2025年人教版九年级中考英语动词不定式讲义

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2025年人教版九年级中考英语动词不定式讲义

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英语动词不定式全方位透彻讲解——专项训练&详解详析
一、形式多样:基本结构与形式大揭秘
1. 肯定式:to + 动词原形
I want to go to Beijing next Saturday.
表达“我想下周六去北京”。
2. 否定式:not + to do
She decided not to have lunch at school.
意思是“她决定不在学校吃午饭。
3. 完成式:to have done(强调动作先于谓语发生)
He seems to have known the truth.
他似乎已经知道了真相,突出动作的先后顺序。
4. 被动式:to be done(表被动)
The building is said to be built next year.表明“据说这座大楼明年将被建造”,体现被动含义。
二、身兼数职:句法功能全解析
1. 动词不定式作主语
To answer the question is difficult for us.
这种情况下常用形式主语it替代,变为It is difficult to answer the question.
※、动词不定式作主语过长,显得句子“头重脚轻”,用形式主语“It”来代替,使句子更符合英语表达习惯。
2. 作宾语: 有一类动词常接不定式作宾语
agree(同意)、decide(决定)、hope(希望)、refuse(拒绝)等。
My friend decided to learn English online .
She hopes to be a doctor in the future.
He promised to help me with English .
3. 疑问词 + 不定式(what、how、where + to do)
当我们不确定怎么做某事时,就可以用这种结构。
I don't know how to solve this problem我不知道如何解决这个问题
Mother doesn't know what to do(妈妈不知道该做什么)。
4. 作表语:说明主语的内容或目的
His wish is to see his grandchildren.
他的愿望是见到他的孙子孙女.
My wish is to be a teacher.
我的愿望是成为一名教师。(清晰表明主语的意图)。
5. 作定语:后置修饰名词,表“需要做某事”或“未来的动作”
I have some clothes to wash.
我有一些衣服要洗。
He is the teacher to teach me maths .
他是教我数学的老师。(对名词进行补充说明)
6. 作状语
表目的:
I study hard to pass the exam.
为了通过考试而努力学习,表明学习的目的。
表结果:He woke up to find it is dark.
醒来后发现天黑了,体现一种意料之外的结果。
表原因:She smiled to see her mother .看到妈妈所以微笑,解释微笑的原因。
7. 作补语
宾语补足语:
The teacher asked us to write the sentences.
老师要求我们做写句子这个动作。
8.主语补足语(被动语态中):
The old man was told to come back soon .老人被要求尽快回来。
三、细节把控:特殊用法与注意事项
1. 省略to的情况
感官/使役动词后(see, hear, make, let等):
She made him clean the room .她让他打扫房间。
Let us go home让我们回家.
固定短语(如had better, would rather):
You had better have dinner at home.你最好在家吃晚饭
You had better finish your homework.你最好完成你的作业。
一 独立结构,固定短语作插入语:
To be honest, I don’t like this movie.说实话,我不喜欢这部电影 。
To tell the truth, I forgot your name .说实话,我忘了你的名字。
2. 与动名词的区别
不定式常表目的、未来或具体动作;动名词表习惯、抽象或已完成动作。
She likes swimming . 她喜欢游泳,这是一种爱好,表习惯。
I like to swim this afternoon .我今天下午想去游泳,是一个具体的计划。
3. 逻辑主语明确时:用“for sb. to do”结构
It’s difficult for beginners to understand.
对于初学者来说,理解起来很难。
四、考试聚焦:高频考点梳理
1. 使役动词(make/let/have)后常省略to,这是考试中常见的考点。
2. stop/remember/forget等动词后接不定式与动名词意义不同。
Stop to rest(停下手中正在做的事去休息),Stop resting. 停止休息。
3. 不定式完成式表“本应做但未做
You should have told me earlier.你本应该早点告诉我。
五、动词不定式专项练习题
(一)、单项选择题
1. He decided ______ (visit / to visit) his grandparents this weekend.
解析:decide是常用接不定式作宾语的动词,固定搭配为“decide to do sth.”,表示“决定做某事”,填 to visit。
2. My mother told me ______ (not play / don't play) computer games for too long.
解析:tell后接宾语补足语时,结构为“tell sb. (not) to do sth.”,否定形式直接在to前加not,无需加don't,填 not play
3. It is important ______ (for us / of us) to learn English well.
解析:“It is + 形容词 + for/of sb. to do sth.”中,形容词修饰事情性质(如difficult, important)时用for;修饰人品质(如kind, clever)时用of。important描述“学英语”这件事的性质,填 for us。
4. The little girl was seen ______ (to cry / cry) in the street yesterday.
解析:感官动词see在主动语态中接省略to的不定式(see sb. do sth.),但变为被动语态时,省略的to需还原,即“sb. be seen to do sth.”,填 to cry
5. I don't know ______ (how to do / what to do) next. Could you give me some advice
解析:“how to do”后需接宾语(如how to do it),而“what to do”中what可作do的宾语,此处空格后无宾语,填 what to do
(二)、句型转换题
1. He hopes he can travel around the world.(改为动词不定式结构)
→ He hopes to travel around the world.
解析:“hope + 宾语从句(sb. can do sth.)”可转换为“hope to do sth.”的不定式结构,直接用不定式替代从句,保持句意不变。
2. The teacher made Tom clean the blackboard.(改为被动语态)
→ Tom was made to clean the blackboard by the teacher.
解析:使役动词make在主动语态中接“make sb. do sth.”,变为被动语态时,省略的to需还原,结构为“sb. be made to do sth.”,同时补充动作执行者by the teacher。
3. To finish the work in two days is impossible.(用形式主语it改写)
→It is impossible to finish the work in two days.
解析:当不定式作主语过长时,用形式主语it替代,将真正主语(不定式)后置,固定结构为“It is + 形容词 + to do sth.”,使句子更简洁。
(三)、翻译题(根据动词不定式用法翻译下列句子)
1. 为了赶上早班车,他每天都早起。
答案:He gets up early every day to catch the early bus.
解析:“为了...”表目的,用不定式“to catch the early bus”作目的状语,符合“do sth. to do sth.”的目的状语结构。
2. 据说这本书将在下个月出版。
答案:This book is said to be published next month.
解析:“据说...”用“be said to do sth.”结构,“出版”与“书”是被动关系,且表未来动作,故用不定式被动式“to be published”。
3. 我有很多作业要做,所以不能和你去看电影了。
答案:I have a lot of homework to do, so I can't go to the movies with you.
解析:“有某事要做”用“have sth. to do”结构,不定式“to do”作定语后置修饰homework,表未来需完成的动作。

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