so that it won’t knock over any furniture. When your parents come back from work, the house is always tidy and clean.
HomePal is also a good helper for students. When you have 149 with your homework, you can ask it for help. It can explain math problems 150 and tell interesting stories to help you relax. But it won’t give you the answers directly. Instead, it guides you to think on your own.
On weekends, HomePal can play games with your 151 . It can play chess with your dad or dance with your mom. It even knows how to 152 photos. Last week, my family had a birthday party for my grandma. HomePal took many beautiful photos for us and made a short video to record the happy moment.
However, HomePal is not 153 . Sometimes it can’t understand your words if you speak too fast. And it needs to be charged for four hours every day. But 154 , it brings a lot of convenience and joy to our lives.
As AI technology develops, we believe that future robots will be even more useful. They may become our closest friends and help us solve more problems. But we should also remember that AI is a tool. The most important thing in life is the love and care between people. No robot can 155 that.
146．A．expressions B．sounds C．voices D．noises
147．A．buy B．cook C．order D．eat
148．A．carefully B．quickly C．loudly D．carelessly
149．A．interest B．success C．fun D．difficulty
150．A．clearly B．angrily C．sadly D．quietly
151．A．parents B．friends C．family D．classmates
152．A．watch B．take C．make D．draw
153．A．slow B．fast C．imperfect D．perfect
154．A．in fact B．in total C．in general D．in return
155．A．replace B．create C．find D．lose
Many of the most useful things around us were invented by mistake, such as the Velcro TM strip (维可牢尼龙搭扣), potato chips and tea which were all accidents.
The Velcro TM strip was 156 in Switzerland by a mountaineer called George de Mestral, and one day in 1948, when he took his dog for a walk, the dog picked up many burrs (芒). George tried to pull them out but didn’t succeed. When he got home, he put one of the burrs under his microscope and saw that it was covered in tiny hooks (钩) which made it so 157 to remove the burrs from his dog. This gave him the 158 , and soon Velcro TM strip was born.
The potato chip was invented in 1853 by George Crum, a 159 who worked in a restaurant in America. One day, a customer in the restaurant sent back his plate of fried potatoes because they were cut too 160 . George was so angry that he cut a potato into very thin slices and fried them. Then he put lots of salt on them. He 161 that the customer would hate them, but the customer loved them and asked for more.
The most 162 drink in the world, after water of course, is tea. It’s another common thing that was invented 163 . It was invented in China around 5,000 years ago by a Chinese emperor called Shen Nong. The emperor was boiling water to drink over an open fire when some leaves fell into the water from a nearby plant. The emperor 164 that the leaves in the water produced a pleasant smell. He tasted the hot water and found it was quite delicious. And this is the 165 that tea was invented.
156．A．used B．shared C．sold D．invented
157．A．nervous B．difficult C．dangerous D．boring
158．A．advice B．hope C．test D．idea
159．A．cook B．waiter C．cleaner D．manager
160．A．small B．big C．thick D．thin
161．A．thought B．regretted C．imagined D．explained
162．A．expensive B．popular C．interesting D．delicious
163．A．gradually B．directly C．accidentally D．suddenly
164．A．noticed B．ordered C．knew D．said
165．A．place B．plan C．time D．way
Today, roller skating (滑旱冰) is an easy and fun sport. 166 many years ago, it wasn’t easy at all. In 1750, a worker named Joseph Merlin invented it. In his free time, Merlin liked to play the violin. He was a man with many ideas and many 167 . People called him a dreamer.
One day, Merlin would go to an important party. He was happy and excited. As the days of the party came near, Merlin began to 168 how to make a special entrance (入场) at the party. He had an idea. He thought that he would get 169 attention (关注) if he could skate into the room.
Merlin tried different ways to make himself move. 170 , he decided to put two wheels (轮子) under each shoe. These were the first roller skate shoes. Merlin was very excited. He dreamed of arriving at the party and skating into the room while playing the violin. He was sure that everyone would be very surprised.
On the night of the party, Merlin rolled into the room, playing the 171 . Everyone was really surprised to see him. There was just one 172 . Merlin had no way to stop! He kept on skating. Then, with all 173 on him, he hit into a big mirror (镜子) on the wall. The mirror 174 into many pieces with a very loud noise. People laughed. But 175 remembered Merlin’s wonderful entrance!
166．A．And B．But C．So
167．A．dreams B．messages C．suggestions
168．A．think B．record C．celebrate
169．A．many B．a little C．a lot of
170．A．Suddenly B．Certainly C．Finally
171．A．violin B．piano C．guitar
172．A．cause B．problem C．question
173．A．hands B．cars C．eyes
174．A．broke B．put C．threw
175．A．somebody B．everybody C．nobody
Daniel Grapain from Mexico has recently made a robot using recycled materials.
After learning that his school was planning to host a knowledge fair, the 15-year-old 176 no time getting ready for it. He recycled materials, using them to make a 177 named Larry. In no time, he made the chest of the robot using a plastic jug (罐) and the head out of a smaller jug.
Filled with confidence, the student 178 built Larry by putting together different circuits (线路). A cable (电缆) joined the 179 body parts together, including a small platform (平台) that allowed Larry to move.
Grapain didn’t buy anything new to build Larry, not even the power source (电源) that made the robot 180 to life. “Everything is recycled, 181 the cap he wears,” the student shared during an interview with Maestro Marciano, a teacher in Oaxaca, Mexico, who shared Grapain’s 182 on social media. In a video, Grapain used a remote control (遥控器) to make Larry 183 its arms and head. “Hello, I’m Larry,” the robot said, 184 itself. It went on to explain that Grapain was the one who made it. After Larry’s amazing show, Grapain got congratulations for being 185 . As a prize, he got a set of tools. Grapain said that he would use the tools to continue making cool things.
176．A．wasted B．spent C．took D．gave
177．A．boy B．toy C．robot D．student
178．A．carefully B．successfully C．seriously D．slowly
179．A．similar B．different C．difficult D．old
180．A．add B．apply C．send D．come
181．A．even B．still C．only D．almost
182．A．troubles B．dream C．experiences D．excuse
183．A．move B．change C．touch D．follow
184．A．showing B．introducing C．explaining D．talking
185．A．brave B．confident C．creative D．young
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑
Is it difficult for you to get up in the morning Are you often late for work or school Yes Then a scientist called Mike has a 186 bed for you. His bed will get you up in the 187 ! Here is how it works.
The bed is connected to a(n) 188 clock. First, the alarm clock rings. You have a few minutes to wake up. Next, a tape recorder in the bed plays 189 music and then a beautiful voice comes, “Wake up, please.” A few minutes later, loud music comes from the tape recorder. At the same time, you may 190 the voice of your boss. Your boss shouts 191 , “Wake up at once, or you’ll be late!” If you don’t 192 after that, you’ll be sorry! A plastic “foot” is in the bed. It kicks you in the head. Then the bed waits a few more minutes. What! You’re still in bed! Slowly the top of the bed rises 193 and the foot of the bed goes lower. Finally, you fall off the bed and onto the 194 . You are out of bed and awake!
Mike made his bed because he wanted to take part in a competition. Mike 195 the first prize for his bed.
186．A．harmful B．boring C．traditional D．special
187．A．midnight B．morning C．evening D．night
188．A．video B．phone C．alarm D．keyboard
189．A．soft B．sad C．nervous D．angry
190．A．ask B．hear C．find D．think
191．A．carefully B．happily C．angrily D．sadly
192．A．look for B．put off C．take out D．get up
193．A．higher B．lower C．deeper D．smaller
194．A．river B．floor C．beach D．mountain
195．A．checked B．typed C．sold D．won
A famous designer (设计师) and a university student produce a new cup called Vessyl. They have spent several years 196 it. The smart cup can not only tell Coca Cola from Pepsi Cola, 197 also tell people whether they should drink water or not.
When people 198 liquid (液体) into this smart cup, a few seconds (秒) later, it can check this kind of liquid and tell them what it is. Then it gives 199 information about the drink, such as its sugar, fat and calorie. When people put the cup in their 200 , it can also show them the condition of their bodies. If they are 201 , Vessyl can tell them to drink water.
“My partner and I want people to 202 healthy. In modern society, people are usually 203 busy to do exercise, or even drink enough water every day. They have much 204 of work. We produce this smart cup so that people can make a choice 205 ,” the designer said.
196．A．study B．studying C．studied D．to studying
197．A．and B．though C．nor D．but
198．A．pour B．pull C．lift D．regard
199．A．a few B．a lot C．lots of D．many
200．A．desks B．hands C．bags D．eyes
201．A．full B．hungry C．thirsty D．awful
202．A．carry B．have C．touch D．keep
203．A．too B．to C．so D．very
204．A．danger B．pressure C．power D．laughter
205．A．quietly B．hardly C．wisely D．recently
/ 让学习更有效 期中备考培优 | 英语学科
/ 让学习更有效 期中备考培优 | 英语学科
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
参考答案及试题解析
1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．D 6．B 7．C 8．A 9．B 10．C
【导语】本文介绍了著名艺术家列奥纳多·达·芬奇不仅是人们所知的伟大天才、发明家，还是当时最伟大的艺术家之一，其许多杰出画作至今留存。
1．句意：谁绘制了世界上一些最著名的画作？
brought带来；ate吃；painted绘画；invented发明。根据“some of the most famous pictures”可知，此处指绘制画作，故选C。
2．句意：谁比他那个时代的大多数医生更了解人体？
teachers教师；doctors医生；students学生；writers作家。“knew more about the human body”与人体相关，医生更了解人体，故选B。
3．句意：所有这些问题都有一个答案——列奥纳多·达·芬奇。
to到；by通过；for对于；from来自。“an answer to...”是固定短语，意为“……的答案”，故选A。
4．句意：列奥纳多可能是人们所知道的最伟大的天才。
the scientists科学家们；the artists艺术家们；the farmers农民们；people人们。此处是泛指人们所知晓的，范围最广，people符合语境，故选D。
5．句意：当然，他无法用他所拥有的东西建造一架直升机。
draw画；paint绘画；work工作；build建造。根据“he couldn’t...a helicopter with the things he had.”可知，指达·芬奇无法实际建造直升机，故选D。
6．句意：但列奥纳多不仅仅是一个发明家。
was just只是；wasn’t just不仅仅是；was no more不再是；was no longer不再是。后文提到他还是伟大的艺术家，说明他不只是发明家，故选B。
7．句意：到他二十岁时，他就被称为大师了，随着年龄的增长，他变得更加有名。
less更少；no不；even甚至；very非常。“even more famous”表示“更加有名”，even可用来加强比较级，故选C。
8．句意：有时他能以十种不同的方式画一只手。
could能够；should应该；must必须；need需要。根据“Sometimes he ... draw a hand in ten different ways.”可知，此处表示具备某种能力，用could，故选A。
9．句意：列奥纳多的许多精彩画作至今仍与我们同在。
him他；us我们；them他们；you你/你们。根据“Many of Leonardo’s wonderful paintings are still with ... today.”可知，此处是说这些画作至今还在我们身边，故选B。
10．句意：你可能知道他最著名的作品之一——《蒙娜丽莎》，一个微笑的女人。
interesting有趣的；crying哭泣的；smiling微笑的；surprising令人惊讶的。《蒙娜丽莎》以画中女子的微笑闻名，故选C。
11．C 12．C 13．B 14．D 15．A 16．B 17．B 18．C 19．A 20．D
【导语】本文是选自《百科全书》的两篇短文。一是关于达芬奇，另一个是关于恐龙。
11．句意：达芬奇是意大利画家、发明家、音乐家、工程师和科学家。
Indian印度的；Italy意大利；Italian意大利的；English英国的。根据“an … painter”可知，此处应用形容词作定语，结合常识可知，达芬奇是意大利的。故选C。
12．句意：当他还是个小男孩的时候，他就表现出了很高的智力和艺术才能。
told告诉；appeared出现；showed展现；won赢得。根据“great intelligence”可知，此处应指展现出很高的智力。故选C。
13．句意：随着年龄的增长，他学会了做许多不同的事情。
When当……时候；As随着；Before在……之前；Until直到。根据“he … to do many different things”可知，此处应指随着年龄的增长。故选B。
14．句意：随着年龄的增长，他学会了做许多不同的事情。
had有；wanted想要；preferred更喜欢；learnt学习。根据“His paintings are very famous. He also had many … .”可知，此处应指学会了做许多不同的事情。故选D。
15．句意：他也有许多发明。
inventions发明；paintings图画；notebooks笔记本；drawings图纸。根据“his notebooks include some interesting … of flying machines”可知，此处应指有许多发明。故选A。
16．句意：例如，他的笔记本上有一些有趣的飞行器图。
paintings图画；drawings图纸；photos照片；ideas想法。根据“his notebooks include some interesting … of flying machines”可知，笔记本上应是画的关于飞行机器的图纸。故选B。
17．句意：另一篇文章是关于恐龙的。
Other其他的；The other两者中的另一个；Another另一个；The others其他人。根据“Here are two articles from an encyclopaedia.”与“One is about Leonardo da Vinci.”可知，此处应指两者中的另一个，one…the other…“一个……另一个……”。故选B。
18．句意：恐龙比人类早6000多万年生活在地球上。
after在……之后；since自从；before在……之前；ago之前。根据“Dinosaurs lived on Earth more than 60 million years … human beings.”结合常识可知，恐龙是生活在人类之前。故选C。
19．句意：这里有许多不同种类的恐龙。
kinds种类；sizes尺寸；hobbies爱好；habits习惯。根据“Small ones, huge ones”可知，此处应指有许多不同的种类。故选A。
20．句意：小恐龙，大恐龙，许多恐龙吃植物，而一些恐龙喜欢吃肉。
and并且；so所以；for因为；while然而。根据“many dinosaurs ate plants, … some dinosaurs liked to eat meat”可知，两者之间为转折，因此应用while。故选D。
21．C 22．B 23．A 24．D 25．A 26．B 27．B 28．B 29．D 30．C
【导语】本文介绍了蜗牛的生活习性，包括它们如何依赖天气变化来决定是否活动、它们的睡眠习惯以及寻找食物的方式。
21．句意：人们都说蜗牛“爬行”，但实际上大多数时候蜗牛根本就一动不动。
so所以；and和；but但是；if如果。根据“ People all say snails ‘walk’ ... most of the time snails don’t move at all.”可知，前半句说“人们都说蜗牛在‘走路’”，后半句说“大部分时间蜗牛根本不动”，两者是转折关系。故选C。
22．句意：它们在壳里睡觉。
moving移动；sleeping睡觉；eating吃；walking走路。根据后文“It goes to sleep in its shell.”和“And it ... all the winter months sleeping in its shell.”可知，蜗牛习性以休眠为主。故选B。
23．句意：炎热的太阳会使蜗牛的身体变干。
hot炎热的；cool凉爽的；cold寒冷的；big大的。根据“sun will dry out a snail’s body”可知，太阳会使蜗牛身体“变干”，这通常由高温引起。故选A。
24．句意：它在壳里睡觉。
on在……上；behind在……后；outside在……外；in在……里。根据前文“in their shells”，且本句主语“it”指蜗牛可知，蜗牛睡觉时在壳内部，因此介词需用in。故选D。
25．句意：蜗牛在雨天会很开心。
happy开心的；healthy健康的；lost迷路的；interested感兴趣的。根据后文“When it rains, it goes out of its shell house.”可知，下雨时，它会从壳房子里出来，说明蜗牛喜欢雨天。故选A。
26．句意：它可以睡一小会儿，也可以一次睡上好几天。
long长的；short短的；great棒的；whole整个的。根据“or”可知，句子在对比两种睡眠：一种是短时间睡眠，另一种是长时间睡眠（睡好几天）。short“短的”与“for days”形成对比，符合逻辑。故选B。
27．句意：而且，它整个冬天都在壳里睡觉。
needs需要；spends花费；pays支付；takes拿。根据“And it ... all the winter months sleeping in its shell.”可知，句子描述蜗牛“花费”整个冬天睡觉。主语“it”是蜗牛，需用“spend time doing”结构表示“花费时间做某事。故选B。
28．句意：春天，蜗牛醒来。
gets up起床；wakes up醒来；stands up站立；climbs up爬上。根据“And it spends all the winter months sleeping in its shell.”可知，蜗牛冬眠，春天应“从睡眠中苏醒”。故选B。
29．句意：当饥饿时，蜗牛会寻找食物。
feel感觉；smell闻；hear听；see看。根据“Its eyes, at the end of the top feelers, are very weak.”可知，它的眼睛非常弱”，直接说明视力问题。因此，空格应填“看”的能力不足。故选D。
30．句意：通常，蜗牛在晚上寻找食物。
noon中午；morning早上；night晚上；home家。根据“But on cloudy days it eats in the daytime.”可知，此处表示转折，所以通常不在白天进食。蜗牛是夜行动物，避免日间干燥。故选C。
31．B 32．A 33．B 34．B 35．C 36．A 37．A 38．C 39．D 40．C
【导语】本文介绍了中国著名的科学家袁隆平教授，他发展的杂交水稻技术，极大地提高了粮食产量，他一心只做研究，是中国最伟大的人物之一。
31．句意：中国的一位科学家曾经有一个梦想。
idea主意；dream梦想；thought想法；invention发明。根据“Every scientist has a childhood dream”可知是指梦想，故选B。
32．句意：这个人叫袁隆平，出生于1930年。
born出生；appeared出现；discovered发现；took拿。根据“This person is Yuan Longping, who was...in 1930”可知是说袁隆平出生于1930年，故选A。
33．句意：1973年，他和其他人一起成功地培育出了杂交水稻。
failed失败；succeeded成功；arrived到达；defeated击败。根据“This made China be a worldwide leader in rice production.”可知袁隆平和其他人一起成功地培育出了杂交水稻。故选B。
34．句意：1980年，杂交水稻技术被引入美国。
given给；introduced介绍，引进；won赢；included包括。根据“In 1980, the technology for hybrid rice was...to the United States”可知杂交水稻技术被引入美国。故选B。
35．句意：由于袁教授的辛勤工作，中国现在每年生产的大米足够养活她的人民。
According to根据；Compared with和……比较；Because of因为；Based on基于。根据“Professor Yuan’s hard work, China now produces enough rice to...her people every year.”可知是由于袁隆平的辛勤工作，中国现在不缺少粮食了，故选C。
36．句意：由于袁教授的辛勤工作，中国现在每年生产的大米足够养活她的人民。
feed喂养；offer提供；send发送；provide提供。根据“China now produces enough rice to...her people”可知是指大米养活中国人，故选A。
37．句意：在业余时间，他喜欢拉小提琴和听音乐。
spare空闲的；busy忙碌的；lonely可爱的；boring无聊的。根据“In his...time, he loved playing the violin and listening to music.”可知空闲时间里，袁隆平喜欢拉小提琴和听音乐。故选A。
38．句意：每天晚上睡觉前，他都要读半个小时的书。
after在……之后；until直到；before在……之前；since自从。根据“he read for half an hour...he went to sleep.”可知看书是在睡觉前，故选C。
39．句意：据说袁教授是中国最细心的人之一。他除了他的研究之外什么也不关心。
richest最富裕的；poorest最穷的；oldest最老的；most careful最细心的。根据全文理解可知，此处是介绍袁隆平教授在工作上的认真、细心。故选D。
40．句意：据说袁教授是中国最细心的人之一。他除了他的研究之外什么也不关心。
everything一切；anything任何事；nothing没有什么；something某事。根据“he cared about…but his research”可知，袁隆平教授除了研究之外，什么也不关心；nothing but“除了……什么也不，只有”。故选C。
41．D 42．A 43．C 44．B 45．B 46．D 47．A 48．C 49．B 50．A
【导语】本文主要讲述了Mary的奶奶由于丰富的人生阅历，储备了丰富的知识，被称为“行走的百科全书”。
41．句意：人们称Mary的奶奶为“行走的百科全书”，因为她知道很多。
thinks认为；says说；travels旅行；knows知道。根据后文“She could probably write an encyclopedia on her own, without the assistance of anyone else!”可知她知识丰富，应是“知道”很多，因此用“knows”。故选D。
42．句意：当她参加知识竞赛时，她总是能赢。
wins赢；loses丢失；makes制作；worries担忧。根据后文“She knows the answers to all the questions and never gets anything wrong.”可知，应是总能获胜。故选A。
43．句意：她知道所有问题的答案而且从来不会出错。
things事情；subjects科目；answers答案；words单词。根据后面搭配的“…to all the questions”可知应用“answers”，表示“问题的答案”。故选C。
44．句意：她知道所有问题的答案而且从来不会出错。
something wrong错误的事情（用于肯定句）；anything wrong错误的事情（用于否定意义的句子）；wrong something错误表达；wrong anything错误表达。修饰复合不定代词的定语要后置，因此排除选项C和D，根据句中“never”可知，应用“anything”。故选B。
45．句意：她回答道：“有两个原因。”
problems难题；reasons原因；answers答案；facts事实。根据上文的问题“How do you know so many things ”可知回答知道这么多事情的原因，用“reasons”。故选B。
46．句意：我从书上和电视节目上获取的所有知识都存在了我的头脑里。
stories故事；ideas主意；pictures图画；knowledge知识。根据后面的“is”可知，主语应是单数名词或是不可数名词。知识“knowledge”不可数且符合句意。故选D。
47．句意：我做了许多不同的事情。
different不同的；same相同的；difficult困难的；hard艰难的。根据后面举的不同的例子“When I left school…so I learnt the rules of many sports from them.”可知此处应用“different”。故选A。
48．句意：当我离开学校时，我成为了一名护士，并且学习到了很多有关健康和医疗的知识。
from来自；with带有；about关于；at在。根据下文“and I learnt about many countries and their wildlife”提示可知此处也应用短语“learn about”表示“了解到”，因此用“about”。故选C。
49．句意：然后我的儿子——你的爸爸和他的两个兄弟出生了。
big大的；born出生；young年轻的；good好的。根据后句“They grew up…”可知此处应指“出生”，用短语“be born”，因此选“born”。故选B。
50．句意：他们长大了，喜欢各种运动，因此我也从他们身上学到了很多运动规则。
liked喜欢；kicked踢；found找到；looked看。根据后面搭配的宾语“all kinds of sports”可知此处应用“liked”表示“喜欢”。故选A。
51．C 52．B 53．B 54．A 55．D 56．A 57．C 58．D 59．B 60．C
【导语】本文介绍了汉语成语“乱七八糟”的历史背景及其文化意义。
51．句意：该成语的含义来源于中国古代两起重要历史事件。
matters事务；accident事故；events事件；activities活动。根据“two important historical…”可知指两个重要的历史事件，故选C。
52．句意：这使七位诸侯非常愤怒。
bored无聊；angry愤怒；frightened害怕；embarrassed尴尬。根据“make the princes less powerful”可知诸侯因削藩而愤怒，故选B。
53．句意：在公元前154年，他们联合反抗皇帝。
fight for争取；fight against反抗；protect from保护；struggle against多指艰难斗争。根据“rebellion”可知是反抗皇帝，故选B。
54．句意：虽然皇帝最终获胜，但是损失是巨大的。
eventually最终；accidentally偶然；frequently频繁；suddenly突然。根据“the damage was huge”可知战争持续后最终胜利，故选A。
55．句意：八王之乱从公元291年持续到306年。
happened发生；spread扩散；enlarged扩大；lasted持续。根据时间跨度“291 to 306 AD”强调持续时间，故选D。
56．句意：单词“八糟”成为长期混乱的象征。
symbol象征；review回顾；mark记号；sign标志。根据“of long-lasting chaos”可知“八糟”象征混乱，故选A。
57．句意：随着时间的过去，人们结合两事件创造出成语“乱七八糟”。
invent发明；discover发现；create创造；build建造。根据“combined”可知是创造新成语，强调从无到有的过程，故选C。
58．句意：这个习语展示了历史如何影响语言。
change改变；choose选择；decide决定；influence影响。根据“language”和“lessons”强调历史对语言的间接影响，故选D。
59．句意：当我们了解他们的起源时，我们可以发现更多的历史，更好地欣赏我们的文化，以及提升我们的语言技能。
replace替换；improve提高；deepen深化；renew更新。根据“language skills”可知，是提升语言技巧，搭配“improve”最合理，故选B。
60．句意：用这种方式，习语就像一座连接过去和现在的桥梁。
ways方式；methods方法；bridges桥梁；paths路径。根据“between the past and the present”强调连接作用，故选C。
61．B 62．B 63．A 64．C 65．B 66．A 67．B 68．D 69．D 70．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了印度的一个国王很喜欢下棋，一天一个老人来到皇宫与他下棋，国王说如果他能赢，什么条件都答应他，老人的要求就是棋盘的第一个格子一粒米，第二个格子两粒米，第三个格子四粒米，依此类推，每多一个格子米粒的数量都是上一个格子的两倍。国王觉得这是小事一桩，后来老人赢了，国王才意识到就算倾全国的力量，也不够付所有的米。
61．句意：国王最喜欢的游戏是国际象棋。
football足球；chess国际象棋；baseball棒球；piano钢琴。根据下文“I’d like one grain of rice for the first square of the chessboard”，可知，提到了棋盘，故这个国王很喜欢下棋。故选B。
62．句意：一天，一个老人来到王宫，国王向他挑战，要和他来一场比赛。
wanted想要；challenged挑战；promised承诺；asked问。根据“the king promised the old man”可知，老人来到王宫，国王向他挑战。故选B。
63．句意：如果你赢了比赛，你可以拥有任何奖励。
any任何；a 一个；some一些；many许多。根据“if you win the game.”可知，如果老人赢了比赛，就可以获得任何奖励。故选A。
64．句意：老人说：“如果我赢了，我想在棋盘的第一个方格放一粒米，第二个方格里放两粒米，第三个方格里放四粒米，然后在剩余的每个方格里放两倍的米。”
six六；five五；four四；three三。根据“for the first square of the chessboard, two for the second”可知，第一格放一粒米，第二个放两粒米，故第三个放四粒米。故选C。
65．句意：你不想要金子或者银子来代替吗？
and和；or或者；as well也；but但是。根据上文可知，国王认为大米的要求很简单，问智者要不要用黄金或者银子来代替。故选B。
66．句意：国王和老人比赛了很长时间。
for长达；since自从；in在……里；during在……期间。根据“...a long time”f可知，需介词for，for a long time表示“一段长的时间”。故选A。
67．句意：最后老人赢了。
At first起初；At last最后；At least至少；At most最多。根据“the old man won.”可知，老人最后获胜了。故选B。
68．句意：他在第一个方格上放一粒，在第二个方格上放两粒，以此类推。
piece块；bar条；bunch串；grain粒。根据上文可知，在方格里放大米粒。故选D。
69．句意：国王很快意识到了这个问题——即使用上国家所有的大米，他仍然没有足够的大米放进格子里。
thing事情；question问题；matter事情；problem问题。根据“he would still not have...rice to put on all the squares!”可知，这个国家的大米都不够给老人，因此国王意识到了这个问题。故选D。
70．句意：国王很快意识到了这个问题——即使用上国家所有的大米，他仍然没有足够的大米放进格子里。
many许多；any任何；enough足够的；every每一个。根据“even with all the rice in the country”可知，即使是国家所有的大米，仍然不够给老人。故选C。
71．B 72．B 73．D 74．D 75．C 76．A 77．C 78．B 79．D 80．C 81．A 82．B 83．D 84．D 85．C
【导语】本文介绍了数字发明之前，人们是如何计数的。
71．句意：在发明书面数字之前，人们用许多不同的方法来计数。
writing写，为现在分词；written写，为过去分词；wrote写，为write的一般过去式；to write写，为动词不定式。根据“to count things”可知，此句是说在发明书面数字之前，此处用过去分词作定语，表示被动。故选B。
72．句意：在发明书面数字之前，人们用许多不同的方法来计数。
ideas主意；ways方式；instructions说明；orders顺序。根据“people used many different”可知，此句是说用不同的方法计数。故选B。
73．句意：起初，人们用手指，甚至脚趾。
In the end最后；However然而；At last最后；At first起初。根据“people use their fingers”可知，此句是说起初，人们用手指。故选D。
74．句意：起初，人们用手指，甚至脚趾。
hardly几乎不；just仅仅；only只要；even甚至。根据“and...their toes”可知，此句是说人们甚至用脚趾。故选D。
75．句意：然而，他们只能用这种方法计算小的数字。
by the way顺便说一句；on the way在路上；in this way用这种方法；in a way用一种方式。根据“they could only count small numbers”可知，此句是说只能用这种方法算小的数字。故选C。
76．句意：从那以后，他们开始在树枝和骨头上做小记号。
on在……上面；in在……里面；to到；with用。根据“they began to make small marks”可知，此句是说在树枝和骨头上做记号。故选A。
77．句意：这有助于他们计算更大的数字。
smaller更小的；smallest最小的；bigger更大；big大的。根据“They used them to count the days of the month”可知，此句是说有助于计划大的数字。故选C。
78．句意：他们用它们来计算每个月的天数，食物的数量和他们拥有的动物的数量。
order订购；amount数量；number数字；kinds种类。根据“They used them to count”可知，此句是说计算食物的数量。故选B。
79．句意：然后，人们开始使用粘土或小石头制成的代币。
made in在……里制造；made of由……制成，看得出原料；made by被……里制造；made from由……制成，看不出原料。根据“clay or small stones”可知，此句是说使用粘土或小石头制成的代币，从成品不能看出原料。故选D。
80．句意：这有助于他们计算更大的数字。
very很，用于不定冠词之后；quite十分，用于不定冠词前；even甚至；too太。根据“bigger numbers”可知，此句是说有助于计划更大的数字，此处even在比较级中表示程度。故选C。
81．句意：他们经常把代币绑在绳子上，以便随身携带。
carry携带；take带走；walk走路；look看。根据“They often put the tokens on pieces of string”可知，此句是说方便携带。故选A。
82．句意：这就发展成了像算盘这样的工具。
changed改变；developed发展；got得到；turned转弯。根据“into tools like the abacus”可知，此句是说发展成了像算盘这样的工具。故选B。
83．句意：最后，人们开始发展书写符号系统来表示不同的数字，这导致了印度-阿拉伯系统(0-9)。
use使用；check检查；make制造；develop发展。根据“systems of written marks”可知，此句是说发展书写符号系统。故选D。
84．句意：最后，人们开始发展书写符号系统来表示不同的数字，这导致了印度-阿拉伯系统(0-9)。
for为了；in在……里；on在……上面；to不定式符号。根据“show different numbers”可知，此处用动词不定式表示目的。故选D。
85．句意：我们今天还在使用它。
him他；its它的；it它；them它们。根据“and this led to the Hindu—Arabic system”可知，此句是说现在还在使用这个印度-阿拉伯系统，应用代词it。故选C。
86．A 87．B 88．A 89．C 90．D 91．A 92．D 93．C 94．A 95．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了计算机在日常生活中的作用，以及家长为孩子购置计算机的情况，还阐述了部分孩子用计算机娱乐而非学习，导致老师和家长不满，甚至在一些国家连科学家也对计算机有负面看法，最后指出计算机带来的是麻烦还是幸福取决于人们自身。
86．句意：它们能帮我们节省很多时间。
time时间；money钱；paper纸；food食物。根据“They can help us a lot in our everyday life. ”及“they can also help us work out many problems we can’t solve”可知，计算机能在很多方面帮我们，结合生活常识，计算机可以帮助我们节省时间，故选A。
87．句意：另一方面，它们也能帮我们解决很多我们不能轻易解决的问题。
carefully仔细地；easily轻易地；well好地；usually通常。根据“they can also help us work out many problems we can’t solve”可知，我们不能解决的问题一般都是一些难以轻易搞定的问题，故选B。
88．句意：我们国家要求每个人学习使用计算机。
use使用；play玩；sell卖；buy买。根据“They can help us save much time. On the other hand, they can also help us work out many problems we can’t solve easily.”可知，计算机对于我们的日常生活有很多好处，因此国家要求每个人学习使用计算机，故选A。
89．句意：父母为他们的孩子买计算机。
with和……一起；without没有；for为了；through通过。此处考查固定搭配buy sth. for sb.，意为“为某人买某物”，故选C。
90．句意：他们希望计算机能帮助提高孩子在学校的学习。
hobbies爱好；mind思想；dreams梦想；studies学习。根据“They hope computers can help them improve their children’s...in school.”可知，孩子们在学校的主要任务是学习，因此家长希望计算机可以帮助孩子提高在学习，故选D。
91．句意：然而很多孩子用计算机玩游戏、看视频或者唱卡拉OK，而不是学习。
instead of而不是；because of因为；for example例如；such as比如。根据“computers cannot help children to study but make them fall behind”可知，计算机没有帮助孩子学习反而让他们落后了，所以很多孩子用计算机玩游戏、看视频或者唱卡拉OK，而不是用来学习，故选A。
92．句意：所以很多老师和家长抱怨计算机不能帮助孩子学习，反而让他们落后。
discuss讨论；imagine想象；decide决定；complain抱怨。根据“computers cannot help children to study but make them fall behind”可知，因孩子用计算机不能帮助学习反而落后，老师和家长表达不满，complain表示“抱怨”，符合语境。故选D。
93．句意：所以计算机被父母锁在箱子里。
But但是；Or或者；So所以；And和。根据原文可知，前文提到老师和家长抱怨孩子用计算机的问题，后文“computers are locked by parents in the boxes”是前文导致的结果，存在因果关系，“So”表结果，其他选项不符合逻辑。故选C。
94．句意：在其他一些国家，甚至一些科学家讨厌计算机。
even甚至；ever曾经；just仅仅；still仍然。根据“some scientists hate computers”可知，此处需强调程度，体现“连科学家都讨厌计算机”的递进关系，even表示“甚至”，强调程度或范围的递进， 符合语境。故选A。
95．句意：他们说计算机让数百万人失去工作或者给他们带来很多麻烦。
lose失去；find找到；like喜欢；have有。根据“bring them a lot of trouble”可知，科学家提及计算机的负面影响，给他们带来很多麻烦，“让人们失去工作”符合这个负面影响的语境，故选A。
96．B 97．D 98．A 99．C 100．B 101．D 102．A 103．C 104．B 105．D
【导语】本文是说明文，主要介绍了过去人们遇到问题时通常会向父母或朋友寻求建议，而现在人们更倾向于通过电话热线获取建议。
96．money钱；advice建议；questions问题；chocolate巧克力。根据“A few years ago, when people had problems, what did they usually do ”可知，有问题时，向父母或朋友寻求建议。故选B。
97．句意：如今，人们很容易通过电话热线获得建议。
hard困难的；impossible不可能的；sad伤心的；easy容易的。根据“for people to get advice from telephone hot-lines.”以及下文内容可知，现在从电话热线获得建议是很容易的。故选D。
98．句意：电话热线为人们提供了一个与顾问交谈的好方式。
way 方式；habit 习惯；dream 梦想；time 时间。“a good way of doing sth”表示“做某事的好方式”，符合“通过热线和顾问交谈”的语境。故选A。
99．句意：也就是说，打电话的人不必告诉他们的名字或其他信息。
make使；help帮助；have有；start开始。根据前文“Most hotlines don’t need your name or other information”可知，打电话的人“不必”提供这些信息，don’t have to表示“不必”。故选C。
100．句意：有些热线是免费的，所以打电话的人不必为建议或通话付费。
expensive昂贵的；free免费的；busy忙碌的；cheap便宜的。根据后文“callers don’t have to pay”可知，热线是“免费的”。故选B。
101．句意：有些热线选择志愿者作为顾问。
stop停止；meet遇见；bring带来；choose选择。choose...as...表示“选择……作为……”，符合“热线选志愿者当顾问”的语境。故选D。
102．句意：其他热线为顾问的工作付费。
Other其他的（后接名词复数）；Others其他（后不接名词）；Another另一个（后接名词单数）；The others其余的（表特指）。空后“hot-lines”是名词复数，且此处表泛指“其他的热线”。故选A。
103．句意：顾问通常是有多年教育背景和经验的人。
plan计划；information信息；experience经验；difference差异。根据“The advisers are usually the people with years of education and”可知，热线顾问需要具备教育背景和经验才能提供帮助。故选C。
104．句意：他们在开始工作前必须参加培训课程。
catch抓住；work工作；study学习；open打开。根据“They have to take classes before starting to”可知，此处指顾问在开始工作前接受培训。故选B。
105．句意：他们的工作是倾听来电，并帮助他们解决问题。
make制作；forget忘记；remember记得；solve解决。根据前文“when people had problems”可知，顾问的职责是帮助来电者解决问题。故选D。
106．B 107．C 108．A 109．C 110．B 111．C 112．B 113．A 114．C 115．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了计算机的发展进程及其不同阶段的应用。
106．句意：它们通常有一个房间那么大。
colour颜色；size尺寸；height高度；sound声音。根据“of a room”可知，此处指电脑的尺寸。故选B。
107．句意：它们通常被编程去做数学题。
never从不；hardly几乎不；usually通常；seldom很少。根据下文介绍可知，此处表示肯定，说明计算机经常被用来解决数学问题，因此usually符合语境。故选C。
108．句意：它们对企业非常重要，因为它们可以一次又一次地解决非常困难的问题，而不会出错。
because因为；if如果；when当……时候；after在……以后。根据“they could work out very difficult problems again and again”可知，前后句意是因果关系，because符合前后语境。故选A。
109．句意：在20世纪70年代，有更小的电脑。
longer更长；heavier更重；smaller更小；larger更大。根据前文介绍计算机和房间一样大，随着发展，计算机应该越来越小。故选C。
110．句意：电脑没有鼠标，但键盘用来告诉电脑该做什么。
teach教；tell告诉；help帮助；show展示。根据“the computer what to do”可知，此处指告诉电脑做什么。故选B。
111．句意：20世纪80年代，当第一款电脑游戏问世时，人们可以把电脑用于娱乐和工作。
one一；two二；first第一；second第二。the后接序数词表示顺序，排除A和B选项。根据“When the...computer games were sold in the 1980s”可知，此处指第一款电脑游戏问世了，故选C。
112．句意：20世纪80年代，当第一款电脑游戏问世时，人们可以把电脑用于娱乐和工作。
health健康；fun乐趣；money钱；safety安全。根据“the first computer games”可知，人们可以玩电脑游戏，此处指娱乐。故选B。
113．句意：在 20 世纪 80 年代和 90 年代，带扬声器和彩色屏幕的电脑开始销售，人们可以玩更刺激的游戏。
games游戏；songs歌曲；sports运动；balls球。根据“speakers and color screens”可知，此处指电脑游戏。故选A。
114．句意：20世纪90年代，通信领域发生了一场革命。
took after与……相像；took off起飞；took place发生；took out取出。根据“a revolution (大变革) in communication”可知，此处指电脑时代发生了大的革命。故选C。
115．句意：人们可以使用电脑与家人和朋友交谈，企业可以快速轻松地在世界各地销售产品。
quickly快速地；slowly缓慢地；happily快乐地；carefully小心地。根据前文及“could sell products all over the world ... and easily.”可知，电脑革命后，企业可以快速轻松地在全世界销售商品。故选A。
116．B 117．A 118．D 119．C 120．A 121．B 122．C 123．C 124．B 125．A
【导语】本文讲述Alvaro因父亲被误诊而开发AI医疗应用的故事，强调技术对医疗的辅助作用。
116．句意：多亏了阿尔瓦罗那位身为心脏专家的姐姐，他的父亲才得到了恰当的治疗。
wrong错误的；right正确的，恰当的；uneasy不安的；unexpected意外的。根据“Thanks to Alvaro’s sister, who is a heart expert, his father got the...treatment (治疗).”可知，多亏了那位心脏专家，父亲才得到了恰当的治疗。故选B。
117．句意：这启发了阿尔瓦罗去了解医疗领域为何会出现误诊，以及该如何解决它。
solve解决；doubt怀疑；describe描述；follow跟随。根据“This inspired (鼓舞) Alvaro to learn about why misdiagnosis happens in healthcare and how to...it.”可知，“误诊”是很大的问题，需要去解决它。故选A。
118．句意：他和他的团队开发了一款名为PrescrAIbe的应用程序。
listened听；downloaded下载；discovered发现；created创造。根据“He and his team...an app called PrescrAIbe. co.”可知，此处指开发（创造）一款应用。故选D。
119．句意：这款应用程序能根据患者的病史预测病情并推荐治疗方案，从而帮助医生做出更准确的决策。
trouble困境；communities社区；decisions决策，决定；effort努力。根据“This app helps doctors make better...by predicting conditions and suggesting treatments according to a patient’s medical history.”可知，这款应用程序有助于医生做出更好的决策。故选C。
120．句意：在就读哈佛大学之前，阿尔瓦罗曾在当地一家社区诊所做志愿者。
volunteered义务做，无偿做；dreamed做梦；founded建造；divided分开。根据“Alvaro...at a local community clinic (诊所)”可知，在社区诊所做志愿者。故选A。
121．句意：这让阿尔瓦罗觉得医生真的需要一个工具来帮助他们。
educated教育；needed需要；expressed表达；entered进入。根据上文“doctors were always very busy and sometimes they didn’t have enough time to carefully check the patients’ problems”可知，医生们一直很忙，有时他们没有足够的时间去认真检查患者的病症，因此医生们真的需要一个工具来帮助他们。故选B。
122．句意：阿尔瓦罗开发的这款应用程序正由医疗健康领域的专家进行测试和评估，以确保其安全有效后，再进行广泛推广使用。
show up出现；put on穿上；make sure确保；think about考虑。根据“Alvaro’s app is being tested and reviewed by healthcare experts to...it’s safe and helpful before using it widely.”可知，测试和评估的目的是“确保安全”。故选C。
123．句意：此外，他还了解到为了保护患者与医生，要对人工智能技术加以管控的重要性。
fire火；pressure压力；control控制；repair修理。根据“the importance of keeping AI technology under...to protect patients and doctors”可知，为了保护患者与医生，要使人工智能技术保持在受控制的状态。故选C。
124．句意：阿尔瓦罗的目标是利用人工智能改善医疗保健服务，并为医生的工作提供支持。
challenge挑战；improve改善，提升；understand理解；protect保护。根据“This app helps doctors make better...by predicting conditions and suggesting treatments according to a patient’s medical history.”和“He saw doctors were always very busy and sometimes they didn’t have enough time to carefully check the patients’ problems. This made Alvaro think that doctors really...a tool to help them.”可知，目标是“改善医疗保健服务”。故选B。
125．句意：他在哈佛大学的经历让他认识到负责任地运用技术的价值。
value价值；interest兴趣；safety安全；problem问题。结合下文“He believes that even small changes can make a big difference...”可知，此处强调负责任地运用技术的“价值”。故选A。
126．A 127．C 128．D 129．B 130．B 131．A 132．D 133．C 134．C 135．B
【导语】本文主要讲述了数字化技术给农村生活带来的便利。
126．句意：在数字技术的帮助下，村民们过着更轻松、更幸福的生活。
villagers村民们；tourists游客们；businessmen商人们；fishermen渔民们。根据“Villages in China have enjoyed their development in a digital way in recent years.”可知，此处是指村民们。故选A。
127．句意：在过去，务农并非易事。
Designing设计；Building建造；Farming务农；Repairing修理。根据“Farmers worked hard all year round.”可知，此处是指务农、种田，故选C。
128．句意：与此同时，他们通常发现很难解决植物病害和害虫等问题。
grass草；pet宠物；animal动物；plant植物。根据“These machines help local farmers know when and ... to fertilize and kill pests.”可知，此处是指植物疾病。故选D。
129．句意：例如，在四川省大邑县，有13个配备人工智能机器的数字农场。
models模型；machines机器；tools工具；cameras相机。根据“These machines help local farmers know when and ... to fertilize and kill pests.”可知，此处是指机器。故选B。
130．句意：这些机器帮助当地农民知道何时以及如何施肥和杀死害虫。
who谁；how如何；what什么；where哪里。根据“to fertilize and kill pests”可知，应用how，和前面的when并列，表示何时以及如何施肥和杀死害虫。故选B。
131．句意：多亏了互联网，一种名为农村电子商务的新业务得以发展。
business业务；company公司；community社区；culture文化。根据“called rural e-commerce”和选项可知，此处是指业务。故选A。
132．句意：在过去，城市里的人们很难知道村民种了什么。
hills山；villages村庄；provinces省；cities城市。根据“ Selling fresh fruit and vegetables to cities is faster.”和选项可知，此处是指城市里的人们。故选D。
133．句意：现在，他们可以通过手

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