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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2025-2026学年高二英语上学期期中模拟卷02（北京专用）
解析
（考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分）
考生注意：
1．答题前，请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔分别填写在试题卷和答题纸规定的位置上。
2. 答题时，请按照答题纸上“注意事项”的要求，在答题纸相应的位置上规范作答，在本试题卷上的作答一律无效。
3．难度系数：0.65。
4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节 (共10小题;每小题 1. 5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
When I picked up my son from preschool one recent summer afternoon, he looked dirty from head to toe. He told me how he and his classmates played in the nearby forest. It was a hot day, so they took off their 1 to dip (把……伸入) their toes in the river. He excitedly described to me the 2 feeling of the cool river water.
This isn’t a typical (典型的) preschool; it’s a forest school. A large part of my son’s school day takes place across 1,000 square metres of forest and wetlands.
Today’s kids are under a lot of stress. It is believed that the path to a “good” college 3 as early as preschool. Even four-year-olds are required to read and memorize new words every day. Children are spending less and less time outdoors. This trend has caused many 4 , such as an increase in obesity (肥胖) among children.
More and more parents have realized the importance of 5 play. The past few years have seen an increasing interest in forest schools. The number of forest schools in the U.S. has 6 from 20 in 2008 to 250. 7 children in traditional schools, forest school kids spend their day investigating ant hills, jumping in mud or even climbing tall trees. There are no direct instructions.
Are forest schools really better for today’s children than traditional preschools The answer largely depends on 8 you ask. Personally, I am in favour of forest schools. My son has been more active since he started to attend. He has learned how to deal with small dangers. Most 9 , my son looks forward to going to school every day.
Do you spend most of your time studying indoors Remember to throw yourself into the arms of 10 from time to time!
1．A．hats B．shirts C．shoes D．sunglasses
2．A．frightening B．similar C．warm D．wonderful
3．A．begins B．covers C．divides D．disappears
4．A．accidents B．fights C．problems D．uncertainties
5．A．competitive B．friendly C．online D．outdoor
6．A．doubled B．dropped C．grown D．varied
7．A．Among B．Like C．Unlike D．Without
8．A．how B．when C．who D．why
9．A．directly B．importantly C．likely D．terribly
10．A．classmates B．family C．nature D．strangers
【答案】
1．C 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．D 6．C 7．C 8．C 9．B 10．C
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。主要讲述了作者儿子所在的森林幼儿园的情况，这种别具特色的森林学校，在如今孩子学业压力大、户外活动时间减少的背景下，应运而生。它打破了传统的教育模式，为孩子们带来全新的学习体验，表达了作者对森林学校的支持，并呼吁人们多亲近自然。
1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：天气很热，所以他们脱下鞋子，把脚趾浸入河里。A. hats帽子；B. shirts衬衫；C. shoes鞋子；D. sunglasses太阳镜。根据下文的“to dip (把……伸入) their toes in the river”和常识可知，把脚趾伸入河中，需要先脱掉“鞋子”。故选C项。
2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他兴奋地向我描述清凉河水带来的美妙感觉。A. frightening令人害怕的；B. similar相似的；C. warm温暖的；D. wonderful美妙的，极好的。根据上文的“He excitedly described to me”可知，儿子很兴奋地描述，所以河水给他的感觉应是“美妙的”。故选D项。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：人们认为，通往“好”大学的道路早在幼儿园就开始了。A. begins开始；B. covers覆盖；C. divides分开；D. disappears消失。根据下文的“as early as preschool”可知，此处表示通往“好”大学的道路从幼儿园“开始”。故选A项。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这一趋势造成了很多问题，比如儿童肥胖率的上升。A. accidents事故；B. fights打架；C. problems问题；D. uncertainties不确定。根据下文的“such as an increase in obesity (肥胖) among children”可知，儿童肥胖率的上升是一种负面结果，属于“问题”的范畴。故选C项。
5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：越来越多的家长已经意识到户外玩耍的重要性。A. competitive有竞争力的；B. friendly友好的；C. online在线的；D. outdoor户外的。根据上文的“Children are spending less and less time outdoors.”以及下文的“The past few years have seen an increasing interest in forest schools.”可知，孩子们户外活动时间减少，森林学校受到越来越多的关注，所以此处指的是家长意识到“户外”玩耍的重要性。故选D项。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：美国的森林学校数量从2008年的20所增长到了250所。A. doubled加倍；B. dropped下降；C. grown增加，增长；D. varied变化。根据下文的“from 20 in 2008 to 250”可知，森林学校的数量大幅“增加，增长”。故选C项。
7．考查介词词义辨析。句意：与传统学校的孩子不同，森林学校的孩子整天都在研究蚁丘、跳泥坑，甚至爬大树。A. Among在……中；B. Like像；C. Unlike不像；D. Without没有。根据上文的“Even four-year-olds are required to read and memorize new words every day. Children are spending less and less time outdoors.”和下文的“forest school kids spend their day investigating ant hills, jumping in mud or even climbing tall trees”可知，此处是在将森林学校与传统学校进行对比，指的是森林学校的孩子与传统学校的孩子“不同”。故选C项。
8．考查连接词词义辨析。句意：答案很大程度上取决于你问谁。A. how如何；B. when何时；C. who谁；D. why为什么。根据上文的问题“Are forest schools really better for today’s children than traditional preschools ”以及下文的回答“Personally, I am in favour of forest schools.”可知，作者个人支持森林学校，但不同的人可能有不同的答案，这取决于问“谁”。故选C项。
9．考查副词词义辨析。句意：最重要的是，我儿子每天都盼着上学。A. directly直接地；B. importantly重要地；C. likely可能地；D. terribly可怕地。根据上文的“My son has been more active since he started to attend. He has learned how to deal with small dangers.”和下文的“my son looks forward to going to school every day”可知，作者的儿子自从上了森林学校后更活跃了，学会了如何处理小危险，而“每天都盼着上学”是更核心的结果，所以此处指的是“最重要的是”。故选B项。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：记得时不时地投入大自然的怀抱！A. classmates同学；B. family家庭；C. nature自然；D. strangers陌生人。根据上文的“Do you spend most of your time studying indoors ”以及上文提到的森林学校可知，此处作者是在建议不要把大部分时间花在室内学习上，要投入“大自然”的怀抱。故选C项。
第二节 (共10小题;每小题1. 5分，共15分)
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
Many are familiar with the potentially deadly danger caused by lightning, which is blamed for 11 average of 43 deaths in the United States each year, based on data from 1989 to 2018. However, the researchers recently uncovered a surprising and 12 (benefit) impact of lightning.
13 (publish) at the end of April in Science, the new study found that lightning may play a bigger role in global climate change than 14 was previously known by the scientific community, “Lightning increases the atmosphere’s ability to clean itself,” the researchers wrote in the study.
【答案】11．an 12．beneficial 13．Published 14．what
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述闪电虽每年在美国致约43人死亡，但其有有益影响，新研究发现其在全球气候变化中作用比已知更大，能增强大气自净能力。
11．考查冠词。句意：许多人都熟悉闪电带来的潜在致命危险，根据1989年至2018年的数据，在美国，闪电平均每年造成43人死亡。这里考查an average of，为固定搭配，意为“平均……”，符合语境。故填an。
12．考查形容词。句意：然而，研究人员最近发现了闪电一种令人惊讶且有益的影响。此处修饰名词impact，应用形容词beneficial，意为“有益的”，符合语境。故填beneficial。
13．考查非谓语动词。句意：4月底发表在《科学》杂志上的这项新研究发现，闪电在全球气候变化中扮演的角色可能比科学界之前所知的更大。此空考查非谓语，publish与the new study之间为被动关系，再由语境可知，应用过去分词形式作状语，且句首时首字母需大写，故填Published。
14．考查宾语从句。句意：4月底发表在《科学》杂志上的这项新研究发现，闪电在全球气候变化中扮演的角色可能比科学界之前所知的更大。此处than后为宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，指代“闪电在气候变化中扮演的角色”这一内容，应用连接代词what引导。故填what。
B
People around the globe have been mourning the death of Chinese scientist Yuan Longping, 15 lifelong research in hybrid rice helps feed more people around the world.
Born in Beijing in 1930, Yuan devoted his entire life 16 the study of hybrid rice. With his tireless efforts, he finally overcame numerous difficulties and cultivated the world’s first hybrid rice strain in 1973, which 17 (plant) first in Hunan province in the following year. It was the first time that a hybrid rice had been used for farming.
【答案】15．whose 16．to 17．was planted
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述全球哀悼袁隆平逝世，他1930年生于北京，毕生研究杂交水稻，1973年培育出首个品种，助养活更多人。
15．考查定语从句。句意：全球人民都在哀悼中国科学家袁隆平的逝世，他毕生对杂交水稻的研究帮助养活了世界上更多的人。此空考查非限制性定语从句，先行词为Yuan Longping，指人，在定语从句中作定语，修饰lifelong research，应用whose引导。故填whose。
16．考查介词。句意：袁隆平1930年出生于北京，毕生致力于杂交水稻的研究。这里考查devote one’s life to...，为固定搭配，意为“致力于……”。故填to。
17．考查时态和语态。句意：经过他不懈的努力，他终于克服了重重困难，于1973年培育出世界上第一个杂交水稻品种，第二年在湖南省首次种植。此空考查谓语动词，根据时间状语 in the following year可知，句子应用一般过去时，主语which（指代 hybrid rice strain）与plant之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，主语是单数。故填was planted。
C
An electric car has been seen taking off and flying in a test and 18 could change the future of travel. Last month, a company 19 ( fly) their vehicle, which rose straight up through the air like a helicopter, successfully completing a short flight over another parked car. While there have been other test flights involving flying cars in the past, this is the first time such an 20 ( invent) has been seen lifting off vertically(垂直地).
【答案】18．it 19．flew 20．invention
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一辆电动汽车在测试中起飞飞行，上月某公司的飞行器如直升机垂直升空并完成短途飞行，这是此类发明首次垂直起飞，可能改变未来出行。
18．考查代词。句意：一辆电动汽车在测试中起飞和飞行，它可能会改变未来的出行方式。分析句子可知，此处为代词“it”指代前文提到的 “An electric car”，在句中作主语，表示“这辆电动汽车可能会改变未来的出行方式”。故填it。
19．考查动词时态。句意：上个月，一家公司试飞了他们的飞行器，这种飞行器像直升机一样直接在空中上升，成功地在另一辆停放的汽车上空完成了短暂的飞行。根据“Last month” 可知，句子时态为一般过去时，“fly”的过去式是“flew”。故填flew。
20．考查名词。句意：虽然过去也有其他涉及飞行汽车的飞行测试，但这是第一次看到这样的发明垂直起飞。“an”是不定冠词，后接名词单数形式，“invent”是动词，其名词形式为 “invention”，表示“这种发明”。故填invention。
第二部分 阅读理解 (共两节，38分)
第一节 (共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Paris Museum Guide: Must-Visit Cultural Treasures
Planning a trip to Paris Don’t miss these world-class museums showcasing art, history, and innovation.
Louvre Museum
Location: Rue de Rivoli, 1st Arrondissement
Highlights: Houses 400,000+ artworks, including Da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa” and the Greek statue “Venus de Milo”. The glass pyramid entrance designed by I. M. Pei is iconic.
Hours: Wed-Mon 9:00 AM-6: 00 PM (closed Tue)
Ticket: ?17 (online booking required)
Musée d’Orsay (Orsay Museum)
Location: Left Bank of the Seine
Highlights: Housed in a former railway station. World’s largest collection of Impressionist masterpieces by Monet, Van Gogh, and Renoir. The giant clock on the top floor offers stunning city views.
Hours: Tue-Sun 9: 30 AM-6: 00 PM (Thu until 9: 45 PM)
Ticket: ?16
Cité de l’Architecture (Museum of Architecture)
Location: Palais de Chaillot, 16th Arrondissement (facing Eiffel Tower)
Highlights: Features 350+ scaled models of French monuments (e.g., Gothic cathedrals) and full-size replicas of medieval frescos.
Hours: Wed-Mon 11: 00 AM-7: 00 PM (closed Tue)
Ticket: ?9
Musée des Arts et Métiers (Museum of Arts and Crafts)
Location: 60 Rue Réaumur, 3rd Arrondissement
Highlights: Displays 80,000+ scientific inventions, including Pascal’s first calculator and Foucault’s Pendulum in a medieval chapel.
Hours: Tue-Sun 10: 00 AM-6: 00 PM (Thu until 9: 30 PM)
Ticket: ?8
Musée Grévin (Wax Museum)
Location: 10 Boulevard Montmartre
Highlights: Over 200 lifelike wax figures of celebrities like Einstein and Picasso. The “Hall of Mirrors” light show is a crowd favorite.
Hours: Daily 10: 00 AM-6: 00 PM
Ticket: ?26 (children under 6 and students 50% off)
Tip: The Paris Museum Pass covers entry to all above except Musée Grévin.
21．Which museum is housed in a former train station
A．Louvre Museum B．Musée d’Orsay
C．Musée des Arts et Métiers D．Cité de l’Architecture
22．How much does a student who’d like to admire the wax figure of Einstein need to pay
A．?17. B．?9. C．?25. D．?13.
23．What do Musée d’Orsay and Musée des Arts et Métiers have in common
A．Both offer night openings on Thursday. B．Both display Impressionist paintings.
C．Both are located near the Eiffel Tower. D．Both require online booking.
【答案】21．B 22．D 23．A
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要讲的是几个巴黎博物馆的相关信息。
21．细节理解题。根据Musée d’Orsay (Orsay Museum)部分“Housed in a former railway station.(坐落于一座旧火车站内)”可知，Musée d’Orsay由旧火车站改造。故选B。
22．细节理解题。根据Musée Grévin (Wax Museum)部分“Over 200 lifelike wax figures of celebrities like Einstein and Picasso.(200多尊如爱因斯坦、毕加索等名人的逼真蜡像)”和“Ticket: ?26 (children under 6 and students 50% off)(票价：26欧元（6岁以下儿童和学生5折）)”可知，想要欣赏爱因斯坦蜡像的学生需要支付的钱是26*50%=13欧元，故选D。
23．细节理解题。根据Musée d’Orsay (Orsay Museum)部分的“Thu until 9: 45 PM(周四营业至晚上9点45分)”与Musée des Arts et Métiers (Museum of Arts and Crafts)部分“Thu until 9: 30 PM(周四营业至晚上9点30分)”可知，Musée d’Orsay和Musée des Arts et Métiers的共同之处是两者均在周四提供夜间开放服务。故选A。
B
In my senior-year literature class last term, I encountered a knight who defended a forgotten kingdom, a gentle grandmother who healed wounds with folk tales, and a futuristic explorer who vanished in a black hole. Once, I often found myself amazed at how my students, who brought these figures to life, grasped the essence of complex literary themes.
But the situation was quite different with their first assignment, which centered on the question: “Why is literature important ”
Most of the essays were barely a page long, and scarcely any had a sentence that could serve as a strong thesis statement. I was taken aback. Then it dawned on me that the problem lay in the question itself. They could have written volumes about the allure of social media, but literature, in its pure form, just didn’t seem significant to them. This had to change.
As a new semester began, I asked everyone to craft a reflective essay on a literary work that had touched their soul. This time, they found the task far more engaging. For the subsequent two tasks, a drama-analysis project was followed by a poetry-creation workshop. I only stipulated that each piece should convey a deep-seated emotion. The outcomes were astounding. The students delved into a wide range of literary works and produced essays and poems, each 8 to 15 pages long, with insights that broadened my perspective and stirred my emotions.
I entered the class believing that literature is important as a mirror of humanity. However, my students demonstrated something even more profound. When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a year’s worth of memories filled with the realization of literature’s most profound significance — the ability to awaken dormant feelings, to transport us to unseen worlds, and to reveal the shared threads of our human experiences.
24．Who are the characters mentioned at the beginning of paragraph 1
A．Senior-year students. B．The author’s relatives.
C．Famous literary critics. D．Fictional personas.
25．Why did the students perform poorly in their first writing task
A．They lacked writing skills. B．They had a limited understanding of literature.
C．They misinterpreted the question’s intent. D．They had no interest in the topic.
26．What does the underlined word “astounding” in paragraph 4 mean
A．Confusing. B．Impressive. C．Ordinary. D．Frightening.
27．What does the author’s experience illustrate
A．Literature can awaken deep-seated human emotions.
B．Teaching literature is an easy task.
C．Students prefer creative writing to theoretical essays.
D．Classic literature is losing its appeal.
【答案】24．D 25．C 26．B 27．A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述了作者作为一名写作课老师，通过教学实践逐渐认识到学生写作动力的来源以及写作真正意义的成长故事。
24．细节理解题。根据第一段中“In my senior-year literature class last term, I encountered a knight who defended a forgotten kingdom, a gentle grandmother who healed wounds with folk tales, and a futuristic explorer who vanished in a black hole.(上学期，在我任教的高年级文学课上，我邂逅了诸多角色：一位守护着被遗忘王国的骑士、一位用民间故事治愈伤痛的慈祥祖母，还有一位消失在黑洞中的未来探险家)”可知，这些角色都是文学作品中的人物，即虚构人物。故选D。
25．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Then it dawned on me that the problem lay in the question itself. They could have written volumes about the allure of social media, but literature, in its pure form, just didn’t seem significant to them.(这时我恍然大悟，问题其实出在问题本身上。他们本可以洋洋洒洒地写上很多关于社交媒体吸引力的内容，但纯粹的文学对他们而言似乎并无重要意义)”可推知，学生在第一次写作任务中表现不佳是因为他们误解了“文学为何重要”这一问题，觉得该主题无关紧要。故选C。
26．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“The students delved into a wide range of literary works and produced essays and poems, each 8 to 15 pages long, with insights that broadened my perspective and stirred my emotions.(学生们钻研了大量的文学作品，写出了8到15页长的散文和诗歌，他们的见解开阔了我的视野，激发了我的情感)”可知，学生们深入研究了广泛的文学作品，写出了长篇的论文和诗歌，这些作品让作者印象深刻，“astounding”意为“令人赞叹的、印象深刻的”，与“Impressive”意思相近，故选B。
27．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a year’s worth of memories filled with the realization of literature’s most profound significance — the ability to awaken dormant feelings, to transport us to unseen worlds, and to reveal the shared threads of our human experiences.(当六月最后的铃声响起时，我带着一整年的回忆离开了，这些回忆让我深刻领悟到了文学最深远的意义——它能够唤醒沉睡的情感，带我们穿越至未曾见过的世界，并揭示出我们人类经历中共通的脉络)”可推知，作者的经历说明了文学可以唤醒人类深藏的情感。故选A。
C
A category of synthetic organisms termed “mirror life”, whose component molecules (分子) are mirror images of their natural counterpart, could pose huge risks to human life and ecosystems, according to a recent article in Science.
Mirror life has to do with the universal phenomenon in the natural world in which a molecule or another object cannot simply be superimposed (重叠) on another. For example, your left hand can’t simply be turned over to match your right hand. This handedness is hugely important in biology because interactions between biomolecules rely on them having the expected form. For example, if a protein’s handedness is reversed, it cannot interact with partner molecules.
The authors are worried about mirror bacteria, the simplest life-form their concerns apply to. The capability to create mirror bacteria does not yet exist and is “at least a decade away”, but progress is underway. Katarzyna Adamala, one co-author of the article, fears that mirror bacteria could lead to permanent ecological damage and loss of life.
The initial enthusiasm for creating mirror versions of bacteria began with simpler imaginings. Researchers explored the use of mirror-image proteins and other molecules that are the building blocks of such an organism. One application is in drugs. Some drugs must be taken repeatedly because the body breaks them down. Mirror molecules resist this process, allowing drugs made from them to last longer.
Many immune system mechanisms also rely on handedness. T cells, responsible for recognizing foreign invaders, for example, might fail to bind to something with the wrong handedness, which could help therapies made from mirror molecules avoid triggering immune reactions in patients.
Another potential application of mirror bacteria might be bioreactors (生物反应器), biological factories that use cells or microorganisms to produce various compounds like antibiotics and other medicines. Bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria) can wipe out bacteria-based bioreactors, costing huge amounts of time and money, but it is likely they wouldn’t infect mirror bacteria, because they wouldn’t recognize their molecules.
It is these supposedly advantageous properties that gave rise to the scientists’ concerns. The ability to avoid immune responses could allow bacteria to cause deadly infections as they multiply uncontrollably. Unlike viruses, bacteria don’t require specific molecular interactions to infect hosts, and mirror bacteria could affect a wide range of organisms, including humans, animals, and plants. And a lack of natural enemies could enable mirror bacteria to spread widely through ecosystems.
28．Why is “handedness” important in biology
A．It helps biomolecules to change functions when needed.
B．It ensures biomolecules to recognize their reversed forms.
C．It enables biomolecules to be superimposed on each other.
D．It allows biomolecules to interact correctly with each other.
29．What is Adamala’s attitude towards the development of mirror bacteria
A．Defensive. B．Enthusiastic. C．Neutral. D．Worried.
30．What can we learn about the application of mirror life technology
A．Mirror molecules help to activate immune reactions.
B．Mirror molecules can extend the effect of some drugs.
C．Mirror bacteria can be used to cure some rare diseases.
D．Mirror bacteria have the potential to damage bioreactors.
31．What is the passage mainly about
A．Process and challenges of mirror life research.
B．Applications and benefits of mirror molecules.
C．The concept and potential impacts of mirror life.
D．Replacement of natural bacteria by mirror bacteria.
【答案】28．D 29．D 30．B 31．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了“镜像生命”这一合成生物类别的概念，以及其可能对人类生命和生态系统带来的巨大风险，同时探讨了镜像生命技术的潜在应用。
28．细节理解题。根据第二段中“This handedness is hugely important in biology because interactions between biomolecules rely on them having the expected form. For example, if a protein’s handedness is reversed, it cannot interact with partner molecules. (这种手性在生物学中非常重要，因为生物分子之间的相互作用依赖于它们具有预期的形式。例如，如果蛋白质的手性颠倒，它就不能与配体分子相互作用。)”可知，手性在生物学中很重要是因为它允许生物分子之间正确地相互作用。故选D项。
29．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Katarzyna Adamala, one co-author of the article, fears that mirror bacteria could lead to permanent ecological damage and loss of life. (这篇文章的一位合著者Katarzyna Adamala担心，镜像细菌可能会对生态造成永久性破坏，并导致生命损失。)”可知，Adamala对镜像细菌的发展持担忧态度。故选D项。
30．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Some drugs must be taken repeatedly because the body breaks them down. Mirror molecules resist this process, allowing drugs made from them to last longer. (有些药物必须反复服用，因为身体会分解它们。镜像分子可以抵抗这一过程，使由它们制成的药物持续时间更长。)”可知，镜像分子可以延长某些药物的效果。故选B项。
31．主旨大意题。纵观全文，尤其是根据第一段中“A category of synthetic organisms termed “mirror life”, whose component molecules (分子) are mirror images of their natural counterpart, could pose huge risks to human life and ecosystems, according to a recent article in Science. (根据最近发表在《科学》杂志上的一篇文章，一类被称为“镜像生命”的合成生物，其组成分子是自然界对应分子的镜像，可能对人类生命和生态系统构成巨大风险。)”可知，本文主要介绍了“镜像生命”的概念以及其可能对人类生命和生态系统带来的巨大风险，即镜像生命的潜在影响。故选C项。
D
A National Institutes of Health (NIH) project that studied over a hundred young people as they grew up during the 1990s showed that our brains undergo a massive reorganization between our 12th and 25th years. The brain doesn’t actually grow very much during this period. It has already reached 90 percent of its full size by the time a person is six. But as we move through adolescence, the brain undergoes extensive remodeling, resembling a network and wiring upgrade.
Beatriz Luna, professor of University of Pittsburgh, used neuroimaging to study the teen brain. Luna scanned the brains of children, teens, and twentysomethings while they performed a specific task. They view a screen on which the red crosshairs at the center occasionally disappear just as a light flashes elsewhere on the screen. The instructions are to not look at the light and instead to look in the opposite direction. A sensor detects any eye movement.
Ten-year-olds fail about 45 percent of the time. Teens do much better. What Luna found most interesting, however, was not those scores. It was the brain scans she took while people took the pared with adults, teens tended to make less use of brain regions that spot errors, plan, and stay focused — areas the adults seemed to bring online automatically. This let the adults use a variety of brain resources and better resist distractions, while the teens used those areas less often and more readily gave in to the impulse to look at the flashing light. This helps explain why teens behave with such annoying inconsistency: attracting at breakfast, disgusting at dinner; masterful on Monday, sleepwalking on Saturday.
Meanwhile, take inspiration in one last distinction of the teen brain — a final key to both its awkwardness and its remarkable adaptability. This is the lasting plasticity of those late-developing frontal areas as they slowly mature. And at first glance this seems like bad news: If we need these areas for the complex task of entering the world, why aren’t they running at full speed when the challenges are most discouraging
The answer is that speed comes at the price of flexibility. According to Douglas Fields, an NIH neuroscientist, “This means the period when a brain area is getting upgraded is a sort of crucial period of learning — once that’s done it’s harder to change.”
The long, slow, back-to-front developmental wave, completed only in the mid-20s, appears to be a uniquely human adaptation. It may be one of our most sequential. It can seem a bit crazy that we humans don’t wise up a bit earlier in life. But if we smartened up sooner, we’d end up more stupid.
32．What does the underlined word “resembling” in Paragraph 1 probably mean
A．Building up. B．Looking like.
C．Breaking down. D．Connecting to.
33．What can we learn from the passage
A．Be patient and teams can still be smarter.
B．Be focused and we will face the world better.
C．Brains have the tendency to level up when needed.
D．Brains’ processing speed is compromised as they mature.
34．What is the main purpose of the passage
A．To analyse the composition of human brains.
B．To find reason for teens’ inconsistent behaviours.
C．To make a contrast between teen and adult brains.
D．To explain human brains develop at a reasonable pace.
【答案】32．B 33．D 34．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人类大脑在12岁到25岁之间经历大规模重组，解释了青少年行为特点及大脑发育的合理性。
32．词句猜测题。根据第一段“But as we move through adolescence, the brain undergoes extensive remodeling, resembling a network and wiring upgrade. (但是，当我们进入青春期时，大脑会经历广泛的重塑，就像网络和线路升级一样。)”可知，大脑经历重塑，类似于网络和线路的升级，故resembling意为“像，类似于”。选项B“Looking like. (看起来像。)”符合题意。故选B。
33．推理判断题。根据倒最后一段的“The long, slow, back-to-front developmental wave, completed only in the mid-20s, appears to be a uniquely human adaptation. It may be one of our most sequential. It can seem a bit crazy that we humans don’t wise up a bit earlier in life. But if we smartened up sooner, we’d end up more stupid.(这一漫长而缓慢、倒序发展的成长过程，直到 25 岁左右才完成，似乎是人类独有的适应方式。这可能是我们最循序渐进的一种适应方式。或许会让人觉得有些不可思议，那就是我们人类为何在生命早期没有更早地变得明智起来。但如果我们更早地变得明智，结果可能会更糟糕，因为我们可能会变得更加愚蠢。)”可知，青少年大脑发展是一个漫长的缓慢的倒序发展的过程，到25岁才能完成，是循序渐进的方式，如果更早变得明智，结果可能会更糟糕，因此推断要有耐心，最终团队会变得更聪明，与文章讲述一致，故选A。
34．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中“A National Institutes of Health (NIH) project that studied over a hundred young people as they grew up during the 1990s showed that our brains undergo a massive reorganization between our 12th and 25th years. (美国国立卫生研究院（NIH）的一项项目对上世纪90年代成长起来的100多名年轻人进行了研究，结果显示，我们的大脑在12岁到25岁之间会经历大规模的重组。)”以及最后一段中“The long, slow, back-to-front developmental wave, completed only in the mid-20s, appears to be a uniquely human adaptation. (这种漫长、缓慢、从后到前的发展浪潮，直到20多岁中期才完成，似乎是人类独有的适应方式。)”可知，文章主要解释了人类大脑在青少年时期到成年早期的发育过程，以及这一发育过程的合理性和必要性，即人类大脑以合理的速度发育。选项D“To explain human brains develop at a reasonable pace. (解释人类大脑以合理的速度发育。)”符合题意。故选D。
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Remembering names is an important social skill. 35 .
● Recite and repeat in conversation.
When you hear a person’s name, repeat it. Immediately say it to yourself several times without moving your lips. You could also repeat the name in a way that does not sound forced or artificial.
● Ask the other person to recite and repeat.
You can let other people help you remember their names. After you’ve been introduced to someone, ask that person to spell the name and pronounce it correctly for you. 36
● Admit you don’t know
Admitting that you can’t remember someone’s name can actually make people relaxed. Most of them will feel sympathy if you say. “I’m working to remember names better. 37 What is it again ”
●Use associations
Link each person you meet with one thing you find interesting or unusual. For example, you could make a mental note: “Vicki Cheng — tall, black hair.” To reinforce your associations, write them on a small card as soon as possible.
● 38
When meeting a group of people, focus on remembering just two or three names. Free yourself from remembering every one. Few of the people in mass introductions expect you to remember their names. Another way is to limit yourself to learning just first names. Last names can come later.
● Go early
Consider going early to conferences, parties and classes. Sometimes just a few people show up on time. 39 And as more people arrive, you can hear them being introduced to others---an automatic review for you.
A．Remember a name at a time.
B．Here are some ways to master it.
C．That’s fewer names for you to remember.
D．Most people will be pleased with your hard work.
E．But I can’t remember it clearly just at the moment.
F．Limit the number of new names you learn at one time.
G．Most people will be pleased by the effort you’re making to learn their names
【答案】35．B 36．G 37．E 38．F 39．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是如何有效记住他人名字。
35．根据前文“Remembering names is an important social skill.(记住名字是一项重要的社交技能。)”以及后文的每一段的小标题可知，后文介绍了一些记住别人名字的方法，选项B“Here are some ways to master it.(这里有一些方法来掌握它。)”说明了有一些方法可以掌握记住别人名字的技巧，引起下文，符合语境，故选B。
36．根据上文“You can let other people help you remember their names.(你可以让别人帮你记住他们的名字。)”可知，我们可以请别人帮助一起记忆名字，选项G“Most people will be pleased by the effort you’re making to learn their names(大多数人会因为你努力记住他们的名字而感到开心。)”中的people和前文的people一致，说明了别人看到你在努力记他们的名字时的反应，承接上文，符合语境，故选G。
37．根据前文“Admitting that you can’t remember someone’s name can actually make people relaxed.(承认你不记得别人的名字实际上可以让人放松。)”可以推知，承认记不住某些人的名字实际上会让人更放松，E选项“But I can’t remember it clearly just at the moment.(但是我现在记不太清楚了。)”是承认自己一时记不住名字的表达，承接上文，符合语境，故选E。
38．空格处是本段小标题，根据后文“When meeting a group of people, focus on remembering just two or three names. Free yourself from remembering every one.(和一群人见面时，只记住两三个名字。把自己从记住每一个人中解放出来。)”可知，本段主要讲的是不能要求自己一次性记住每一个人的名字，也就是限制记住的名字的数量，选项F“Limit the number of new names you learn at one time.(限制一次学习新名字的数量。)”说明了要限制一次性记住的名字的数量，概括了本段内容，可作为小标题，故选F。
39．根据上文“Sometimes just a few people show up on time.(有时只有少数人准时到达。)”可知，很少人准时出席会议，如果早到，记得名字也会相对较少，选项C“That’s fewer names for you to remember.(这样你要记住的名字就少了。)”说明了要记住的名字就减少了，承接上文，符合语境，故选C。
第三部分 书面表达 (共两节，32分)
第一节 (共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12 分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
In 1983, Howard Gardner, a professor at Harvard, published Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences. In the book, he presented one type of intelligence that everyone must develop if they want to be successful. That is emotional intelligence.
Emotional intelligence refers to the ability to identify and regulate your own emotions. It means having a deep understanding of yourself, knowing your own strengths and weaknesses, and handling reactions and emotions wisely. Emotional intelligence is critical for success in almost any field and it is especially important for high- stress environments, for example, when times are tough and when a person wants to quit or is fearful.
We all know highly emotional people. Rather than react wisely, they tend to let their emotions run their lives, often saying or doing something they may later regret. I’ve seen many people do this on social media, getting in arguments with loved ones over trivial stuff because they have different opinions. This inability to master the self leads to many struggles and heartaches for people.
Emotional intelligence does not mean being void (没有) of emotions. It means you know it is okay to be angry, just not out-of-control angry. You know it’s okay to feel hurt, but it is not okay to do something stupid in the name of revenge (报复). Many of us know people who are very intelligent, but allow their emotions to damage their lives.
Now, reflect on how you manage your emotions. Are you smart in the way you express what you’ re feeling, especially when the pressure is on
40．According to the passage, what is “emotional intelligence”
41．How do highly emotional people deal with their emotions
42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
People with high Emotional intelligence can control their emotions well, and they think people shouldn’t be angry.
43．When you get angry or feel hurt in daily life, what will you do And why （In about 40 words）
【答案】40．Emotional intelligence refers to the ability to identify and regulate your own emotions. 41．Rather than react wisely, highly emotional people tend to let their emotions run their lives, often saying or doing something they may later regret. 42．People with high Emotional intelligence can control their emotions well, and they think people shouldn’t be angry. Explanation: The passage states that “It means you know it is okay to be angry, just not out-of-control angry” , so people with high emotional intelligence don’t think people shouldn’t be angry. 43．When I get angry or hurt, I’ll take a walk to calm down, then think about the reason. This helps me avoid impulsive actions, as emotional intelligence requires handling emotions wisely.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是什么是情商，高情商和低情商的人分别有什么表现。
40．细节理解题。根据第二段“Emotional intelligence refers to the ability to identify and regulate your own emotions. It means having a deep understanding of yourself, knowing your own strengths and weaknesses, and handling reactions and emotions wisely.(情商指的是识别和调节自身情绪的能力。它意味着深刻了解自己，知道自己的优点和缺点，并且明智地处理反应和情绪。)” 可知，情商是指识别和调节自己情绪的能力。故填Emotional intelligence refers to the ability to identify and regulate your own emotions.
41．细节理解题。根据第三段“Rather than react wisely, they tend to let their emotions run their lives, often saying or doing something they may later regret.(他们没有明智地做出反应，反而往往让情绪左右自己的生活，经常说或做一些事后可能会后悔的事情。)”可知，高度情绪化的人往往让自己的情绪主宰自己的生活，而不是做出明智的反应，经常说或做一些他们以后可能会后悔的事情。故填Rather than react wisely, highly emotional people tend to let their emotions run their lives, often saying or doing something they may later regret.
42．细节理解题。根据第四段“It means you know it is okay to be angry, just not out-of-control angry.(这意味着你知道生气是可以的，只是不能失控地生气。)”可知，高情商的人认为生气是可以的，而不是认为人们不应该生气。故错误部分为“they think people shouldn’t be angry”。故填People with high Emotional intelligence can control their emotions well, and they think people shouldn’t be angry. Explanation: The passage states that “It means you know it is okay to be angry, just not out-of-control angry” , so people with high emotional intelligence don’t think people shouldn’t be angry.
43．开放性试题。结合情商的理念，合理回答即可。答案可以为：当我生气或受伤时，我会散步冷静下来，然后想想原因。这有助于我避免冲动行为，因为情商需要明智地处理情绪。故填When I get angry or hurt, I’ll take a walk to calm down, then think about the reason. This helps me avoid impulsive actions, as emotional intelligence requires handling emotions wisely.
第二节 (20分)
44．假设你是红星中学高二年级学生李华，你校英语报专刊Student Post在招聘校园新闻摄影师（photographer for school news），你对该职位很感兴趣，请你用英文给负责招聘的James先生写一封申请信，内容包括：
1．申请理由；
2．个人信息与优势；
3．希望得到该职位。
注意：1．词数100左右（开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数）；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Mr. James,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】
Dear Mr. James,
I’m Li Hua from Grade 2 of Hongxing Middle School. I’m writing to apply for the position of photographer for Student Post, as I’m deeply interested in capturing special moments at school through my camera.
I have loved photography for two years and have mastered basic shooting skills. I own a digital camera and often take photos of school events like sports meetings and art festivals, some of which were praised by my teachers and classmates. I’m also careful and responsible, ensuring I won’t miss important moments.
I would be grateful if you could give me this opportunity. I am looking forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua

【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以红星中学高二年级学生李华的身份，向负责招聘的 James先生申请校园新闻摄影师一职，需说明申请理由、个人优势并表达对职位的期待。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
申请：apply for→seek
掌握：master→have a good command of
确保：ensure→make sure/ see to it that
感激的：grateful→thankful/ appreciative
2. 句式拓展
同义句转化
原句：I’ve loved photography for two years and have mastered basic shooting skills.
拓展句：Having loved photography for two years, I have mastered basic shooting skills.
【点睛】【高分句型 1】I’m writing to apply for the position of photographer for Student Post, as I’m deeply interested in capturing special moments at school through my camera.（运用了as引导的原因状语从句）
【高分句型 2】I often take photos of school events like sports meets and art festivals, some of which were praised by my teachers and classmates.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效！
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2025-2026学年高二英语上学期期中模拟卷02（北京专用）
（考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分）
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2. 答题时，请按照答题纸上“注意事项”的要求，在答题纸相应的位置上规范作答，在本试题卷上的作答一律无效。
3．难度系数：0.65。
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第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节 (共10小题;每小题 1. 5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
When I picked up my son from preschool one recent summer afternoon, he looked dirty from head to toe. He told me how he and his classmates played in the nearby forest. It was a hot day, so they took off their 1 to dip (把……伸入) their toes in the river. He excitedly described to me the 2 feeling of the cool river water.
This isn’t a typical (典型的) preschool; it’s a forest school. A large part of my son’s school day takes place across 1,000 square metres of forest and wetlands.
Today’s kids are under a lot of stress. It is believed that the path to a “good” college 3 as early as preschool. Even four-year-olds are required to read and memorize new words every day. Children are spending less and less time outdoors. This trend has caused many 4 , such as an increase in obesity (肥胖) among children.
More and more parents have realized the importance of 5 play. The past few years have seen an increasing interest in forest schools. The number of forest schools in the U.S. has 6 from 20 in 2008 to 250. 7 children in traditional schools, forest school kids spend their day investigating ant hills, jumping in mud or even climbing tall trees. There are no direct instructions.
Are forest schools really better for today’s children than traditional preschools The answer largely depends on 8 you ask. Personally, I am in favour of forest schools. My son has been more active since he started to attend. He has learned how to deal with small dangers. Most 9 , my son looks forward to going to school every day.
Do you spend most of your time studying indoors Remember to throw yourself into the arms of 10 from time to time!
1．A．hats B．shirts C．shoes D．sunglasses
2．A．frightening B．similar C．warm D．wonderful
3．A．begins B．covers C．divides D．disappears
4．A．accidents B．fights C．problems D．uncertainties
5．A．competitive B．friendly C．online D．outdoor
6．A．doubled B．dropped C．grown D．varied
7．A．Among B．Like C．Unlike D．Without
8．A．how B．when C．who D．why
9．A．directly B．importantly C．likely D．terribly
10．A．classmates B．family C．nature D．strangers
第二节 (共10小题;每小题1. 5分，共15分)
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
Many are familiar with the potentially deadly danger caused by lightning, which is blamed for 11 average of 43 deaths in the United States each year, based on data from 1989 to 2018. However, the researchers recently uncovered a surprising and 12 (benefit) impact of lightning.
13 (publish) at the end of April in Science, the new study found that lightning may play a bigger role in global climate change than 14 was previously known by the scientific community, “Lightning increases the atmosphere’s ability to clean itself,” the researchers wrote in the study.
B
People around the globe have been mourning the death of Chinese scientist Yuan Longping, 15 lifelong research in hybrid rice helps feed more people around the world.
Born in Beijing in 1930, Yuan devoted his entire life 16 the study of hybrid rice. With his tireless efforts, he finally overcame numerous difficulties and cultivated the world’s first hybrid rice strain in 1973, which 17 (plant) first in Hunan province in the following year. It was the first time that a hybrid rice had been used for farming.
C
An electric car has been seen taking off and flying in a test and 18 could change the future of travel. Last month, a company 19 ( fly) their vehicle, which rose straight up through the air like a helicopter, successfully completing a short flight over another parked car. While there have been other test flights involving flying cars in the past, this is the first time such an 20 ( invent) has been seen lifting off vertically(垂直地).
第二部分 阅读理解 (共两节，38分)
第一节 (共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Paris Museum Guide: Must-Visit Cultural Treasures
Planning a trip to Paris Don’t miss these world-class museums showcasing art, history, and innovation.
Louvre Museum
Location: Rue de Rivoli, 1st Arrondissement
Highlights: Houses 400,000+ artworks, including Da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa” and the Greek statue “Venus de Milo”. The glass pyramid entrance designed by I. M. Pei is iconic.
Hours: Wed-Mon 9:00 AM-6: 00 PM (closed Tue)
Ticket: ?17 (online booking required)
Musée d’Orsay (Orsay Museum)
Location: Left Bank of the Seine
Highlights: Housed in a former railway station. World’s largest collection of Impressionist masterpieces by Monet, Van Gogh, and Renoir. The giant clock on the top floor offers stunning city views.
Hours: Tue-Sun 9: 30 AM-6: 00 PM (Thu until 9: 45 PM)
Ticket: ?16
Cité de l’Architecture (Museum of Architecture)
Location: Palais de Chaillot, 16th Arrondissement (facing Eiffel Tower)
Highlights: Features 350+ scaled models of French monuments (e.g., Gothic cathedrals) and full-size replicas of medieval frescos.
Hours: Wed-Mon 11: 00 AM-7: 00 PM (closed Tue)
Ticket: ?9
Musée des Arts et Métiers (Museum of Arts and Crafts)
Location: 60 Rue Réaumur, 3rd Arrondissement
Highlights: Displays 80,000+ scientific inventions, including Pascal’s first calculator and Foucault’s Pendulum in a medieval chapel.
Hours: Tue-Sun 10: 00 AM-6: 00 PM (Thu until 9: 30 PM)
Ticket: ?8
Musée Grévin (Wax Museum)
Location: 10 Boulevard Montmartre
Highlights: Over 200 lifelike wax figures of celebrities like Einstein and Picasso. The “Hall of Mirrors” light show is a crowd favorite.
Hours: Daily 10: 00 AM-6: 00 PM
Ticket: ?26 (children under 6 and students 50% off)
Tip: The Paris Museum Pass covers entry to all above except Musée Grévin.
21．Which museum is housed in a former train station
A．Louvre Museum B．Musée d’Orsay
C．Musée des Arts et Métiers D．Cité de l’Architecture
22．How much does a student who’d like to admire the wax figure of Einstein need to pay
A．?17. B．?9. C．?25. D．?13.
23．What do Musée d’Orsay and Musée des Arts et Métiers have in common
A．Both offer night openings on Thursday. B．Both display Impressionist paintings.
C．Both are located near the Eiffel Tower. D．Both require online booking.
B
In my senior-year literature class last term, I encountered a knight who defended a forgotten kingdom, a gentle grandmother who healed wounds with folk tales, and a futuristic explorer who vanished in a black hole. Once, I often found myself amazed at how my students, who brought these figures to life, grasped the essence of complex literary themes.
But the situation was quite different with their first assignment, which centered on the question: “Why is literature important ”
Most of the essays were barely a page long, and scarcely any had a sentence that could serve as a strong thesis statement. I was taken aback. Then it dawned on me that the problem lay in the question itself. They could have written volumes about the allure of social media, but literature, in its pure form, just didn’t seem significant to them. This had to change.
As a new semester began, I asked everyone to craft a reflective essay on a literary work that had touched their soul. This time, they found the task far more engaging. For the subsequent two tasks, a drama-analysis project was followed by a poetry-creation workshop. I only stipulated that each piece should convey a deep-seated emotion. The outcomes were astounding. The students delved into a wide range of literary works and produced essays and poems, each 8 to 15 pages long, with insights that broadened my perspective and stirred my emotions.
I entered the class believing that literature is important as a mirror of humanity. However, my students demonstrated something even more profound. When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a year’s worth of memories filled with the realization of literature’s most profound significance — the ability to awaken dormant feelings, to transport us to unseen worlds, and to reveal the shared threads of our human experiences.
24．Who are the characters mentioned at the beginning of paragraph 1
A．Senior-year students. B．The author’s relatives.
C．Famous literary critics. D．Fictional personas.
25．Why did the students perform poorly in their first writing task
A．They lacked writing skills. B．They had a limited understanding of literature.
C．They misinterpreted the question’s intent. D．They had no interest in the topic.
26．What does the underlined word “astounding” in paragraph 4 mean
A．Confusing. B．Impressive. C．Ordinary. D．Frightening.
27．What does the author’s experience illustrate
A．Literature can awaken deep-seated human emotions.
B．Teaching literature is an easy task.
C．Students prefer creative writing to theoretical essays.
D．Classic literature is losing its appeal.
C
A category of synthetic organisms termed “mirror life”, whose component molecules (分子) are mirror images of their natural counterpart, could pose huge risks to human life and ecosystems, according to a recent article in Science.
Mirror life has to do with the universal phenomenon in the natural world in which a molecule or another object cannot simply be superimposed (重叠) on another. For example, your left hand can’t simply be turned over to match your right hand. This handedness is hugely important in biology because interactions between biomolecules rely on them having the expected form. For example, if a protein’s handedness is reversed, it cannot interact with partner molecules.
The authors are worried about mirror bacteria, the simplest life-form their concerns apply to. The capability to create mirror bacteria does not yet exist and is “at least a decade away”, but progress is underway. Katarzyna Adamala, one co-author of the article, fears that mirror bacteria could lead to permanent ecological damage and loss of life.
The initial enthusiasm for creating mirror versions of bacteria began with simpler imaginings. Researchers explored the use of mirror-image proteins and other molecules that are the building blocks of such an organism. One application is in drugs. Some drugs must be taken repeatedly because the body breaks them down. Mirror molecules resist this process, allowing drugs made from them to last longer.
Many immune system mechanisms also rely on handedness. T cells, responsible for recognizing foreign invaders, for example, might fail to bind to something with the wrong handedness, which could help therapies made from mirror molecules avoid triggering immune reactions in patients.
Another potential application of mirror bacteria might be bioreactors (生物反应器), biological factories that use cells or microorganisms to produce various compounds like antibiotics and other medicines. Bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria) can wipe out bacteria-based bioreactors, costing huge amounts of time and money, but it is likely they wouldn’t infect mirror bacteria, because they wouldn’t recognize their molecules.
It is these supposedly advantageous properties that gave rise to the scientists’ concerns. The ability to avoid immune responses could allow bacteria to cause deadly infections as they multiply uncontrollably. Unlike viruses, bacteria don’t require specific molecular interactions to infect hosts, and mirror bacteria could affect a wide range of organisms, including humans, animals, and plants. And a lack of natural enemies could enable mirror bacteria to spread widely through ecosystems.
28．Why is “handedness” important in biology
A．It helps biomolecules to change functions when needed.
B．It ensures biomolecules to recognize their reversed forms.
C．It enables biomolecules to be superimposed on each other.
D．It allows biomolecules to interact correctly with each other.
29．What is Adamala’s attitude towards the development of mirror bacteria
A．Defensive. B．Enthusiastic. C．Neutral. D．Worried.
30．What can we learn about the application of mirror life technology
A．Mirror molecules help to activate immune reactions.
B．Mirror molecules can extend the effect of some drugs.
C．Mirror bacteria can be used to cure some rare diseases.
D．Mirror bacteria have the potential to damage bioreactors.
31．What is the passage mainly about
A．Process and challenges of mirror life research.
B．Applications and benefits of mirror molecules.
C．The concept and potential impacts of mirror life.
D．Replacement of natural bacteria by mirror bacteria.
D
A National Institutes of Health (NIH) project that studied over a hundred young people as they grew up during the 1990s showed that our brains undergo a massive reorganization between our 12th and 25th years. The brain doesn’t actually grow very much during this period. It has already reached 90 percent of its full size by the time a person is six. But as we move through adolescence, the brain undergoes extensive remodeling, resembling a network and wiring upgrade.
Beatriz Luna, professor of University of Pittsburgh, used neuroimaging to study the teen brain. Luna scanned the brains of children, teens, and twentysomethings while they performed a specific task. They view a screen on which the red crosshairs at the center occasionally disappear just as a light flashes elsewhere on the screen. The instructions are to not look at the light and instead to look in the opposite direction. A sensor detects any eye movement.
Ten-year-olds fail about 45 percent of the time. Teens do much better. What Luna found most interesting, however, was not those scores. It was the brain scans she took while people took the pared with adults, teens tended to make less use of brain regions that spot errors, plan, and stay focused — areas the adults seemed to bring online automatically. This let the adults use a variety of brain resources and better resist distractions, while the teens used those areas less often and more readily gave in to the impulse to look at the flashing light. This helps explain why teens behave with such annoying inconsistency: attracting at breakfast, disgusting at dinner; masterful on Monday, sleepwalking on Saturday.
Meanwhile, take inspiration in one last distinction of the teen brain — a final key to both its awkwardness and its remarkable adaptability. This is the lasting plasticity of those late-developing frontal areas as they slowly mature. And at first glance this seems like bad news: If we need these areas for the complex task of entering the world, why aren’t they running at full speed when the challenges are most discouraging
The answer is that speed comes at the price of flexibility. According to Douglas Fields, an NIH neuroscientist, “This means the period when a brain area is getting upgraded is a sort of crucial period of learning — once that’s done it’s harder to change.”
The long, slow, back-to-front developmental wave, completed only in the mid-20s, appears to be a uniquely human adaptation. It may be one of our most sequential. It can seem a bit crazy that we humans don’t wise up a bit earlier in life. But if we smartened up sooner, we’d end up more stupid.
32．What does the underlined word “resembling” in Paragraph 1 probably mean
A．Building up. B．Looking like.
C．Breaking down. D．Connecting to.
33．What can we learn from the passage
A．Be patient and teams can still be smarter.
B．Be focused and we will face the world better.
C．Brains have the tendency to level up when needed.
D．Brains’ processing speed is compromised as they mature.
34．What is the main purpose of the passage
A．To analyse the composition of human brains.
B．To find reason for teens’ inconsistent behaviours.
C．To make a contrast between teen and adult brains.
D．To explain human brains develop at a reasonable pace.
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Remembering names is an important social skill. 35 .
● Recite and repeat in conversation.
When you hear a person’s name, repeat it. Immediately say it to yourself several times without moving your lips. You could also repeat the name in a way that does not sound forced or artificial.
● Ask the other person to recite and repeat.
You can let other people help you remember their names. After you’ve been introduced to someone, ask that person to spell the name and pronounce it correctly for you. 36
● Admit you don’t know
Admitting that you can’t remember someone’s name can actually make people relaxed. Most of them will feel sympathy if you say. “I’m working to remember names better. 37 What is it again ”
●Use associations
Link each person you meet with one thing you find interesting or unusual. For example, you could make a mental note: “Vicki Cheng — tall, black hair.” To reinforce your associations, write them on a small card as soon as possible.
● 38
When meeting a group of people, focus on remembering just two or three names. Free yourself from remembering every one. Few of the people in mass introductions expect you to remember their names. Another way is to limit yourself to learning just first names. Last names can come later.
● Go early
Consider going early to conferences, parties and classes. Sometimes just a few people show up on time. 39 And as more people arrive, you can hear them being introduced to others---an automatic review for you.
A．Remember a name at a time.
B．Here are some ways to master it.
C．That’s fewer names for you to remember.
D．Most people will be pleased with your hard work.
E．But I can’t remember it clearly just at the moment.
F．Limit the number of new names you learn at one time.
G．Most people will be pleased by the effort you’re making to learn their names
第三部分 书面表达 (共两节，32分)
第一节 (共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12 分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
In 1983, Howard Gardner, a professor at Harvard, published Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences. In the book, he presented one type of intelligence that everyone must develop if they want to be successful. That is emotional intelligence.
Emotional intelligence refers to the ability to identify and regulate your own emotions. It means having a deep understanding of yourself, knowing your own strengths and weaknesses, and handling reactions and emotions wisely. Emotional intelligence is critical for success in almost any field and it is especially important for high- stress environments, for example, when times are tough and when a person wants to quit or is fearful.
We all know highly emotional people. Rather than react wisely, they tend to let their emotions run their lives, often saying or doing something they may later regret. I’ve seen many people do this on social media, getting in arguments with loved ones over trivial stuff because they have different opinions. This inability to master the self leads to many struggles and heartaches for people.
Emotional intelligence does not mean being void (没有) of emotions. It means you know it is okay to be angry, just not out-of-control angry. You know it’s okay to feel hurt, but it is not okay to do something stupid in the name of revenge (报复). Many of us know people who are very intelligent, but allow their emotions to damage their lives.
Now, reflect on how you manage your emotions. Are you smart in the way you express what you’ re feeling, especially when the pressure is on
40．According to the passage, what is “emotional intelligence”
41．How do highly emotional people deal with their emotions
42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
People with high Emotional intelligence can control their emotions well, and they think people shouldn’t be angry.
43．When you get angry or feel hurt in daily life, what will you do And why （In about 40 words）
第二节 (20分)
44．假设你是红星中学高二年级学生李华，你校英语报专刊Student Post在招聘校园新闻摄影师（photographer for school news），你对该职位很感兴趣，请你用英文给负责招聘的James先生写一封申请信，内容包括：
1．申请理由；
2．个人信息与优势；
3．希望得到该职位。
注意：1．词数100左右（开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数）；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Mr. James,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
Li Hua
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