Unit 1 Happy Holiday知识梳理译林版(2024)八年级英语上册

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Unit 1 Happy Holiday知识梳理译林版(2024)八年级英语上册

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Unit1 Friendship 友谊
Welcome to the unit
一、表达品质(qualities)的形容词
1.Helpful:乐于助人的;有帮助的 2. Honest:诚实的;正直的(an honest boy)
3.Cheerful:快乐的;愉快的 4. Humorous:幽默的;风趣的
5. Caring:关心他人的;体贴的 6. Hardworking:勤奋的;努力的
7. Polite:有礼貌的;客气的 8. Smart:机敏的(也可形容人衣着整洁时髦)
9. Tidy:整洁的;有条理的(可形容环境或人)10. Clever:聪明的;灵巧的(侧重解决问题的机敏)
11. Friendly:友好的;亲切的 12. Interesting:有趣的(多形容事物或人具备吸引人的特质)
二、短语句子表达:
1. Friendships enrich our lives —— 友谊丰富我们的生活
2. teenagers’ best friends —— 青少年们的最好的朋友
(teenage 青少年的 adj)(teenager 青少年 n.) (Teenagers magazine 青少年杂志)
3. We can better understand how important friends are. —— 我们能更好理解朋友是多么重要.(宾语从句)
4. Friendship is an important part of lives. — 友谊是生活中重要的一部分(同义表达:play an important part in //play an important role in— 在……中扮演重要角色;对……起重要作用//be of great importance--有重要性)
5. how to get along (well)with them—— 如何与他们相处
6. make friends with somebody —— 和某人交朋友
7. Tell the truth. —— 说实话;讲真话==To be honest
8. Be kind and care about you. —— 善良且关心你。
9. Be good at telling jokes to make you laugh. —— 擅长讲笑话逗你开心。
10. Stand by your side when you need support. —— 在你需要支持时,陪在你身边。
11. What makes good friends —— 什么造就好朋友?(好朋友应具备哪些特质?)(特殊疑问句,注意标点)
12. What makes your friend so special —— 是什么让你的朋友如此特别?(特殊疑问句,注意标点)
13.What do you think makes good friends (do you think 是插入语,用于询问观点)
你们认为什么样的人是好朋友呢?
用于询问观点的其他句型:
What is your thought on... What is your opinion on... What do you think of ...
What is...like How do you like ... How do you feel about...
14. I think good friends should be kind and caring.我认为好朋友应该善良并关心他人。(宾语从句)
15.They don't lie to you, so you can trust them. 他们不会对你撒谎,所以你可以信任他们。
16.You like to spend time with them because they make you happy.你喜欢和他们在一起,因为他们让你快乐。
17.They support you when you are unhappy.当你不开心时,他们会支持你。(happy-unhappy-happiness-happily)
18.And they can help you become a better person. 他们可以帮助你成为一个更好的人。
19.Thank you for sharing your thoughts, class.同学们,谢谢你们分享自己的想法。(thought 想法 n. 可数)
20.表达赞同观点:
That’s true. 那确实如此。(注意tr) That's very important.这非常重要。 I agree.我同意。
I couldn’t agree more. 我非常赞同。 I feel the same way. 我也有同感。 I think so too 我也一样。
表达不赞同观点:
I see what you mean,but —— 我明白你的意思,但是...。
That's an interesting view ,but—— 这是个很有意思的观点,但是...。
I don't think so —— 但我不这么认为。
I'm afraid I can't agree —— 恐怕我不能同意(此表达比直接说“I disagree”更委婉礼貌)。
Reading My best friend
一、表达品质(qualities)的形容词 (文中及拓展)
Trustworthy:值得信赖的 2. Energetic:精力充沛的 3. Humorous:幽默的 4. Cheerful:快乐的;
Easy-going:随和的;好相处的6. Generous:慷慨的 7. Optimistic:乐观的 8. Adaptable:适应性强的
Imaginative:富有想象力的 10. Organized:有条理的11. Diligent:勤奋的 12. Reliable:可信赖的
13. Brave:勇敢的 14. Creative:有创造力的 15. Talented:有才能的 16.Responsible:有责任心的17.Open-minded:思想开明的18. Warm-hearted:心肠好的 19.sensitive 敏感的 20.naughty:淘气的
二、描述外貌的短语和句子(looks)
1. Is a slim girl with big bright eyes. 是一个有着一双大而明亮的眼睛的苗条的女孩
(with 表示伴随有,句子中有谓语动词is,后面就用with伴随,而非have)
2.Her hair is longer than mine, and she usually wears it in a ponytail. (mine = my hair --同类比较)
她的头发比我的头发长,她通常把它扎成马尾辫。 (wears the hair in a ponytail.扎成马尾辫)
3.the tallest boy in our class—almost 1.8 metres tall. 我们班最高的男孩,身高接近一米八 (the +adj最高级)
4.He wears small round glasses.他戴着小圆眼镜。 (wear a smile/ a mask)
5.They make him look a little bit funny.它们让他看起来有点搞笑。 ( a little bit=a little)
三、描述品质(qualities)和处事方式(way of doing things)的短语和句子
1. Kind and helpful, Betty is ready to help anyone any time. 贝蒂友好且乐于助人,她愿意随时帮助任何人。
(Kind and helpful,说明性状语,也可放在主语后面 anytime=any time 前无介词)
2.She always gives up her seat on the bus to someone in need.在公交车上,她总是把座位让给有需要的人。
(sit-sat-sat --seat,seats是可数名词, give up sth to sb 把...让给谁 on the bus/train//in a car)
3 .and she often helps us with our schoolwork. 她还经常帮我们辅导功课。
4. When something worries me, I always go to her.当有什么事情困扰我,我总是去找她。
(worry-worrying-worried--worries 人+worry about/ be worried about sth 担心 sth worries sb 困扰)
5 .She listens to me carefully and understands me quite well.她认真听我说,而且非常理解我。
( listen to sb carefully adv understand-understood-understood 理解)
6.She knows how to cheer me up when I am feeling down.在我情绪低落时,她知道如何让我振作起来。
(cheer sb up 使某人振作起来 cheer --cheerful--cheerfully a cheerful person.一个性格开朗的人 )
the most wonderful friend in my life.我一生中最好的朋友。(the+most+多音节adj=形容词最高级)
Max has a great sense of humour.马克斯很有幽默感。
(have a great sense of humour/direction/pride/safety have a sense of+名词 )
He often tells jokes and makes us laugh.他经常讲笑话,让我们忍俊不禁。
(tell lies/ jokes/ stories/ the truth tell-told-told laugh at sb a lot of laughter 名词笑声)
You will never feel bored with him around.有他在身边,你永远不会觉得无聊。(bored 修饰人)
(with him around 是with的复合结构,在句中表伴随,结构为: with +宾语+宾语补足语)
11.He stays active by doing sport and other club activities and never seems to get tired.
他通过运动和参加其他社团活动保持精力充沛,几乎从来不会感到疲倦。(active adj 积极的)
12.Sometimes I feel like giving up on difficult tasks, but he always encourages me to keep trying.
有时我想放弃困难的任务,但他总是鼓励我继续尝试。
( feel like doing sth 想要做某事 give up on sth 放弃 encourage sb to do sth/ sb not to do )
14.That means a lot to me. 这对我来说意义非凡。(That matters a lot)
15.I believe we will be best friends for life.我相信我们会成为一生的好朋友。(宾语从句)
16. face difficult tasks 面对艰难的任务 17.she's great at keeping secrets.她擅长保守秘密。
18.描述looks的其他常用表达:
My friend is of medium height/of medium build.(我的朋友中等身高。)
She has a round face and dimples.(她圆脸,还有酒窝。)
He always keeps his hair neat.(他总是把头发打理得很整齐。)
Grammar
形容词比较级和最高级是中考语法核心考点,核心围绕“两者比较”和“三者及以上最……”展开。
一、3类形容词的变化规则
1. 规则变化单。
单音节形容词+ -er / -est tall-- taller(比)- tallest (最)
(以e结尾)单音节词形容词+ -r / -st nice-- nicer(比)-- nicest (最)
(辅元辅结尾)单音节形容-----要双写尾字母+-er / -est big-- bigger(比)-- biggest(最)
(以“辅音+y”结尾)双音节形容词词--- 变y为i+-er / -est easy-- easier(比)-- easiest(最)
(最双音节/多音节词) more / most+多音节形容词 beautiful--more beautiful(比)-most beautiful (最)
2.不规则变化:
good / well-- better-- best bad / badly --worse-- worst
many / much-- more-- most little-- less-- least few --fewer-- fewest 少的(修饰可数名词复数)
Far-- farther-- farthest(距离远) Far-- further-- furthest(程度深远的)
old --older--oldest (年龄/新旧) old--elder-- eldest (辈分长)
绝对形容词无比较级(本身表“极致”):perfect(完美的)、empty(空的)、final(最终的)
二、核心用法:
形容词比较级:两者之间的比较。
1.基础句型:A + be + 比较级 + than + B(A比B更……)
例:This book is more interesting than that one.(这本书比那本更有趣。)
Her hair is taller than mine (同类比较,物物比用名词性物主代词)
2.比较级 + and + 比较级(越来越……)
例:The weather is getting warmer and warmer.(天气越来越暖和。)
3.the + 比较级, the + 比较级(越……,就越……)(在这个固定结构中,比较级前加the表强调)
例:The harder you study, the better grades you’ll get.(你越努力,成绩就越好。)
4.修饰比较级标志词(可用 much, a lot, a little, even 等,不能用 very)
例:He is much taller than me.(他比我高得多。)→ 错:very taller.
He has much more interesting books than mine.(他比我有更多有趣的书)
形容词最高级:三者及以上的比较(最高级)
1.基础句型:A + be + the + 最高级 + (of/in短语) (A在……中是最……的,among/of接人/物,in接范围)
例:She is the most popular student in our class.(她是我们班最受欢迎的学生。)
2.one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词(最……之一)
例:Beijing is one of the biggest cities in China.(北京是中国最大的城市之一。)
3.the + 序数词 + 最高级(第几最……的)
例:This is the second longest river in Asia.(这是亚洲第二长的河流。)
4.比较级表最高级(隐含范围,中考易错)
结构:比较级 + than + any other + 单数名词(比其他任何一个都…… → 即“最……”)
例:Shanghai is bigger than any other city in China.(上海比中国其他任何城市都大//上海是中国最大的城市)
5.注意 :若比较对象不在同一范围,去掉 other:
例:Shanghai is bigger than any city in Japan.(上海比日本任何城市都大。)
6.同级比较(和比较级/最高级并列考)----as+adj原型+as
肯定:A + be + as + 原级 + as + B(A和B一样……)
例:He is as tall as his father.(他和他爸爸一样高。)
否定:A + be + not + as/so + 原级 + as + B(A不如B……)
例:This movie is not as interesting as that one.(这部电影不如那部有趣。)
三、短语句子表达(同类比较,最高级前面加上the)
1. Betty's hair is longer than mine. 贝蒂的头发比我的长。(同类比较)
2. Max is more interesting than his classmates. 麦克斯比他的同学们更风趣。
3. Betty is the most helpful person in our class. 贝蒂是我们班最乐于助人的人。
4. Simon is the heaviest of the six students. 西蒙是这六个学生中体重最重的。
5. Peter's drawing grade is lower than Millie's. 彼得的绘画成绩比米莉的低。
6. Among the six students, Millie is the slowest swimmer.在这六个学生当中,米莉是游泳速度最慢的。
7.Simon's test score for the standing long jump is the best of the six students.
西蒙的立定跳远测试成绩是六个学生中最好的。
四、常考的比较/最高级变形
great → greater → greatest short → shorter → shortest kind → kinder → kindest
clean→cleaner→ cleanest
cute → cuter → cutest nice → nicer → nicest able → abler → ablest
late → later → latest fine →finer→ finest close→ closer→ closest
dry →drier →driest shy →shier →shiest easy → easier → easiest
busy → busier → busiest tidy → tidier → tidiest happy → happier → happiest
heavy → heavier → heaviest funny → funnier → funniest pretty → prettier → prettiest
healthy → healthier → healthiest friendly- friendlier- friendliest
sad → sadder → saddest big → bigger → biggest fat → fatter → fattest
wet →wetter →wettest hot → hotter → hottest thin → thinner → thinnest
slim → slimmer → slimmest
Word power
一、名词+ful/less构成形容词
ful结尾的形容词(with) Less 结尾的形容词(without)
helpful thoughtful peaceful helpless thoughtless Fruitless 无结果的
beautiful colourful meaningful useless meaningless sleepless
successful playful forgetful Harmless 无害的 Restless 静不下来的 Priceless 无价的
cheerful careful hopeful careless hopeless Worthless 毫无价值的
wonderful useful Skilful 有技术的 endless Tasteless 无味的 Tireless 不知疲倦的
thankful Harmful 有伤害的 powerful Fearless 无畏的 Breathless 喘不上气的 Cloudless 无云的
Faithful 有信念的
二、短语句子表达
A cheerful person 一个乐观的人
look on the bright side of things 看到事情好的一面
Have a sleepless night 度过一个不眠之夜
Be worried about 担心…… / 为……担忧。
Feel(felt)helpless 感到无助。
A wonderful day with a cloudless blue sky 晴朗无云的美好一天。
It's kind enough to give me many useful tips.你真好,给了我这么多实用的建议。
“It's + 形容词 + enough + to do sth”是常用句式,表“足够……去做某事”;
Be hopeless at something.在某件事上毫无希望 / 对某事一窍不通。
A boy's balloon got caught in a tree.一个男孩的气球被卡在树上了。
“got caught”是被动语态,表“被卡住、被缠住”,“in a tree”特指“在树上”(外来物停留在树上,如气球、鸟等),若描述树本身的东西(如叶子、果实)则用“on a tree”。
Integration A-B
一、短语句子表达
They were very scared. 他们非常害怕。
scared--adj scared主语是人//scaring修饰物
be/feel scared of+名词 be/feel scared to do//that从句
Suddenly, they saw a bear coming towards them. 突然,他们看到一只熊朝他们走来。
Sudden形--Suddenly副 用法:see sb doing sth
One of the friends quickly climbed up a tree.The other tried too, but he failed.
(one...the other...仅用于两者或两部分, fail to do sth failure名词,失败)
其中一个朋友迅速爬上了树。另一个也想爬上去,但他失败了。
He knew he couldn't fight the bear alone, so he lay down on the ground.
他知道自己无法独自与熊搏斗,于是躺在了地上。(fight-fought-fought lie-lay-lain-lying)
He thought, “The bear will leave me alone if it thinks I'm dead.”
他心想:“要是熊以为我死了,它就会放过我。”
(die-died-died dead adj 死亡的 dying adj. 垂死挣扎的 death n. 死亡)
The bear came close to the friend on the ground and smelt his head, but it didn't attack.
熊靠近地上的朋友,闻了闻他的头,但没有攻击。
(come/get close to sth靠近... attack 动名一体))
When the bear was gone, the other friend came down from the tree.
当熊走后,另外一位朋友从树上下来。
(gone adj 消失的,不见的,疲惫的 go+doing//adj(消) have a go--试一试)
“It looked like the bear said something to you,” he said.
他说:“看起来那只熊对你说了些什么。”
(say sth to sb say -said-said look like+句子)
“It said a true friend should not leave you in times of danger.”“
它说真正的朋友在危难时刻不应离开你”。
(宾语从句 in times of+名词或名词短语 在...时候)
二、建立友谊的方式表达。
1.Join a club. 加入一个俱乐部。
2.Be brave and talk to others. 勇敢一点,和别人交流。
3.Be nice to others. —— 对别人友善些。
4.Smile at others. —— 对别人微笑。
5. Ask a friend to introduce you to others. —— 让朋友把你介绍给其他人。
拓展:
6.Offer help when you notice someone is in trouble 看到别人有困难时主动帮忙
7.Share your own small experiences or feelings to build trust gradually.
分享自己的小经历或感受,逐步建立信任。
Respect others’ boundaries and don’t push them to share private things.
尊重别人的边界,不强迫对方透露私事。
10. Celebrate their small achievements, like saying “Congrats on passing the exam!”
为对方的小成就庆祝,比如说“恭喜通过考试!”
三、维持友谊的方式:
How to get along with friends 如何与朋友相处?
Be a good listener. 做一个好的倾听者
Be a cheerful person 做一个乐观开朗的人
书本句子短语其他表达:
Body language can also help.肢体语言也会有所帮助。
Try to look at your friends.试着看着你的朋友。
Nod from time to time.时不时点点头。(nod--nodding--nodded)
share funny stories and happy experiences with friends
和朋友分享有趣的故事与快乐的经历
care about your friends' feelings.关心朋友的感受。
A life without friends can be very lonely. 没有朋友的生活可能会非常孤独。(lonely 内心孤独)
Building strong and healthy friendships is not easy.建立牢固且健康的友谊并不容易。
One of the best ways of making friends is to join a club. 交朋友最好的方法之一是加入俱乐部。
固定结构“one of the + 形容词最高级 + 名词复数”表示“……中最……之一”,
Give you a chance to meet people with the same interests as you.给你机会认识和你有相同兴趣的人。
“with the same interests as you”(和你有相同兴趣的)作后置定语,修饰“people”。
Another way is to talk to someone new. 另一种方法是和陌生人交谈。(is to be/do--是要去...)
You need to be brave to talk to others. 你需要勇敢地和别人交谈。
There are some easy ways to make sure your friendship lasts.有一些简单的方法能确保你的友谊长久/持续。
Don't forget to be cheerful and care about your friends' feelings. 别忘了保持开朗,并关心朋友的感受。
Cheer each other up during bad times.在困难时期互相打气 “bad times”(困难时期)指生活中不顺的阶段。
拓展:维持友谊的其他讨论
Check in regularly, even with a quick “How are you ” message.
(定期问候,哪怕是一条简短的“最近过得怎么样?”消息。)
Remember important details about their life, like their pet’s name or a upcoming exam.
(记住他们生活中的重要细节,比如宠物的名字或即将到来的考试。)
Keep your promises –信守承诺
Respect their choices even when you disagree,(即使意见不同,也要尊重他们的选择
Apologize sincerely if you make a mistake如果犯错了就真诚道歉
Don’t hold grudges – talk through misunderstandings calmly instead of letting them grow.
(别记仇,有误会就冷静沟通,而不是让矛盾积累。)
听力中短语句子表达
1.What do you think is the best way to make friends 你认为交朋友最好的方式是什么?
2.I think one of the best ways to make friends is to join a club.我认为交朋友最好的方式之一是加入俱乐部。
3.But it takes time to make friends.但交朋友需要花费时间。
固定句型“it takes time to do sth”(做某事需要时间)
4. You can ask a friend to introduce you to someone else.你可以让朋友把你介绍给其他人。
“ask sb to do sth”(让某人做某事)和“introduce sb to sb else”(把某人介绍给其他人)
5.Sit next to someone and start a cheerful chat with them.坐在某人旁边,然后和他们开启一段愉快的聊天。
6.When you are with friends, focus on the good things in life和朋友在一起时,多关注生活中的美好事物。
“focus on”(关注、专注于)是核心短语,
7.Friendships are a treasure in our life.友谊是我们生命中的一笔财富。
8.How to keep their friendships strong and healthy 如何让他们的友谊保持牢固且健康?
Integration C-D
一、短语句子表达
关于拥有朋友多少的讨论(融入比较级的表达)
1.Which do you think is better, having lots of friends or just a few
你认为有很多朋友好还是只有几个朋友好?(do you think 插入语,better对应A or B的比较)
2.I think the more friends you have, the better. 我认为朋友越多越好。
(the + 比较级, the + 比较级 越……,就越……)
3.I think it's more important to have a few really good friends. (more important比较级结构)
真的吗?我认为有几个真正的好朋友更重要。
4.But with lots of friends, you can play team games together like football or basketball.
但是有很多朋友,你就可以一起玩团队运动,比如足球或篮球。
5.But with just a few friends, you can get to know each other better and have more time and energy to support each other. 但是有几个朋友,你们就可以更好地了解彼此,并有更多的时间和精力互相支持。
6.Maybe you have a point. 也许你说得有道理
7.I met her at a dance club five years ago. 五年前我在一家舞蹈俱乐部与她相识。(meet--met--met)
8.I like her bright smiling eyes. 我喜欢她明亮而微笑的眼睛。(smiling adj 微笑的)
9.make her look pretty and kind.让她看起来既漂亮又善良。(make sb +v原)
10.helpful and patient.乐于助人,又很有耐心。 caring and thoughtful.体贴又周到。
11.Sometimes I cannot do well in our dance class, and she is always kind to give me help.
有时我在舞蹈课上表现不好,她总是很友善地帮助我。
12.I often tell her when something worries me, and she always tries to help and keeps it secret.
我经常跟她说一些让我烦恼的事情,她总是尽力帮忙,并保守秘密。(keep it secret=keep sth +adj)
13.She likes to look on the bright side.她喜欢积极地看问题。 (look on the bright side 看积极一面)
14.Every time I feel down, she will cheer me up and make me feel better.(feel down/sad 失落)
每当我情绪低落时,她都会鼓励我,让我感觉好很多。
15.I think Joan is great, and I hope we will be best friends forever! (宾语从句)
我认为琼很棒,我希望我们永远是最好的朋友!
关于友谊的名句
A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难见真交。
Between friends all is common.朋友之间不分彼此。
A good book is the best of friends, the same today and forever.好书如挚友,情谊永不渝。
Old friends and old wine are best.陈酒味醇,老友情深。
A life without a friend is a life without a sun.人生在世无朋友,犹如生活无太阳。
Be slow in choosing a friend; slower in changing.选择朋友要审慎,摒弃更要审又慎。
A bosom friend afar brings a distant land near.海内存知己,天涯若比邻。
Friendship is like a plant of slow growth.友谊像生长着的植物,是慢慢地建立起来的。
A man knows his companion in a long journey and a little inn.路遥知马力,日久见人心。
Of our mixed life two quests are given control: food for the body, friendship for the soul.在复杂的生命中,有两点要牢记:为生存需要吃饭,而心灵需要友谊。
单元作文例文:
My best friend,
My best friend is Shirley. I first met her two years ago when we worked together on a school art project.
Shirley is taller but lighter than me. She is a lovely girl with a long ponytail. She has the brightest smile I have ever seen. It makes her look pretty.
Shirley is helpful and patient. When I have difficulty with my school work, she is patient enough to explain the problem to me until I fully understand it.Shirley is also creative. In our school projects, she always comes up with new and interesting ideas. Every time I run out of ideas, I go to her and she often helps me look at things from different angels. What makes Shirley truly special is that she cares a lot about me. When I am down, she is always the first to notice and cheer me up. She listens to me and understands me well.
I'm so lucky to have a Shirley as my best friend. I hope our friendship lasts forever.
我的挚友叫雪莉。我们初次相识是在两年前,当时我们一起参与学校的艺术项目。雪莉个子比我高,但体重比我轻。她是个扎着长马尾的可爱女孩,有着我见过最灿烂的笑容——那笑容让她看上去格外动人。雪莉为人热心又有耐心。每当我功课遇到难题,她总会耐心地为我讲解,直到我完全弄懂为止。她还极具创造力,在学校的项目里,她总能想出新颖有趣的点子。每次我思路枯竭时,都会去找她,而她总能帮我从不同角度看待问题。雪莉真正特别的地方,在于她特别懂我。每当我情绪低落,她总是第一个察觉,并想方设法让我振作起来。她会认真听我倾诉,也总能理解我的心情。能有雪莉这样的挚友,我感到无比幸运。愿我们的友谊天长地久。

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