Unit 3 To be a good learner 知识点总结 译林版(2024)英语八年级上册

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Unit 3 To be a good learner 知识点总结 译林版(2024)英语八年级上册

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Unit 3 To be a good learner
Welcome to the unit
1.The joy of learning is as important in study as breathing is in running.(P34)
(1) joy n.欢乐,乐趣 tears of joy 喜极而泣
(2) breath n.呼吸 take a deep breath深呼吸 out of breath上气不接下气
breathe vt.&vi.呼吸 breathe in吸入
breathe in the fresh air呼吸新鲜空气
2.Let’s read some well-known people’s learning stories......(P34)
well-known adj.众所周知的 be well-know for因...而闻名(=be famous for)
3.Give a man a fish and you feed him for a day.(P35)
feed vt.为.....提供食物;喂养 (过去式:fed)
feed A on B = feed B to A给A喂B feed on sth.以某物为食
feed back反馈;回应
4.Teach a man to fish and you feed him for a lifetime.(P35)
(1)teach sb. to do sth.教某人做某事 teach sb. sth.=teach sth. to sb.教某人某事
(2)fish vi.钓鱼,捕鱼 go fishing去钓鱼
n. [C] 鱼 (表示鱼的条数时单复数同形;
表示鱼的种类时复数形式为fishes)
n.[U] 鱼肉
5.A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.(P35)
single adj.单个的;单身的;单人的 a single room单人间
6.Studying is like rowing a boat against moving water ; if you don’t move forward, you will fall behind.(P35)
(1)辨析
like 像....一样 用于相似关系,即两者在形态上或性质上有相似之处,但并不等同
as 作为;以....身份 用于说明同一关系,即两者实为一体
(2)against(介词) 逆;反对;和.....对抗 be against 反对 反义词组:be for
靠着;倚着;撞
(3)if“如果”,引导条件状语从句,既可放在主句前面,也可放在主句后面。
若if条件句放在前面,从句后面要用逗号与主句隔开。在含if引导的条件状语从句的主从复合句中,如果主句是一般将来时,从句要用一般现在时表示将来意义。(即“主将从现”原则)
(4)fall behind 落后;落在.....后面
fall的其他短语:fall down落下,跌落
fall off从.....摔下
fall over摔倒
7.To reach a goal, big or small, it is important to take the first step.(P35)
达成目标 插入语,修饰goal 迈出第一步
(1)动词不定式(短语)作目的状语(可位于句首或句末)
(2)step n.脚步;台阶;步骤;措施
v.走;迈步
(3)It is important to do sth.做某事是重要的(其中it是形式宾语,真正的主语是后面的动词不定式
8.It is better to learn how to do something than to depend on others.(P35)
(1)depend on依靠;依赖;取决于,由....决定(后接名词、代词、动词-ing形式或从句作宾语,也可接动词不定式的复合结构作宾语,其中on可用upon替换。depend on的主语可以使人,也可以是物,其含义有所不同。)
人 依靠
depend on
物 依.....而定
depend on oneself取决于自己,靠自己
注意:depend on一般不用于进行时态,也不用于被动语态。
(2)It’s better to do sth than to do sth.做某事比做另一件事更好
9.Keeping learning and trying to improve.(P35)
(1)keep doing sth.不断地做某事,一直做某事(强调动作的延续性)
拓展:keep on doing sth.反复/继续做某事(强调动作的反复性)
keep sb. doing sth.让某人一直做某事
keep sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事(其中介词from不能省略)
(2)辨析
try to do sth. 尽力做某事 表示想尽一切办法要把事情办成
try doing sth. 尝试着做某事 指为了达到某种目的而去尝试
10.If you stop learning, you will stop getting better.(P35)
辨析:
stop doing sth. 停止做某事 表示停止正在做的事情
stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事 表示停止正在做的事情而去做 动词不定式所表示的事情
11.What do you think is important for successful learning, Daniel (P35)
successful adj.有成效的;成功的(在句中多作表语或定语。
be successful in在....方面成功/有成效
拓展:successfully adv.成功地 succeed v.成功 success n.成功
success in.....在....方面成功 succeed in doing sth.成功地做某事
12.For me, one thing is to have strong drive to learn.(P35)
有强烈的学习动力
(1)动词不定式(短语)作表语
(2)drive n.冲劲;本能需求 have a drive for.... 对....有冲劲;有对.....的本能需求
vt. 驾车送(人)
v.驾驶,开(车) drive to+地点名词 “开车去某地”
13.If you’re willing to learn, you’ll work harder.(P35)
be willing to do sth.愿意做某事;乐意做某事
be willing to help/try/share愿意帮忙/尝试/分享
14.A good teacher will guide you on the right path.(P35)
guide vt.指导;给某人领路(或导游)
guide sb. to/through.....带领某人到/穿过......
[C]导游,向导 a tour guide一位导游 guide dog导盲犬
15.It’ll help us manage our time well.(P35)
manage vt.明智地使用(时间、金钱等);设法完成
vt.&vi.管理
manage to do sth.设法完成某事
16.I can’t agree more.(P35)
(1)我完全同意。(表示对某观点或陈述的强烈赞同,强调认同程度达到极限。)
(2)agree v.同意 反:disagree v.不同意 agreement n.同意;协议
相关短语:agree with sb同意某人的看法 agree to sth同意某事、某计划等
agree on sth双方就某事达成一致
Reading
1.Benjamin Franklin: a lifelong learner(P36)
learner n.初学者,学习者 a learner of..... ....的学习者
learn v.学习,学会;得知,获悉
短语: learn from.......向......学习 learn about.....了解,学习
learn to do sth.学会做某事 learn a lesson受到教 learn and live学无止境
2.A writer, scientist, inventor and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States, Benjamin Franklin was a man of many talents and one of the most famous people in the 18th century.(P36)
(1)found vt.创建;建立
find的过去式和过去分词,“发现”
founding adj.创建的;奠基础的(常用于father、president、member前,描述在创建某个组织、国家、机构等过程中起到关键作用的人)
n.(组织、公司、学校等的)创建,创办
(2)century [C] 世纪;百年 pl.:centuries
“the +序数词+century” 表示“第几世纪”
3.From a young age, Franklin’s great love of learning set him apart from many others.(P36)
set vi.落(下)When the sun is setting,everything seems to be golden.
vt.为.....设置背景于;创立 be set in... 以...为背景
(过去式和过去分词均为set,现在分词:setting)
短语: set off出发;动身 set up建起;设立 set out出发;着手
set an example to sb.为某人树立榜样 set goals设定目标(P41)
set......apart使....突出,使.....与众不同
4.While working in his brother’s print shop,Franklin taught himself by reading a lot.(P36)
(1)“while+现在分词短语”作时间状语,当主句和从句主语一致时,可省略从句的主语和be动词。
(2)by prep. (表示方法、手段等)用;靠;通过
teach oneself by doing sth.通过做某事自学
称(车、船等)by boat/car乘船/汽车
(3)teach oneself by doing sth.通过做某事自学
5.He often borrowed books from booksellers and stayed up very late in order to return them early the next day.(P36)
(1)stay up熬夜(不及物动词短语,其后不能跟宾语)
stay up very late熬夜到很晚 stay in待在室内
stay away from远离;不接近
(2)in order to为了(后面跟动词原形,通常作目的状语,in order to引导的目的状语可位于句首或句中。)(可以用动词不定式短语来替换)同义:so as to
in order (not) to do sth.为了(不)做某事
(3)return vt.归还 return sth. to.....把某物还给......
6.Curious about the world around him,Franklin once became interested in studying storms.(P37)
(1)curious adj.好奇的 curiosity n.好奇心;好奇 curiously adv.好奇地
be curious about....对....感到好奇
(2)become interested in....对....产生兴趣
7.Then he found out that storms moved from one place to another.(P37)
that引导的宾语从句,作find out的宾语,说明发现的内容。
辨析:
find out 发现;查明;弄清 多指通过调查、探索等找到信息, 发现事物的真相、实情等。
find 找到;发现 强调“找”的结果,侧重物品
look for 寻找 强调“找”的动作和过程,侧重 物品
find out 查明,弄清(情况) 指通过观察、调查或研究等查明真相、事实。
find 找到;发现 强调找的结果,多指偶然发现或碰到。
look for 寻找 指有目的地寻找,强调找的过程。
8.What’s more, Franklin had a great love for science, so his countless inventions came as no surprise.(P37) 非常热爱
(1)what’s more此外;而且;更有甚者;更为重要的是
(作插入语,对某一话题进行补充说明。表示递进,既可以放在句首,也可以放在句中,其后要用逗号与句子其他部分隔开。)
(2)invention n.发明;发明物
inventor n.发明家 invent v.发明;创造
(3)come as no surprise不足为奇(=be not surprising)
surprise n.惊奇,惊讶;令人惊奇的事情(或消息等)
v.(使)吃惊,(使)诧异 surprise sb.使某人惊讶
拓展:in surprise吃惊地 to one’s surprise使某人吃惊的是
9.Franklin did not make money from any of his inventions but let people use them for free.(P37)
(1)let sb. (not) do sth.让某人(不)做某事
(2)for free免费(介词短语,在句中通常作状语,用来修饰动词(短语)。)
His greatness goes further than that.
(1)greatness n.伟大
(2) “further”是“far”的比较级,意为“更远,更进一步”。
far的两个比较级
farther强调距离、时间上的“更远”
further可表示距离上的“更远”,也可表示抽象意义的“进一步,更多”
10.As a lifelong learner, he saw learning as an exciting and endless journey, full of wonder and success.(P37)
(1)“as a lifelong learner”是介词短语作状语,说明主语的身份。
(2)see......as..... 把.....看作......
(3)辨析:
exciting 令人兴奋的, 使人激动的 常说明事物具有 令人兴奋的特征 可作定语或表语
excited 感到兴奋的, 激动的 常说明人的感受 常作表语
(4)“full of wonder and success”是形容词短语作后置定语,修饰“journey”。
11......so it comes as no surprise that they ran into countless problems during their trip.(P39)
run into遭遇,陷入 run into trouble陷入困境之中
run into sb.偶然遇见某人
12.Steve has a talent for working with computers.(P39)
have a talent for.... 在....方面有天赋
13.It can translate your mother language into over 20 languages and help you (to) teach yourself languages.(P39)
translate v.翻译 translate....into....把....翻译成.....
translation n.翻译;译文 translator n.译者;译员
14.Find your interest and work hard, and you may meet with great success.(P39)
meet with符合,偶尔遇到,遭受
相关短语:meet with great success取得巨大成功
meet with friends和朋友见面
meet with opposition遭到反对
Grammar
1.badly (P40) adv.严重地,厉害地
(由“形容词bad+副词后缀-ly”构成)
2.He even records himself playing the piano every day.
record / r k d / v.录制;记录 record a programme录制节目
/ rek d/ [C]记录;纪录break the record
record oneself doing sth.记录自己做某事
3.We wish we could learn something by ourselves too.(P41)
learn sth by oneself 自学(=teach oneself)
4.副词比较级和最高级地构成
(1)单音节词在词尾加-er / -est,其具体变化规则与形容词相同。
fast ----- faster----- fastest hard ----harder -----hardest
(2)多音节词和部分双音节词,在词前加more或most。副词最高级前面的the有时可以省去。
carefully ----more carefully ----most carefully
quickly ----more quickly ----most quickly
(3)还有一些副词的比较级、最高级是不规则变化。
well ----better ----best badly----worse ----worst
far ---further/farther -----furthest/farthest
5.副词比较级、最高级的用法
(1)副词的比较级
a.句型:A+动词+副词的比较级+than+B
(当than前后使用的动词相同时,通常用助动词代替后面的动词,该助动词可以省略)
b.说明“和B比起来,更喜欢A”时,要用well的比较级better,用
“sb like(s) A better than B.”句型。
c.句型:Which/Who.....like better, A or B
d.副词比较级前可加much, a lot, far, even, a little等修饰成分来表示程度或加强语气。
(2)副词的最高级
副词的最高级后通常有一定的比较范围,其后可跟of all...., in....., among..等短语。
6.反身代词
(1)含义:表示“我(们)自己”“你(们)自己”“它/他/她(们)自己”的代词称为反身代词。反身代词即人称代词的反身形式,它所指的人或物与主语一致,在句中可以起到强调作用。
(2)反身代词的分类
第一、二人称的反身代词由形容词性物主代词加-self或-selves构成,第三人称的反身代词由人称代词的宾格加-self或-selves构成。不定人称代词one的反身代词是oneself。
注意:反身代词和它所指的对象在人称、性别和数上必须保持一致。
数 人称
第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
单数 myself 我自己 yourself 你自己 himself/herself/itself 他/她/它自己
复数 ourselves 我们自己 yourselves 你们自己 themselves 他/她/它们自己
(3)反身代词的用法
a.作同位语,其强调作用。
作主语同位语,紧跟主语之后,或置于句末。
作宾语同位语,紧跟在宾语之后。
b.作宾语,其反射作用。指主语发出的动作反射回主语本身。
作及物动词的宾语。
作动词短语的宾语。
c.作表语。
拓展:含反身代词的常见短语
hurt oneself伤着某人自己 by oneself独立地;单独
leave sb by oneself把某人单独留下 learn sth by oneself自学
help oneself to随便吃;自取 come to oneself苏醒过来
enjoy oneself玩得高兴 lose oneself in沉迷于/专心致志于......
make oneself at home随便一点儿;像在自家一样 say to oneself自言自语
Word power
1.我们可以给某些单词加上后缀-er、-or或-ist,构成用来描述从事特定工作或活动的人的名词。
print+er-------printer n.印刷工;打印机
tour+ist ------tourist n.游客
2.有时我们在添加后缀时需要改变动词/名词的词尾:
dance ------ dancer win ----- winner piano----pianist science---scientist
Integration
1.Zhao Yuanren could speak over 30 Chinese dialects and some foreign languages like English, French and German.(P43)
over prep. 超过,多于(=more than);从一边到另一边
在.....(正)上方 反义词:under
adv.(与be动词连用)完毕;结束
3.Besides his great talent and strong interest in languages, Zhao had useful ways to learn languages.(P43)
besides 介词,“除.....之外(还)”,包含后面的内容 指在整体中加入一部分,表示 一种累加关系,有“加上”之意
beside 介词,在.....旁边;在....附近 指物体或人处于相邻位置,距离较近但未完全紧贴。
except “除....之外”,排除后面的内容 侧重于排除在外,从整体里减去
besides引导的介词短语作状语,用于补充说明“had useful ways”之外的其他情况,表示递进。
4.Zhao thought it was important to spend as much time as possible reading, speaking and listening to the language. (P43) 尽可能多的时间
possible adj.可能的 as.....as possible 尽可能.........(=as.....as sb can)
if possible如果可能的话(=if it is possible)
反:impossible adj.不可能的
5.Also, Zhao always carried a pen and paper with him to write down useful sentences.(P43)
write down 写下,记下 (是“动词+副词”结构的短语。接名词作宾语时,名词可放在down之前或之后;接人称代词作宾语时,人称代词须放在write和down之间。
6.Zhao believed that it was best to focus on learning sentences rather than single words.(P43)
(1)focus on 集中于;致力于(表示专注于某一件事。on是介词,后面接名词、代词或动名词)
focus one’s attention/mind/efforts on/upon sth.
集中注意力/心思/努力在某事(物)上
(2)rather than而不是 连接名词
连接动词(前后动词形式保持一致)
连接介词短语
连接句子成分(前后结构对称)
(常用来连接并列结构,可以连接名词、代词、动名词、动词、介词短语、形容词、副词或动词不定式短语(可省略to)等。)
拓展:would rather than....宁愿....而不愿....
would rather do than do...宁愿做....而不愿做.....
7.How important do you think pronunciation is (P44)
pronunciation n.发音;读音(表示“某人的发音”时用单数形式。)
pronounce v.发音
8.Try to say something in English every day.(P44)
辨析:
every day 每天 表示事情发生的频率,在句中作状语
everyday 日常的;每天的 形容词,用在名词前作定语
9.Start by reading something simple and slowly move on to more difficult ones.(P44)
(1)slowly adv.慢速地,缓慢地
反义词:quickly 形容词:slow慢的
slowly的比较级为more slowly,最高级为most slowly。
(2)move on变换(工作、活动)
move on to sth.开始做(别的)事
10.Every morning when I’m getting ready for school, I’ll listen to English radios and talk shows.(P44)
get ready for..... 为.....准备(与be ready for同义后接名词或代词)
拓展:get.....ready把.....准备好
get ready to do sth.准备好做某事
11.After school, I’ll spend about 10 minutes reading every day.(P44)
辨析:
spend 花费(时间、金钱等) 主语是人 常用结构: spend.....on sth.和 spend.....doing sth.
cost 价格为;花费 主语多为物 常用句型: sth.cost(s) sb. some money
take 花费(时间) it作形式主语,真正的主语是后面的动词不定式(短语) 常用句型: It takes sb some time to do sth.
pay 支付(钱) 主语是人 常用结构: sb pay....for sth.
12.I plan to write some sentences in English every day.(P44)
plan v.计划(planned, planning)(后面跟名词、代词或动词不定式作宾语)
plan to do sth.计划做某事
[C]打算,计划(指事先作出的安排)
13.I believe through listening, reading,writing and speaking I can improve my language skills as a whole.(P44)
as a whole作为一个整体;总体上(用于表示所有部分都已考虑到)
whole n.全部;整个 on the whole总的来说;大体上
adj.整个的;整体的(需置于限定词the/a后,不可直接修饰不可数名词或复数名词)the whole day一整天a whole new world一个全新的世界
14.I think you can try listening to English as often as possible.(P45)
尽可能经常
类似表达还有:as quickly/much/early as possible尽量快/多/早
15.What else (P45)
辨析:
else 副词 另外;其他 修饰疑问代词、疑问副词或不定代词, 置于这些词之后
other 形容词 其余的;另外的 修饰名词,置于名词之前
注意:else的所有格形式:else’s ; else有时可与other进行同义转换。
Who else can you help = What other people can you help
16.How about reading English aloud every morning (P45)
辨析:
aloud 副词 出声地 常与read等连用
大声地 常与call, shout, cry等连用
loud 形容词 响亮的;大声的; 吵闹的 可作定语或表语
副词 “响亮地;大声地”, 常指说话声和笑声 常与talk, speak, sing, laugh 等连用
注意:aloud没有比较级和最高级。
loud 形容词 侧重表示“声音响亮”,常在句中作表语或定语。
副词 常用在动词talk、speak、shout、laugh等后面。
loudly 副词 由“loud(adj.响亮的;大声的)+-ly(副词后缀)”构成。强调声音高, 有时可与loud通用,但更具有“喧闹”地意味。
17.Try to pronounce each word correctly.(P45)
correctly adv.正确地 反义词:incorrectly不正确地
correct adj.正确的 反义词:incorrect不正确的
vt.纠正,改正
18.To my surprise, they could not understand my English, and I had to repeat myself many times.(P46)
(1)surprise n.惊奇,诧异 in surprise吃惊地
to one’s surprise令某人惊讶的是(常位于句首)
[C]意想不到的事;令人惊奇的事
(2)repeat vt. 重复;重做 vi.重复
18.I then decided to make a plan to improve my English.(P46)
(1)decide vt.决定 decide (not) to do sth.决定(不)做某事
decide+疑问词+to do
decision n.决定 make a decision做决定
(2)make a plan to do sth计划做某事(=plan to do sth)

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