新概念英语第二册Lesson 68 Persistent知识清单

资源下载
  1. 二一教育资源

新概念英语第二册Lesson 68 Persistent知识清单

资源简介

Lesson 68 Persistent
一、核心词汇
1. persistent a. 坚持的,固执的
同义词 stubborn:顽固的,固执的;坚定的,坚决的;难应付的,难处理的
例句:You are stubborn.(你这个死脑筋)
拓展 persist v. 坚持(不顾阻拦一味地坚持)
搭配:persist in doing sth.
例句:He persists in making noise.
2. avoid v. 避开
搭配:avoid sb./sth./doing 避免某事/避免做某事
练习:我们避免在这个家里提到这个名字。
We avoid mentioning this name in this house.
练习:没人能在学习一门外语的时候不犯错。
No one can avoid making mistakes while learning a foreign language.
3. insist v. 坚持认为,坚持说(是人的一种态度)
① vt. & vi. 坚持,坚决认为
搭配:insist on doing sth.(坚持做……)
例句:My brother insists on going with me.
He insists on the importance of the meeting.
② vt. & vi. 坚决主张 / 要求,一定要
例句:I insist on speaking to the manager.
My wife insists that I (should) have my hair cut.
同义词 persevere v. 坚持,坚持不懈地努力(褒义词)
搭配:persevere in sth./doing sth.
例句:We should persevere in studying English.
辨析
1. persist & insist
(1)persist & insist (v.)
★ persist in doing sth. 持续做某事
侧重 “在困难、阻碍或他人反对下,仍持续做某件事”,强调 “行动的持续性”,不涉及对 “观点/要求的强硬主张”。简单说:坚持 “做某事”(侧重行动不放弃)。
★ insist on doing sth. 坚持要做某事
侧重 “坚决主张自己的观点、要求或做法,不接受反驳”,强调 “对观点/权利的强硬坚持”,常隐含 “与他人意见冲突”。简单说:坚持 “自己的主张”(侧重观点不让步)。
练习:即使手指疼,她仍坚持练钢琴。 —— 强调 “克服疼痛继续行动”。
She persisted in practicing the piano even when her fingers hurt.
练习:尽管我都说自己付得起,他仍坚持要买单。 —— 强调 “坚持自己的‘买单主张’,不接受我的反对”。
He insisted on paying for the meal, though I told him I could afford it.
(2)persistent & insistent (adj.)
persistent a. 持续的;坚持不懈的;执意的
既可形容 “事物持续存在”,也可形容 “人克服困难坚持行动”
insistent a. 坚决要求的;固执的;反复强调的
主要形容 “人坚决主张观点/要求”,或 “事物(如声音、需求)反复出现以引起注意”
练习:持续的阴雨对他有病的膝盖很不利。
The persistent rain will do harm to his weak knees.
练习:他是个惯偷。
He was a persistent thief.
练习:我害怕他再次坚定地拒绝。
I am afraid of his insistent refusal again.
(3)persistence & insistence (n.)
persistence 坚持不懈;持续性 既可指 “人克服困难持续行动的品质”,也可指 “事物持续存在的状态”
insistence 坚决主张;固执要求 仅指 “人对自身观点、需求的强硬坚持”,或 “坚持的具体内容”
练习:她的毅力和热情帮助团队完成了这个艰巨的任务。
Her persistence and passion have helped the team to complete the difficult task.
练习:我做这事是因为你的坚持。
I did it because of your insistence.
一句话总结:
想表达 “不管多难都继续做”,用 persist in doing;
想表达 “不管别人怎么说都要按我的来”,用 insist on doing。
想形容 “事物持续存在” 或 “人克服困难坚持行动”(中性 / 积极),用 persistent;
想形容 “人坚决要求观点 / 需求” 或 “事物(因主观意图)反复出现”(偏强硬 / 负面),用 insistent。
想表达 “人克服困难的毅力” 或 “事物持续存在的状态”,用 persistence;
想表达 “人对观点 / 要求的强硬坚持”,用 insistence。
二、课文重点句型及短语
1. I crossed the street to avoid meeting him, but he saw me and came running towards me.
avoid + doing sth.(只能跟动名词/名词)
类似用法的单词有:enjoy, fancy, mind, finish...
例句:I always avoid traveling during rush hour.
He enjoys playing football.
came running towards me
“running towards me” 是现在分词短语,作状语,修饰 “came”,表示伴随状况。
同类情况如:go swimming / She ran shouting out for help。
补充:cross(v.,穿过)→ I cross the garden.;across(adv. & prep.,穿过)→ I go across the garden.
2. It was no use pretending that I had not seen him...
It is (of) no use doing...(固定结构)
“It” 是形式主语,真正的主语是动名词短语 “pretending that I had not seen him...”,含义为 “做…… 也是徒劳 / 没有用处”,“of” 可省略。
It is no use crying over the spilled milk.(覆水难收)
练习:操心你的家人是没用的。
It is (of) no use worrying about your family.
练习:惩罚他是没用的。
It is no use punishing him.
3. I never enjoy meeting Nigel Dykes. He never has anything to do.
enjoy doing sth.(喜欢做……)
同类用法:appreciate sth./doing sth.(喜欢做……)
不定式作定语
不定式 “to do” 修饰不定代词 “anything”,且不定式需放在不定代词后面。
同类搭配:anything to eat(可以吃的东西)/anything to drink(可以喝的东西)
4. No matter how busy you...
No matter + how/who/when/where/what...(让步从句)
含义为 “无论……”,引导让步从句。
练习:无论你去哪里,你不能忘了自己的名字。
No matter where you go, you can't forget your home.
练习:无论我说什么,似乎我都说错了。
No matter what I say, I seem to say the wrong thing.
5. I had to think of a way of preventing him from following me around all morning.
核心短语:think of(想出);a way of doing...(做…… 的方法);prevent ...from doing...(阻止…… 做……)
练习:如果你要去,我不会阻止你去。
I can't prevent you from going if you want to.
句子结构拆分:
主:I;谓:had to think of;宾:a way;定:of preventing him from following me around all morning
6. Would you mind my coming with you
句型对比:
Would you mind coming with me (你跟我走行吗?)
Would you mind my coming with you (我跟你走行吗?,有 “my” 后,“opening” 的逻辑主语为 “my”)
Would you mind opening the window (你把窗打开行吗?)
Would you mind my opening the window (我把窗打开行吗?)
用法总结:
“Would/Do you mind + 动名词 /if 引导的从句” 用于客气地请求或征求意见。
回答:同意 / 不介意用 “No, not at all” 或 “Certainly not”;不同意用委婉说法如 “I'm sorry, but...”,不用 “yes, I do”。
例句:Would you mind if I open the windows → Certainly not. / Sorry, but it's cold here.
动名词逻辑主语:
代词类:可用人称代词宾格或形容词性物主代词;名词类:可保持原形或变名词所有格。
作主语时必须用所有格(名词所有格、形容词性物主代词);作宾语时可用所有格或普通格(人称代词宾格)。
例句:Would you mind my parents' having dinner with me (所有格)
Would you mind me opening the door (宾语)
Would you mind my/me smoking (所有格 / 宾语)
Would you mind me making myself at home (宾语)
7. Fancy meeting you here!
含义:真想不到会在这见到你!(=Imagine meeting you here!,“fancy=imagine”,“fancy + 名词” 表惊讶)
fancy
① vt. 设想,想像
练习:设想一下汤姆对于这么简单的问题都不知道答案。
Fancy Tom not knowing the answer to such an easy question.
真想不到会在这见到你!
Fancy meeting you here!(=Imagine meeting you here!)
② v. 想要,喜欢(往往用于指个人爱好)
例句:It's a fine day and I fancy driving down to the coast.
8. You're not busy doing anything, are you
be busy doing sth.(忙着做……)
反意疑问句回答:根据事实回答
三、关键语法(Key structure):动名词的用法
1. 动词后接动名词作宾语(不能用不定式):
如想在下列动词后紧跟另一个动词,这第二个动词只能是动名词。
admit 承认,appreciate 欣赏,avoid 避免,celebrate 庆祝,consider 考虑,delay 延续,deny 否认,detest 痛恨,enjoy 喜爱,excuse 原谅,escape 逃脱,fancy 喜欢,feel like 想要,finish 完成,forgive 原谅,imagine 想像,mention 提及,mind 介意,miss 错过,postpone 推延,practice 练习,prevent 阻止,quit 放弃,resist 抵制,risk 冒险,suggest 建议,stand 容忍,put off 推延,give up 放弃,等等。
2. 固定结构接动名词:
如 busy, worth, it is no/little use, bored with, interested in, insist on, prevent...from 等。
3. 动名词的逻辑主语:
(内容同 “Would you mind my coming with you ” 中动名词逻辑主语部分)
4. come 和 go 后接动名词:
可跟与户外活动相关的动名词(climbing, driving, fishing, riding, shopping, walking 等),表建议、邀请或叙事。
例句:There's no point in my coming climbing with you.(我和你们去爬山毫无意义,“there's no point in =it is no use”)
5. 感知动词后接分词/不定式:
感知动词(hear, see, feel, watch 等)后可接 “宾语 + 分词” 或 “宾语 + 不带 to 的不定式”。现在分词强调动作正在发生,用于叙事使人身临其境;不定式表动作发生或过程结束,有时区别不大。
6. 后接动词- ing的词/结构:
介词;某些动词(avoid, enjoy, finish, fancy, imagine, escape, risk, allow, deny, appreciate, complete, delay, mind, practice, resent, risk, suggest, permit...)
短语:insist on doing, persist in doing, persevere in doing, give up doing
7. 易混淆结构:
allow+doing sth.(动名词作宾语);allow sb. to do sth.(不定式作宾语)
同类动词:advise, permit, recommend 等,如 advise sb. to do sth.;advise doing sth.
allow doing sth.(动名词作宾语) 允许做某事(不指明允许谁做)
例句:The school allows using mobile phones in the lobby.(学校允许在大厅使用手机)
allow sb. to do sth.(不定式作宾语补足语) 允许某人做某事(明确指出允许的对象)
例句:My parents allow me to watch TV after finishing homework.(我父母允许我做完作业后看电视)
advise doing sth. 建议做某事(提出一般性的建议)
例句:Doctors advise drinking more water every day.(医生建议每天多喝水)
advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事(向特定对象提出建议)
例句:The teacher advised us to review regularly.(老师建议我们定期复习)
permit doing sth. 准许做某事(官方或正式的许可)
例句:The rules permit leaving early on Fridays.(规定允许周五提前离开)
permit sb. to do sth. 准许某人做某事(允许特定人做某事)
例句:The guard permitted him to enter the building.(保安准许他进入大楼)
recommend doing sth. 推荐做某事(建议某种做法)
例句:I recommend taking the subway during rush hour.(我推荐高峰时段乘地铁)
recommend sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事(向特定人推荐做某事)
例句:She recommended me to try that new restaurant.(她建议我去试试那家新餐厅)
8. 动名词作定语:
一般前置,与修饰的名词无逻辑主谓关系,表用途。
例句:reading room(阅览室)、swimming pool(游泳池)、dining car(餐车)、sleeping car(卧车)、singing competition(歌咏比赛)、waiting room(候车室)、the developing country(发展中国家)
重点巩固练习:
1. 为什么下周日我们不去爬山呢?
Why don’t we go climbing next Sunday
2. 前些年我们常去冲浪。
We used to go surfing years ago.
3. 做你喜欢的事算不上什么,你得喜欢你所做的事。
It’s no use doing what you like. You have got to like what you do.
4. 在戏结尾时,我禁不住哭了。
I couldn’t help crying at the end of the play.
5. 这电视节目不值得一看。
The TV show isn’t worth watching.
6. 我期盼着看那些书。
I was looking forward to reading those books.
7. 汤姆对读故事书相当感兴趣。
Tom is pretty interested in reading stories.
8. 嗯,你没法读懂它们,所以想这些也没用。
Well, you can't read them, so it's no use thinking about them.
9. 这个报警器可以防止有人闯入你家。
This alarm could prevent someone from breaking your house.

展开更多......

收起↑

资源预览