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(共36张PPT)
Relative clauses
定语从句
Unit 4
Natural disaster
Learning objectives
1. To learn the restrictive relative clauses with that, which, who, whose, whom and /;
2. To use the restrictive relative clauses to finish exercise.
What is Attribute（定语）
01
定语
4
01
1. Shanni is an outgoing girl.
outgoing外向的
定语
形容词
1. Shanni is a girl who is outgoing.
定语从句
5
01
定语
定语：修饰、限定、说明名词或代词
品质或特征的词或词组。
1. 前置定语：被修饰词前
2. 后置定语：被修饰词后
Eg. beautiful girl
Eg. the weather in Beijing
6
02
定语从句 简单句 定语从句
1. I have just seen Deng Ziqi.
2. She is a singer.
共同的/重复的名词
Deng Ziqi
She
关系代词
She
Who
合并句子
I have just seen Deng Ziqi Who is a singer.
7
03
先行词、关系代词
I have just seen Deng Ziqi Who is a singer.
先行词
关系词
被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。
引导定语从句的词。（引导词）
1.引导定语从句
2.代替先行词
3.在从句中担当一个成分
关系代词
02
9
01
关系代词who引导的定语从句
1. Shanni is a girl who is outgoing.
2. I have just seen Deng Ziqi Who is a singer.
指人：作主语
总结：关系代词who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
The number of people were killed in the disaster was over 100.
10
02
关系代词whom引导的定语从句
合并：There is a person whom I knew about.
1. There is a person.
2. I knew about the person.
共同的/重复的名词
关系代词
person
人：who？
成分
宾语
whom
总结：关系代词whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略。
11
02
关系代词whom引导的定语从句
即时练习
The boy the teacher often praises is their monitor.
The girl the soldier rescued yesterday is John’ s sister.
I am surrounded by the students I like.
whom
whom
whom
12
03
关系代词whose引导的定语从句
合并：The girl whose work got the prize is the youngest in her class.
The girl is the youngest in her class.
2. Her work got the prize.
The girl’ s work
女孩的作品
......的
whose
13
03
关系代词whose引导的定语从句
合并：It’s the house whose door is painted red.
1. It’s the house.
2. The door of the house is painted red.
所属关系：房子的门
总结：关系代词whose既可以指 ____也可以指物，在定语从句中做_______。
人
定语
14
03
关系代词whose引导的定语从句
将下列句子改为由关系词whose引导的定语从句
1.It was a meeting. It’s importance I did not realize at that time.
这是一个会议。 在那时它的重要性我并没有意识到。
2.I saw a girl. Her beauty took my breath away.
我见到了一个女孩。 她的美貌让我惊讶不已。
It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time.
I saw a girl whose beauty took my breath away.
15
04
关系代词that引导的定语从句
1.The boy bought a bicycle. It was newly repaired.
合并The boy bought a bicycle that was newly repaired.
bicycle
It
物：主语
that
2. The man that has a positive attitude will succeed.
指人：主语
16
04
关系代词tha引导的定语从句
总结：关系代词that既可以指人也可以指 ____，在定语从句中_______或________,做______时可省略。
物
宾语
宾语
主语
1. The brush is mine. He has taken away the brush.
宾语
The brush
合并：The brush that he has taken away is mine.
17
04
关系代词that引导的定语从句
即时练习
The number of people _________ come to visit this city each year reaches one million.
This is the suitcase _________ she is looking for.
that
( that )
18
05
关系代词which引导的定语从句
1. They ignored the details which might account for the accident.
指物：作主语
2. This is the watch （which） I lost yesterday.
指物：作宾语（可省略）
总结：关系代词which指 ，在定语从句中_______或________,做______时可省略。
物
宾语
宾语
主语
that =which
19
06
that VS which
that: 特指 which：泛指
1. 当先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, much, little，none等不定代词．
只能用that，不用which的情况；
1.Here is something_____ I will tell you.
2.Do you have anything ______ you don’t understand
that
that
20
05
关系代词which引导的定语从句
只能用that，不用which的情况；
2. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰．
1.This is the best TV _____ is made in China.
2.The first museum _____ he visited in China was the History Museum.
that
that
21
05
关系代词which引导的定语从句
只能用that，不用which的情况；
3. 先行词被the only, the very, the last, all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修饰．
1.I’ve read all the books _____ you lent me.
2. This is the only bike _____ I want to buy.
that
that
22
05
关系代词which引导的定语从句
只能用that，不用which的情况；
4. 先行词中既有人又有事物时，引导定语从句用that .．
1. He talked happily about the players and basketball_____ interested him greatly in the school.
2. Which is the bike ______you lost
that
that
定语从句已经有which或who时，避免重复，用that
23
05
定语从句的关系词
关系代词：
（who, whom, which, that, whose）
指人 指物 作用 在定语从句中的成分
who
whom
which
that
whose
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
主语
主语
主语
宾语(可以省略)
宾语(可以省略)
宾语（可以省略）
宾语（可以省略）
定语=sb’s or sth’s
连
接
24
01
定语从句的关系词
定语从句的关系词
关系代词
关系副词
指人
指物
who (主语, 宾语) whom (宾语)
whose (定语)
that (主语, 宾语)
which (主语, 宾语)
whose (定语)
that (主语, 宾语)
where (地点状语)
when ( 时间状语)
why (原因状语)
第四单元
第五单元
Practice
03
26
01
find out the relative clauses in the passage.
1.Eleven kilometres directly below the city, one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun, a quake that/which even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing.
2.The number of people who/that were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400，000.
3.Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
4.Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
27
01
小结：如何选择关系词？
Step 1 找出__________，分清它指代___还是___。
Step 2 分析定语从句缺何种成分（主、谓、宾、定、状、补）
Step 3 根据分析，选择恰当的关系词
1)缺状语:
2)缺主语/宾语:
3)缺定语:
用关系副词 when, where, why
用关系代词 who, whom, that, which
用关系代词 whose
先行词
人 物
28
05
即时练习
1. Do you still remember the earthquake
___________ happened ten years ago
2. It is a good choice for tourists ________
prefer visiting places of historical interest.
3. This is the pilot with ______ my brother
has worked for ten years.
4. Could you please pass me the book
________ cover is green
5. Jackson likes the bike __________ his
uncle gave him as a birthday gift.
that/which
that/who
whom
whose
that/which
29
01
6. The school in ________ my sister once
studied is very famous.
7. Professor Yang is a person from ______ I
have learned a lot.
8. The boy ______ parents are teachers is my
classmate.
9. Lucy called her brother ______________
she hadn't seen for five years.
10. It is the most interesting story ______ I
have ever heard.
which
whom
whose
that/whom/who
that
30
01
Find and mark the sentences that fit the categories in Exercise 1 on P52, and then check the answers and give necessary explanations.
（1）The Tangshan earthquake was a terrible experience that my great- grandma cannot forget.
（2）The couple who live next to us volunteered to help after the volcano erupted.
31
01
关系代词which引导的定语从句
Answers to Exercise 1:
（3）The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country.
（4）Mr Li is an architect whose designs for the new town have won praise.
（5）A doctor with whom James used to work died in the 2016 earthquake in Ecuador.
32
02
Work in pairs to answer the questions using the phrases in brackets in Exercise 2 and then check the plete each sentence with that, which, who, whose, whom or /.
Answers to Exercise 2:
1. Here are some of the people _________ homes were destroyed by the typhoon.
2. The terrible shaking of the building woke up all the people _________ were asleep.
3. The next day, people put up shelters in the open air using anything _________ they could find.
4. Several days later, most of the buildings __________ had been damaged by the hurricane were repaired.
whose
who
that; /
that/which
33
02
Work in pairs to answer the questions using the phrases in brackets in Exercise 2 and then check the plete each sentence with that, which, who, whose, whom or /.
Answers to Exercise 2:
5. The injured boy _________ mother was lost in the disaster was taken to the hospital.
6. The woman wrote a thank-you letter to the soldier by _________ she was rescued.
7. Is this young boy _________ saved several other students trapped under buildings
whose
whom
who
34
03
In 2011, a powerful earthquake and tsunami struck eastern Japan, __1__ resulted in the Fukushima nuclear disaster. It was an event __2__ would shape the nation's policies on nuclear energy for years to come. The disaster, __3__ magnitude could not be underestimated, led to the evacuation of thousands of people from the affected area.
One of the evacuees was a man named Kengo, __4__ lost everything in the disaster. His bravery and resilience in the face of such adversity inspired everyone __5__ met him. He eventually started working for a non-profit organization __6__ aim was to help survivors of natural disasters rebuild their lives.
which
that/which
whose
who
who
whose
35
03
It was not just the people __7__ were affected by the disaster, but also the environment. Extensive decontamination efforts were required in the regions __8__ were severely affected by the nuclear fallout.
A decade later, the effects of the disaster, __9__ are still visible, serve as a stark reminder of the forces of nature. Yet, the spirit of the survivors, __10__ determination embodies the concept of 'Ganbaru' - a Japanese term meaning to persist or do one's best in challenging circumstances - continues to inspire.
who/that
which/that
which
whose
THANKS

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