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(共17张PPT)
Unit 4 Inventions
Section 2 Grammar
2024新版沪教8年级上册
on foot
started to ride horses
The wheel was invented.
a few thousand years ago
6,000 years ago
Travel methods in different periods
100,000 years ago
Thanks to the wheel, people can travel faster and farther.
It has improved people’s lives. People’s lives become better and better.
Let’s have a review of what we learnt in the last unit.
Rules 原 级 比 较 级 最 高 级
单音节词和少数双音节词 small
fast
nice
large
big
hot
easy
early
多音节词和部分双音节词 convenient
easily
smaller
smallest
一般在词尾加-er或-est
faster
fastest
nicer
nicest
larger
largest
以字母e结尾的，加-r或-st
bigger
biggest
hotter
hottest
以辅元辅结尾的重读闭音节，双写最后一个辅音字母加-er或-est
easier
easiest
earlier
earliest
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，改“y”为“i”，加-er或-est
more convenient
most convenient
more easily
most easily
在词前加more或most
Which invention has made our lives better, according to the passage
Which inventions have made our lives worse
The writer thinks the wheel has made our lives better.
According to the passage, cigarettes and plastic bags have made our lives worse.
Learn
Some comparative and superlative adjectives are irregular.
good / well
many/much
little
bad(ly) / ill
old
far
Adjective Comparative adjectives Superlative adjectives
年龄
辈份
距离
程度
better
best
more
most
worse
worst
older
oldest
elder
eldest
farther
farthest
further
furthest
less
least
Which food is a better/worse choice
Which food is the best/worst choice
Practise
better
worse
best
worst
Who has __ __(little) money, Alice or Eric
Daisy
Who has _______________(little) money, Alice, Eric or Daisy
Alice
Eric
less
the least
Who has ____________(many) money, Alice or Eric
more
Who has ________________(many) money, Alice, Eric or Daisy
the most
Presentation
Listen to a song and fill in the blanks.
As sly as a fox,
as _______ as an ox.
As ______ as a hare,
as ______ as a bear.
As ______ as a bird,
as neat as a word.
As ______ as a mouse,
as______ as a house.
strong
fast
brave
free
quiet
big
We use (not) as …as with the basic form of adjectives to compare things and people.
Presentation
Read the sentences below and pay attention to the words in bold.
1. With electric lights, people can do as many things in the evenings as they can in the day time.
2. A candle does not produce as much light as a light bulb.
We use (not) as…as with many + the plural form of a countable noun or much + an uncountable noun to compare amounts.
Presentation
Read the sentences below and pay attention to the words in bold.
1. With electric lights, people can do as many things in the evenings as they can in the day time.
2. A candle does not produce as much light as a light bulb.
We use (not) as…as with many + the plural form of a countable noun or much + an uncountable noun to compare amounts.
Presentation
1. Peter is not as/so strong as Sam.
2. I don’t run as/so quickly as you.
3. Vegetable is not as/so delicious as meat.
Tom is less strong than Lilei
I run less quickly than you.
Vegetable is less delicious than meat.
如何表达甲在某方面不如乙？
1. not as （so）+形容词或副词原级+as
2. Less +形容词或副词原形+than
Early computers were as big as a room.
With electric lights, people can do as many things in the evenings as they can in the daytime.
A candle does not produce as much light as a light bulb.
A + be + as + adj. + as +B A + be +not as/so + adj. + as +B
A + v.+ as + much +不可数名词+ as +B
A + v. + as + many + 可数名词复数 + as + B
Observe and summarize
best
better
as important as
worse
Practise
The new park is __________________ (good) than the old one.
She did __________________ (badly) in the exam than the others in the group.
He can jump __________________ (far) than his brother.
This is __________________ (good) movie I’ve ever seen.
This is __________________ (bad) mistake I have ever made!
The city has three airports, and the new one is __________________ (far) from the city.
This problem is as __________________ (easy) as that one.
She runs as __________________ (quick) as her brother.
She is __________________ (happy) today than she was yesterday.
This movie is __________________ (interesting) than the one we watched last week.
More practice
用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。
better
worse
farther / further
the best
the worst
the farthest / furthest
easy
quickly
happier
more interesting
More practice
阅读短文，用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。
Invention have made our lives much ________________(good). Here are some examples!
The wheel is one of ______________ __(important) inventions of all time. It allows people to travel ________________(far). It also makes ________________(fast) transport of goods and people possible.
We all have light bulbs at home. They make our homes and offices ________________(bright), and they allow us to do more things at night. In the past, people used candles. Back then, it was very hard to read in the evening. Nowadays, thanks to light bulbs, it is much ________________(easy)! Light bulbs also last much ________________(long) than candles.
Smartphones are now________________(powerful) than ever before. They make our lives ________________(convenient). For example, they make it ________________(simple) to work and communicate. They also bring us lots of exciting entertainment.
Which is ________________(good) invention of all time We would love to hear your thoughts!
better
the most important
farther / further
faster
brighter
easier
longer
more powerful
more convenient
simpler
the best
变化规则（规律，不规律）
形容词、副词
比较级
最高级
句式结构
Summary
特殊用法
good, well, bad, many, much, little, far, old
A + v. + 比较级+ than + B
the +形容词比较级， the+形容词比较级
A + v. + 最高级+ in/of
A + v. + as + 原级 + as + B
Homework
基础作业
1.熟练朗读课本第57页的全部内容。
2.用形容词good、bad、far的比较级和最高级不规则变化和(not) as ... as ...的结构各写一句话。
拓展作业
在生活中，有些发明的用途是类似的，找到两个或几个用途相似的发明，例如自行车、摩托车、小轿车等交通工具，从不同方面对比这两个或几个发明，写一篇60词左右的文章。中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 4 语法课教案
教材：2024新版沪教版八年级上册
单元：Unit 4 Inventions
课题：形容词的比较级和最高级不规则变化与 (not) as...as 结构
课型：语法课
课时：1课时 (45分钟)
一、教学目标
1. 语言能力目标：
- 能够掌握形容词比较级和最高级的规则与不规则变化形式。
- 能够理解并运用 `(not) as + 形容词原级 + as` 结构对人或事物进行同级比较。
- 能在描述发明创造等语境中，正确使用上述语法结构进行表达和比较。
2. 学习能力目标：
- 通过观察、归纳和总结，自主发现并掌握语法规则。
- 通过小组合作和任务型活动，提升在真实情境中综合运用语法知识的能力。
3. 思维品质目标：
- 通过对不同发明的比较，培养辩证思考和综合分析的能力。
二、教学重难点
- 重点：
1. 形容词比较级和最高级的不规则变化（good/well → better → best; bad/ill → worse → worst; many/much → more → most; little → less → least; far → farther/further → farthest/furthest）。
2. `(not) as + 形容词原级 + as` 结构的基本用法。
- 难点：
1. 在不同语境中准确选择并使用正确的比较形式（规则 vs. 不规则）。
2. `(not) as...as` 结构与比较级结构的语义区分。
3. `far` 两种比较级和最高级形式（farther/farthest 表距离；further/furthest 表程度）的细微差别。
三、教学准备
多媒体课件、单词卡片、实物或图片（用于比较）、任务卡片
四、教学过程
Step 1: 导入与回顾 - Lead-in & Review (5-7 mins)
1. 情境导入：利用PPT中的“交通方式演变”图片，引导学生描述变化。
- 教师提问："How did people travel 100,000 years ago How about now "
- 引导学生使用已学知识回答："People traveled slower in the past. Now we travel faster."
2. 目标引导：教师总结并引出本课目标——“今天我们要学习更多关于比较的表达式，包括一些特殊的变化，以及如何说‘和……一样’。”
Step 2: 呈现与讲解 - Presentation & Explanation (15 mins)
第一部分：形容词的比较级和最高级（不规则变化）
1. 图表归纳：展示PPT中的不规则变化表格，引导学生观察、跟读、记忆。
- 采用“口诀记忆法”帮助学生记忆：
"好'更好''最好' (good-better-best)，坏'更坏''最坏' (bad-worse-worst)；
多'更多''最多' (many/much-more-most)，少'更少''最少' (little-less-least)；
远'更远''最远' (far-farther-farthest/further-furthest)，老'更老''最老' (old-older-oldest/elder-eldest)。"
- 强调 `farther` 和 `further` 的区别（距离 vs. 程度）。
2. 情境操练：利用PPT中的“食物选择”和“谁的钱多/少”图表，进行口头句型操练。
- "Which food is a better/worse choice " "...is the best/worst choice."
- "Who has more/less money " "Who has the most/the least money "
第二部分：同级比较 -(not) as...as-
1. 歌曲感知：播放/朗读PPT中的歌曲填空，让学生初步感知 `as...as` 结构。
- "as strong as an ox", "as fast as a hare"...
2. 观察总结：
- 展示核心例句：
- `Early computers were as big as a room.` (A + be + as + adj. + as + B)
- `A candle does not produce as much light as a light bulb.` (A + do + not + v. + as much + 不可数名词 + as + B)
- 引导学生总结结构：(not) as + 形容词原级 + as。
- 补充说明：`not as...as` = `less...than`（后者更正式）。
Step 3: 巩固练习 - Practice (15 mins)
分层练习，循序渐进
1. 控制性练习 - 单词填空：
- 完成PPT上的“用所给词的适当形式填空”练习。
- 例如：She did ______ (badly) in the exam... → worse
- 教师核对答案，并引导学生解释原因，巩固规则。
2. 半控制性练习 - 语篇填空：
- 完成PPT上的短文填空《Inventions have made our lives...》。
- 此练习综合考察学生对规则、不规则变化及语境的理解。
3. 小组活动 - 句子改写：
- 提供句子，要求用 `(not) as...as` 结构改写。
- 例：This box is heavy. That box is light. → This box is not as light as that box.
Step 4: 产出与应用 - Production & Application (8 mins)
任务：最佳发明评选
1. 活动要求：小组选择2-3项发明（如：自行车、智能手机、书本、电灯）。
2. 语言要求：
- 使用比较级和最高级说明哪项发明更好/更重要。
- 使用 `(not) as...as` 结构比较不同发明的某些特性。
- 至少说出5个包含目标语法结构的句子。
3. 展示与评价：邀请小组展示他们的讨论结果，其他同学和教师从语法运用的准确性和丰富性方面给予评价。
Step 5: 总结与作业 - Summary & Homework (2 mins)
1. 课堂总结：师生共同回顾黑板上的核心内容，再次强调不规则变化和 `(not) as...as` 结构。
2. 布置作业：
- 基础作业：完成PPT上要求的造句和练习。
- 拓展作业：写一篇60词左右的短文，比较两种用途相似的发明（如：自行车 vs. 电动车），要求使用本课所学的比较结构。
五、板书设计
Unit 4 Grammar: Comparing Things（形容词的比较等级）
一、Comparative & Superlative Adjectives (比较级&最高级)
二、(Not) as...as (同级比较)
1. 肯定: A + be/v. + as + adj. + as + B
- e.g., She is as tall as me.
- e.g., I have as many books as you.
2. 否定: A + be/do + not + as + adj. + as + B = A + be/do + less + adj. + than + B
- e.g., This car is not as expensive as that one.
- e.g., He does not run as fast as I.
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