资源简介

(共33张PPT)
Unit 1
Discovering Useful Structures
Learning objectives
At the end of this lesson, students are able to:
1. To learn about the noun/adjective/adverb phrases.
2. To use phrases to improve your draft and add more information.
3. Master the sentence structures of the NP, AdjP, AdvP.
4. Appreciate the poem with the NP, AdjP, AdvP, and use them in the correct situations.
Which one is the phrase
Adam can't speak Chinese quite fluently.
volunteer
a good volunteer
Adam is a good volunteer.
confusing
a little confusing
The homeless thank the good volunteer for his help.
The good volunteer is Adam.
The first week is a little confusing .
A little confusing week made Adam a little confused.
fluently
quite fluently
Perception
Little Red Riding Hood
A girl with a round face
A girl with a round face who is wearing a hood
A girl with a round face who is wearing a red hood
A girl with brown hair and a round face who is wearing a red hood
Phrases are used to make and expand the word.
短语是具有一定意义但不构成句子或从句的一组词。短语的分类:
名词短语 (Noun Phrases):
指以一个名词为中心构成的短语，在句子的功能相当于名词。
形容词短语 (Adjective Phrases):
指以一个形容词为中心构成的短语，在句子的功能相当于形容词。
副词短语 (Adverb Phrases):
指以一个副词为中心构成的短语，在句子的功能相当于副词。
Look at the following sentences and underline NP, AdjP and AdvP in each sentence.
① The first week was a little confusing.
② The building is so big that I’m completely lost.
③ The kids over there are putting something on a round paper plate.
④ Linda thinks and speaks quite quickly, and she can do well in the debate.
⑤ The new coach told me that I didn’t play well enough.
⑥ My first French class was very confusing. The teacher spoke so fast!
NP
AdjP
AdvP
What is the function of a NP/AdjP/AdvP
These ideas may seem strange to you.
He is an 18-year-old student .
We love our great motherland very much.
We call our English teacher Miss Liu.
主语
表语
宾语
宾补
定义： 名词与它的修饰语一起构成的短语。
功能： 在句中的功能相当于 ，可作 。
注意： 名词的修饰语与名词有两种位置关系：一是放在被修饰名词的前面，作前置定语；二是放在被修饰名词的后面，作后置定语。
Noun Phrase：名词短语
名词
主语、宾语、表语或宾语补足语
Presentation
构成：
① adj. + n. /n. + adj.
homeless people 无家可归的人 people present at the meeting 出席会议的人们
② n. + n.
the school football team 校足球队 a woman doctor 一名女医生
③ n. + and + n.
teachers and students 老师和学生
④ v.-ing + n. / n. + v.–ing
reading ability 阅读能力 students reading in the classroom 在教室读书的学生们
⑤ -ed + n. /n. + -ed
fallen leaves 落叶 photos taken by Mike 迈克拍的照片
⑥ n. + to do
the meeting to be held tomorrow 明天要召开的会议
⑦ n. + 介词短语
a solution to the question 问题的解决办法
⑧ 限定词 + n.
my schedule 我的时间表
名词短语由“(限定词)＋(数词、形容词、形容词短语、描述性名词)＋名词＋(介词短语)”组成。
限定词包括冠词(a、an、the)，指示代词(this、that、these、those等)，形容词性物主代词(my、your、his、her、our、their、its等)和不定代词(some、no、neither、both等)。
1. The little boy is crying.
2. There are three birds in the tree.
2. The young man is really handsome.
3. You should find the way to learn maths.
4. The girl standing there is my sister.
5. The confused look on her face suggested that she was confused.
找出句子中的名词短语 NP
即学即练
指出下列句子中画线名词短语在句中所作的句子成分
即学即练
(1)These ideas may seem strange to you.____________
(2)We love our great motherland very much._______
(3)The man wearing a black coat is our teacher._____
(4)Those beautiful flowers come from Yun’nan. _____
(5)We elected him monitor of our class.____________
主语
宾语
表语
主语
宾语补足语
短语类型 组成 功能 注意
名词短语 (Noun Phrase) 1. 冠词+名词 2. 形容词+名词 3. 名词+名词 4. 名词+and+名词 5. 名词+介词短语 6. 名词 +不定式（短语） 7. 动词-ing形式+名词 在句中作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、状语 名词的修饰语与名词有两种位置关系：一是放在被修饰名词的前面，作前置定语；二是放在被修饰名词的后面，作后置定语。
Summary
① The air today is nice and clean.
② He found the film very interesting.
③ This is a subject worthy of careful study.
④ Much surprise, he agreed to give it a try.
定语
表语
补足语
状语
形容词短语（AdjP)
定义：指以 为中心，与其他形容词并列或与修饰语一起构成的短语。
功能：在句中的功能相当于 ，可以做 。
注意： 多个形容词修饰同一名词时顺序：限定词（代词性形容词）+数量形容词（序数词，基数词）+一般性描绘形容词+大小、长短、高低、形状+新旧、老幼、温度+颜色+国籍、出处+材料+用途、类别+被修饰名词
形容词
形容词
定语、表语、状语和补足语
Presentation
往往用来说明主语或宾语的状态、性质、特征等，可位于句首、句中或句末，但通常用逗号隔开。
一个名词短语如果有多个词修饰该怎么办？
多个形容词排序口诀：美小圆旧黄,法国木书房
a beautiful small round old yellow French wooden study
多个形容词排序：
限定描绘大长高，
形状年龄和新老；
颜色国籍跟材料，
用途类别往后靠。
构成：
① adj. +and/but/or + adj.
large and beautiful 大而美的 small but practical 小但实用的
② adv. 修饰 adj. 构成形容词短语
extremely cold 极其寒冷 really hard 确实困难
very handsome 非常帅的 quite long 相当长的
③ adj. + 介词
full of 充满 similar to 与……相似 different from 与……不同
④ adj. + 不定式
anxious to know 急于知道…… delighted to do 高兴做……
形容词短语由“(副词)＋形容词＋(介词短语)”组成。
Summary
短语类型 组成 功能 注意
形容词短语 (Adjective Phrase) 1. 形容词+and/but +形容词 2. 副词+形容词 3. 形容词+介词 4. 形容词+不定式 在句中作表语、定语、宾语补足语或状语 多个形容词修饰同一名词时顺序：
限定词（代词性形容词）+数量形容词（序数词，基数词）+一般性描绘形容词+大小、长短、高低、形状+新旧、老幼、温度+颜色+国籍、出处+材料+用途、类别+被修饰名词
指出下列句子中加黑短语在句中所作的句子成分
① The air today is nice and clean.
② He found the film very interesting.
③ This is a subject worthy of careful study.
④ Our English teacher is very nice and patient.
⑤ I found it very hard to get along with foreigners.
表语
宾语补足语
定语
表语
宾语补足语
即学即练
定义：由几个副词或副词及其修饰语构成的短语。
功能：副词短语在句中主要用作 ，修饰 等。
副词短语（Adv.P)
状语
动词、形容词、副词
Presentation
① I think my life in the future will be great, so I must study quite hard now.
② This pair of shoes is far too suitable for me.
③ Very luckily, he was not in the house then.
修饰动词
修饰形容词
修饰句子
构成：
① 两个或多个副词可以由and、but等连接构成副词短语。
I tried again and again.
② very、extremely等程度副词可作修饰语，与其他副词构成副词短语。
He runs extremely fast.
③ 介词及其宾语可用在副词后修饰副词，与副词构成副词短语。
He went on studying deep into the night yesterday.
副词短语由“(副词)＋副词＋(介词短语)”组成。
几乎所有的程度副词都可以用来修饰副词,构成“副词短语”
very 很，非常;
quite 非常;
rather 相当;
so 如此;
too 太;
absolutely 完全地;
definitely 肯定地;
almost 几乎;
nearly几乎;
enough 充足地;
entirely 完全地;
completely 彻底地;
totally 完全地;
fully 完全地;
extremely 极其;
fairly相当;
greatly 很;
little 少许,一点;
much 很;
pretty 非常;
really 很,等等。
特别提示
指出下列句子中画线短语在句中所作的成分
① He ran very quickly yesterday.
② I am much too pleased to see you.
③ She plays well enough as a beginner.
④ He worked much more carefully on the new design.
即学即练
修饰ran 作状语
修饰pleased 作状语
修饰plays 作状语
修饰carefully 作状语
Summary
短语类型 组成 功能
副词短语 (Adverb Phrase) 1. 副词+and/but+ 副词 2. 副词+副词 3. 副词+介词 在句中可修饰动词、形容词、副词和介词等，表示时间、地点、方式等。
即学即练
请写出画线处的短语类型
1．There are some great clubs in our school.
2．No words are strong enough to express our thanks for your help.
3．My campus is the most unforgettable place in my whole life.
4．I play ping－pong quite well，but I haven’t had time to play since the new year.
5．You should do things much more carefully.
名词短语
形容词短语
名词短语
副词短语
副词短语
1. I thought Susan nice and friendly the first time I met her.
2. My favourite hobbies are reading books and newspapers.
3. Let's do sports together and enjoy a healthy life！
4. Very surprisingly, he refused our offer.
5. He looked very worried.
即学即练
形容词短语作宾语补足语
写出下列句中加黑部分所作的句子成分及类型
名词短语作主语
副词短语作状语
名词短语作宾语
形容词短语作表语
即学即练
画出下列各句中的名词/形容词/副词短语并写出具句法功能
1. All the students are invited to take part in the English speech contest.
2. Most of the little children are naturally curious about everything around them.
3. Wet or fine, he got up at six and took a walk in the park.
4. I found maths quite easy and enjoyable because the teaching material was less advanced in the UK than in China.
NP主语
NP宾语
NP主语
AdjP表语
AdjP状语
NP宾语
NP宾语
AdjP宾语补足语
AdjP表语
NP主语
即学即练
画出下列各句中的名词/形容词/副词短语并写出具句法功能
5. It was raining very heavily on the day we moved.
6. The boy entered a shoe store which was big and tidy and bought a pair of shoes.
7.The boy is too young to understand clearly enough what his mother has said.
8. Mr. Smith, the head teacher of our school, is to attend a meeting to be held mext friday.
NP主语
NP主语
NP宾语
NP宾语
NP宾语
NP同位语
NP宾语
AdvP状语
AdvP状语
AdjP表语
NP主语
AdjP表语
1.形容词+名词
2.名词+名词
名词短语
7. 名词+介词短语
8. 限定词+名词
4. V-ing+名词/ 名词+V-ing
5. –ed+ 名词/ 名词+ -ed
6. 名词+ to do
3.名词+and+ 名词
1.形容词 and/but/or 形容词
形容词
短语
3. 形容词+介词
4. 形容词+不定式
2. 副词+形容词
Summary
Practice
Answer the questions using the phrases in brackets.
How soon do you think you’ll finish your homework （pretty soon）
I’ll finish my homework pretty soon. AdvP
② What do you think of your new teachers （very nice and patient）
My new teachers are very nice and patient. AdjP
③ How many clubs have you joined this year （two clubs）
I have joined two clubs this year. NP
Answer the questions using the phrases in brackets.
④ How well does Rita play the violin We need a new violinist in our music club. （quite well）
Rita plays the violin quite well. AdvP
⑤ What did your adviser say about the advanced literature course （too difficult but very interesting）
My adviser said that the advanced literature course was too difficult
but very interesting. AdjP
Joyce has just written a draft. Help her improves it by using noun/adjective/adverb phrases to add more information.
Cheerleader Try-outs
I’ve wanted to be a cheerleader. Yesterday, I tried out for the team. It was hard. First, we had to dance. The teacher showed us how to move, and then we tried. Second, we practiced singing a song about the school basketball team. Finally, some girls had to lift their partners. The other girls jumped and cheered. I think I did well, but the other girls were better. I'm not sure if I'll make the team or not.
Practice
I’ve always wanted to be a cheerleader. Yesterday, I tried out for the team. It was hard. First, we had to dance. The teacher showed us how to move, and then we tried. Second, we practised singing a song about the school basketball team. Finally, some girls had to lift their partners. The other girls jumped and cheered. I think I did well, but the other girls were better. I’m not sure whether I’ll make the team or not.
a high school cheerleader
my school’s cheerleading team
really hard
dance up and down in pairs
tried very hard
a short fight song
many of the other girls
jumped very high and cheered so loudly
quite well in the try-out
some of the stronger girls
even better
Cheerleader Try-outs
Decide whether the underlined parts are noun/adjective/adverb phrases and state their functions.(P72-1)
① The students will do group discussions, timed writing and research in the advanced literature course.
② It’s raining quite heavily. He won’t be back very soon.
③ What you learn at school plays a very important part in shaping your behaviour in society.
④ Just sign up for one activity for the joy of trying something new.
⑤ Strangely enough, she didn’t seem to like ballet very much.
Object
Adverbial
Attribute
If you have learnt some maths at school, you can quite quickly work out that one eleventh is about 9 percent. But did you know that 9 percent is also the number of children who are not at school That’s right — one in 11 children is not studying and probably even cannot do the simple maths you just did so very easily. They drop out of school because their families are too poor and they have to work like adults. In 2013, millions of children and teenagers were out of school.
O
S
O
P
S
O
S
S
A
A
A
P
Most live in poor countries, but there are also some boys and girls who cannot go to school in rich countries. If you are one of the lucky ones who can go to a senior high school, you should be grateful for the opportunity. So the next time you feel like you do not want to do boring, difficult homework or go to class, think about the children who don’t have the chance to get a good education. Make the most of your education and make the world a better place.
O
S
O
P
O
Conjunction
O
O
O
O
O
OC

展开更多......

收起↑