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冀教版 必修2 Unit 1 Family.词汇拓展短语背记（二）
序号 短语或句型 意思 例句（中英对照）
1 graduate from 从……毕业 1. She graduated from Peking University with a major in Chinese last year.（她去年从北京大学中文系毕业。）2. His elder brother graduated from a famous medical school and now works in a hospital.（他哥哥从一所著名医学院毕业，现在在医院工作。）
2 graduate college 大学毕业 1. He plans to graduate college next summer and apply for a master’s program.（他计划明年夏天大学毕业，然后申请硕士项目。）2. After graduating college, she wants to work as a teacher in her hometown.（大学毕业后，她想回家乡当老师。）
3 graduate with a degree 获得学位毕业 1. He graduated with a degree in engineering, which helped him get a good job.（他获得工程学学位毕业，这帮助他找到了一份好工作。）2. My sister graduated with a degree in English literature and now writes for a magazine.（我姐姐获得英国文学学位毕业，现在为一家杂志撰稿。）
4 formal dress 正装 1. You need to wear formal dress like a suit or a dress to attend the wedding.（参加这场婚礼，你需要穿西装或连衣裙这类正装。）2. The school requires students to wear formal dress for the graduation ceremony.（学校要求学生穿正装参加毕业典礼。）
5 formal meeting 正式会议 1. The company will hold a formal meeting next Monday to discuss the new project.（公司下周一将召开正式会议，讨论新项目。）2. The principal attended a formal meeting with local education officials yesterday.（校长昨天和当地教育官员参加了一场正式会议。）
6 formal language 正式语言 1. Use formal language in business emails instead of casual words like “hey”.（商务邮件中要用正式语言，不要用“hey”这类口语化词汇。）2. The teacher told us to use formal language when writing academic essays.（老师让我们写学术作文时使用正式语言。）
7 rather than 而不是 1. I prefer to walk to school rather than take the bus, as it’s good for health.（我宁愿走路去上学，而不是坐公交，因为这样有益健康。）2. She decided to spend her weekend reading rather than going shopping.（她决定周末看书，而不是去购物。）
8 would rather do sth 宁愿做某事 1. He would rather stay at home and watch documentaries than play video games.（他宁愿在家看纪录片，也不愿玩电子游戏。）2. My mother would rather cook at home than eat out, because home-cooked food is healthier.（妈妈宁愿在家做饭，也不愿出去吃，因为家常菜更健康。）
9 rather cold 相当冷 1. It’s rather cold outside today, so don’t forget to wear a thick coat.（今天外面相当冷，别忘了穿厚外套。）2. The wind made the weather rather cold, even though it was sunny.（尽管是晴天，风却让天气变得相当冷。）
10 earn money 挣钱 1. He earns money by working as a part-time tutor in his spare time.（他利用空闲时间当兼职家教挣钱。）2. Her parents earn money by running a small restaurant in the community.（她父母靠在社区开小餐馆挣钱。）
11 earn respect 赢得尊重 1. Honest and hard-working people always earn respect from others.（诚实勤奋的人总能赢得他人的尊重。）2. He earned respect from his classmates by helping those who fell behind in study.（他通过帮助学习落后的同学，赢得了同学们的尊重。）
12 earn a living 谋生 1. Many artists earn a living by selling their paintings and handmade works.（许多艺术家靠卖画和手工艺品谋生。）2. His grandfather earned a living as a farmer when he was young.（他爷爷年轻时靠种地谋生。）
13 appreciate sth 感激某事 1. I really appreciate your help in fixing my computer—it saved me a lot of time.（非常感激你帮我修电脑，省了我很多时间。）2. She appreciated the teacher’s encouragement, which gave her confidence to keep trying.（她感激老师的鼓励，这给了她继续努力的信心。）
14 appreciate doing sth 感激做某事 1. We appreciate you coming to our school to give a speech about career planning.（感激您来我们学校做职业规划的演讲。）2. The host appreciated all guests joining the charity dinner to help poor children.（主办方感激所有嘉宾参加慈善晚宴，帮助贫困儿童。）
15 I would appreciate it if... 如果……我会很感激 1. I would appreciate it if you could lend me your English dictionary for a few days.（如果你能把英语词典借我用几天，我会很感激。）2. She would appreciate it if the teacher could give her some advice on writing.（如果老师能给她一些写作建议，她会很感激。）
16 ensure sth 确保某事 1. Please ensure the door is locked before you leave the classroom.（离开教室前，请确保门已锁好。）2. The manager checked the equipment to ensure everything was in good condition.（经理检查了设备，确保一切正常。）
17 ensure to do sth 确保做某事 1. We must ensure to finish the group project before the deadline.（我们必须确保在截止日期前完成小组项目。）2. Parents should ensure to spend quality time with their children every day.（父母应该确保每天都有高质量的时间陪伴孩子。）
18 ensure that... 确保……（从句） 1. She ensured that all the children in the village got enough food during the flood.（洪水期间，她确保村里所有孩子都有足够的食物。）2. The school ensured that every student had access to online courses during the pandemic.（疫情期间，学校确保每个学生都能上在线课程。）
19 make a sacrifice 做出牺牲（n.） 1. Parents often make great sacrifices for their children’s education.（父母常为孩子的教育做出巨大牺牲。）2. He made a sacrifice of his spare time to help his classmates with math.（他牺牲自己的空闲时间，帮同学补数学。）
20 sacrifice sth for sb 为某人牺牲某物（v.） 1. She sacrificed her promising career for her family when her husband got sick.（丈夫生病时，她为家庭牺牲了自己前景光明的事业。）2. The soldier sacrificed his life for the country, which made everyone respect him.（士兵为国家牺牲了生命，所有人都很敬重他。）
21 sacrifice time 牺牲时间（v.） 1. He sacrificed his weekends to practice for the school sports meeting.（他牺牲周末时间为校运动会训练。）2. My teacher often sacrifices her lunchtime to answer students’ questions.（我的老师经常牺牲午餐时间回答学生的问题。）
22 give a definition 给出定义 1. The teacher asked us to give a definition of “success” in our own words.（老师让我们用自己的话给“成功”下定义。）2. When writing the essay, you need to give a clear definition of the key term first.（写作文时，你需要先给关键术语下清晰的定义。）
23 definition of sth 某物的定义 1. Can you tell me the exact definition of this medical term I can’t find it in the dictionary.（你能告诉我这个医学术语的确切定义吗？我在字典里没查到。）2. The definition of “happiness” varies from person to person.（“幸福”的定义因人而异。）
24 clear definition 清晰的定义 1. This textbook provides a clear definition of each grammar rule, which helps beginners learn easily.（这本课本对每条语法规则都给出了清晰的定义，方便初学者学习。）2. The speaker started with a clear definition of the topic to avoid misunderstanding.（演讲者从话题的清晰定义开始，避免误解。）
25 hot topic 热门话题 1. Environmental protection has become a hot topic among students recently.（环境保护最近成了学生中的热门话题。）2. The discussion about online education is a hot topic in many parent groups.（关于在线教育的讨论是许多家长群里的热门话题。）
26 topic of conversation 谈话话题 1. The weather is a common topic of conversation when people meet for the first time.（人们初次见面时，天气是常见的谈话话题。）2. They talked about their favorite movies—this was their favorite topic of conversation.（他们聊起了喜欢的电影，这是他们最喜欢的谈话话题。）
27 choose a topic 选择一个题目 1. Students need to choose a topic related to daily life for their English composition.（学生需要为英语作文选择一个与日常生活相关的题目。）2. She spent an hour choosing a topic for her science project, finally deciding on “plant growth”.（她花了一小时为科学项目选题目，最终选定“植物生长”。）
28 happy marriage 幸福的婚姻 1. They have a happy marriage of 30 years, and they still hold hands when walking.（他们有一段30年的幸福婚姻，走路时仍会手牵手。）2. A happy marriage requires trust and mutual understanding between husband and wife.（幸福的婚姻需要夫妻间的信任和相互理解。）
29 marriage ceremony 结婚仪式 1. We attended their marriage ceremony last month—it was held in a small church.（我们上个月参加了他们的结婚仪式，仪式在一座小教堂举行。）2. The marriage ceremony was simple but warm, with only family and close friends present.（结婚仪式简单却温馨，只有家人和密友在场。）
30 enter into marriage 结婚 1. They decided to enter into marriage after dating for 5 years, as they knew each other well.（他们恋爱5年后决定结婚，因为彼此非常了解。）2. Before entering into marriage, they discussed their future plans carefully.（结婚前，他们仔细讨论了未来的计划。）
31 former teacher 以前的老师 1. My former English teacher still keeps in touch with me and asks about my study.（我以前的英语老师仍和我保持联系，询问我的学习情况。）2. She met her former math teacher on the street yesterday—they talked for a long time.（昨天她在街上遇到了以前的数学老师，聊了很久。）
32 the former 前者（与the latter对应） 1. Of the two books, the former is about history and the latter is about science.（两本书中，前者关于历史，后者关于科学。）2. He has two hobbies: reading and playing basketball. The former helps him relax, and the latter keeps him fit.（他有两个爱好：读书和打篮球。前者帮他放松，后者让他保持健康。）
33 former president 前总统 1. The former president gave a speech at the university about global peace last week.（上周前总统在这所大学发表了关于全球和平的演讲。）2. The former president of the company donated a lot of money to build schools in poor areas.（这家公司的前总裁捐了很多钱在贫困地区建学校。）
34 adopt a child 收养孩子 1. The kind couple decided to adopt a child after learning there were many orphans.（这对善良的夫妇了解到有很多孤儿后，决定收养一个孩子。）2. They went through a lot of procedures to adopt a child from the orphanage.（他们办理了很多手续，从孤儿院收养了一个孩子。）
35 adopt a policy 采用政策 1. The government adopted a new policy to help farmers sell their products online.（政府采用了一项新政策，帮助农民网上销售农产品。）2. Our school adopted a policy of no homework on weekends to reduce students’ burden.（我们学校采用了周末无作业的政策，减轻学生负担。）
36 adopt an idea 采纳意见 1. The manager adopted his team’s idea of improving customer service, which worked well.（经理采纳了团队改善客户服务的意见，效果很好。）2. After discussing, the class adopted her idea of holding a charity sale.（讨论后，全班采纳了她举办慈善义卖的意见。）
37 be familiar with 某人熟悉某物 1. I am familiar with this song because my mom often sings it at home.（我熟悉这首歌，因为妈妈经常在家唱。）2. He is familiar with the rules of the game, so he can teach us how to play.（他熟悉这个游戏的规则，可以教我们怎么玩。）
38 be familiar to 某物为某人所熟悉 1. This story is familiar to most children, as it’s often told by their parents.（这个故事为大多数孩子所熟悉，因为父母经常讲。）2. The old building is familiar to the locals—it has been there for over 100 years.（这座老建筑为当地人所熟悉，已经存在100多年了。）
39 familiar face 熟悉的面孔 1. I saw a familiar face in the crowd, but I couldn’t remember his name.（我在人群中看到一张熟悉的面孔，但记不起他的名字。）2. When I entered the classroom, I was happy to see many familiar faces.（走进教室时，看到很多熟悉的面孔，我很开心。）
40 abuse children 虐待儿童 1. It’s illegal to abuse children, and those who do so will be punished by law.（虐待儿童是违法的，违者将受到法律制裁。）2. The government has set up hotlines to help children who are abused.（政府设立了热线，帮助受虐待的儿童。）
41 abuse power 滥用权力 1. Some officials were caught abusing their power to get money, and they lost their jobs.（一些官员因滥用权力敛财被查处，丢掉了工作。）2. We should supervise those in power to prevent them from abusing power.（我们应该监督掌权者，防止他们滥用权力。）
42 verbal abuse 言语辱骂（n.） 1. Verbal abuse can hurt people’s feelings deeply, even more than physical harm.（言语辱骂会深深伤害人的感情，甚至比身体伤害更严重。）2. Teachers tell students not to use verbal abuse when arguing with classmates.（老师告诉学生和同学争吵时不要用言语辱骂。）
43 spoil the plan 破坏计划 1. His sudden illness spoiled our plan to go hiking this weekend.（他突然生病，破坏了我们这周末去徒步的计划。）2. The heavy rain spoiled the school’s plan of holding the sports meeting outdoors.（大雨破坏了学校在户外举办运动会的计划。）
44 spoil children 溺爱孩子 1. Don’t spoil your children by giving them everything they want—it will make them selfish.（别满足孩子所有要求来溺爱他们，这会让他们变得自私。）2. Her parents spoiled her when she was young, so she doesn’t know how to take care of herself.（她小时候父母溺爱她，所以她不知道怎么照顾自己。）
45 spoil the mood 破坏心情 1. The bad news about his exam spoiled his holiday mood.（考试失利的坏消息破坏了他的假期心情。）2. Don’t talk about sad things at the party—it will spoil everyone’s mood.（别在派对上聊伤心事，会破坏大家的心情。）
46 kneel down 跪下 1. She knelt down to tie her shoelace when it came loose while walking.（走路时鞋带松了，她跪下系鞋带。）2. The little boy knelt down to pick up the small cat that fell from the tree.（小男孩跪下抱起从树上掉下来的小猫。）
47 kneel beside sb 跪在某人旁边 1. He knelt beside the injured old man and asked if he needed help.（他跪在受伤的老人旁边，问是否需要帮忙。）2. The nurse knelt beside the sick child to comfort her.（护士跪在生病的孩子旁边安慰她。）
48 kneel in prayer 跪着祈祷 1. Many people knelt in prayer in the church to ask for peace.（许多人在教堂里跪着祈祷，祈求和平。）2. Her grandmother often kneels in prayer before going to bed.（她奶奶睡前经常跪着祈祷。）
49 anticipate sth 期盼某事 1. We anticipate good results from the new teaching method we tried.（我们期盼尝试的新教学方法能有好效果。）2. The company anticipates more orders next year, so it’s hiring more workers.（公司期盼明年订单增多，所以正在招聘更多员工。）
50 anticipate doing sth 期盼做某事 1. She anticipates meeting her grandparents during the Spring Festival.（她期盼春节期间见到爷爷奶奶。）2. He anticipates traveling to Japan with his family next summer.（他期盼明年夏天和家人去日本旅行。）
51 anticipate that... 期盼……（从句） 1. We anticipate that the problem of traffic jams will be solved with the new subway line.（我们期盼新地铁线路开通后，交通拥堵问题能得到解决。）2. The teacher anticipates that all students will pass the exam with hard work.（老师期盼所有学生通过努力都能通过考试。）
52 red lantern 红灯笼 1. Red lanterns are hung on the streets everywhere during the Spring Festival in China.（中国春节期间，街上到处挂着红灯笼。）2. She made a red lantern with paper and bamboo for the school’s cultural activity.（她用纸和竹子做了一个红灯笼，参加学校的文化活动。）
53 Lantern Festival 元宵节 1. People eat yuanxiao and watch lantern shows on Lantern Festival.（人们在元宵节吃元宵、看灯展。）2. Our school held a lantern-making competition to celebrate Lantern Festival.（我们学校举办了制灯笼比赛，庆祝元宵节。）
54 carry a lantern 提灯笼 1. Children like to carry colorful lanterns and play in the street on Lantern Festival.（元宵节时，孩子们喜欢提着彩色灯笼在街上玩。）2. He helped his little sister carry her lantern so she wouldn’t drop it.（他帮妹妹提灯笼，免得她摔了。）
55 worship God 崇拜上帝 1. Christians usually worship God in church on Sundays.（基督徒通常周日在教堂崇拜上帝。）2. She learned to worship God from her parents when she was young.（她小时候从父母那里学会了崇拜上帝。）
56 worship ancestors 祭拜祖先 1. Many Chinese families worship ancestors during the Tomb-Sweeping Day.（许多中国家庭在清明节祭拜祖先。）2. They prepared fruits and flowers to worship their ancestors on New Year’s Eve.（除夕夜，他们准备了水果和鲜花祭拜祖先。）
57 worship blindly 盲目崇拜 1. We should not worship famous people blindly—we need to see their shortcomings too.（我们不应盲目崇拜名人，也要看到他们的缺点。）2. The teacher told us to think independently and not worship authority blindly.（老师让我们独立思考，不要盲目崇拜权威。）
58 kowtow to sb 向某人磕头 1. In ancient China, people kowtowed to the emperor to show respect.（中国古代，人们向皇帝磕头表示尊敬。）2. He kowtowed to his parents to thank them for their care over the years.（他向父母磕头，感谢他们多年的照顾。）
59 kowtow in respect 恭敬地磕头 1. The young man kowtowed in respect to the elderly scholar when asking for advice.（年轻人向老学者请教时，恭敬地磕了头。）2. They kowtowed in respect to the ancestors before the family dinner.（家庭聚餐前，他们恭敬地向祖先磕头。）
60 kowtow to tradition 遵从传统而磕头 1. Some rural families still kowtow to tradition during important festivals.（一些农村家庭在重要节日仍遵从传统磕头。）2. He chose to kowtow to tradition, even though he didn’t fully understand it.（尽管不完全理解，他还是选择遵从传统磕头。）
61 pay extra 额外付费 1. If you want a room with a sea view, you need to pay extra 200 yuan per night.（如果想要海景房，每晚需要额外付费200元。）2. This restaurant charges extra for drinks, so you need to pay extra if you order juice.（这家餐厅饮品另收费，点果汁需要额外付费。）
62 work extra 额外工作 1. She often works extra hours to finish her work, so she can have weekends free.（她经常额外工作几小时完成任务，这样周末就能休息。）2. The workers had to work extra to meet the production deadline.（工人们不得不额外工作，以赶上生产截止日期。）
63 extra money 额外的钱（adj.） 1. He saved some extra money from his part-time job to buy a new bike.（他从兼职收入中存了些额外的钱，用来买新自行车。）2. My mom gives me extra money if I help with housework on weekends.（如果我周末帮忙做家务，妈妈会给我额外的钱。）
64 one billion 十亿 1. The population of China is over one billion, making it the most populous country.（中国人口超过十亿，是世界上人口最多的国家。）2. This company invested one billion yuan in developing new technology.（这家公司投入十亿元研发新技术。）
65 billions of 数十亿的 1. Billions of stars shine brightly in the sky on a clear night.（晴朗的夜晚，数十亿颗星星在天空中闪耀。）2. Billions of people around the world use the Internet every day.（全世界数十亿人每天使用互联网。）
66 two billion people 二十亿人 1. About two billion people in the world don’t have access to clean drinking water.（世界上约二十亿人无法获得干净的饮用水。）2. This popular app has been downloaded by over two billion people.（这款热门应用的下载量已超过二十亿次。）
67 collect data 收集数据 1. Scientists spent two years collecting data on the migration of birds.（科学家花了两年时间收集鸟类迁徙的数据。）2. We need to collect data from students to know their opinions on the new school rule.（我们需要从学生那里收集数据，了解他们对新校规的看法。）
68 data analysis 数据分析 1. Data analysis helps us find out the reasons for the decline in sales.（数据分析帮助我们找出销量下降的原因。）2. He learned data analysis skills in college, which helped him get a job in a tech company.（他在大学学了数据分析技能，这帮助他在科技公司找到了工作。）
69 latest data 最新数据 1. The report is based on the latest data from the government, so it’s very reliable.（这份报告基于政府的最新数据，非常可靠。）2. The teacher showed us the latest data on global warming in class.（老师在课堂上给我们看了全球变暖的最新数据。）
70 natural phenomenon 自然现象 1. Rainbow is a beautiful natural phenomenon caused by sunlight and water droplets.（彩虹是由阳光和水滴形成的美丽自然现象。）2. Earthquakes and volcanoes are natural phenomena that we can’t control.（地震和火山是我们无法控制的自然现象。）
71 social phenomenon 社会现象 1. Online shopping is a common social phenomenon in modern society.（网购是现代社会常见的社会现象。）2. The increase in single-person households is a new social phenomenon in many cities.（单身家庭增多是许多城市的新社会现象。）
72 strange phenomenon 奇怪的现象 1. Scientists are studying this strange phenomenon where plants grow faster at night.（科学家正在研究植物夜间生长更快的奇怪现象。）2. People reported a strange phenomenon of lights in the sky last night.（昨晚有人报告天空中出现了奇怪的光现象。）
73 reverse direction 相反方向 1. The driver suddenly turned in the reverse direction, almost causing an accident.（司机突然朝相反方向转弯，差点引发事故。）2. Please walk in the reverse direction—this path is for people going up.（请往相反方向走，这条道是上行的。）
74 reverse order 倒序 1. The teacher asked us to list the events of the story in reverse order.（老师让我们按倒序列出故事中的事件。）2. He sorted the documents in reverse order, from the newest to the oldest.（他把文件按倒序整理，从最新的到最旧的。）
75 reverse effect 相反效果 1. The medicine had a reverse effect on him—his illness got worse instead of better.（这种药对他产生了相反效果，病情没有好转反而加重了。）2. Too much praise may have a reverse effect, making children overconfident.（过多的表扬可能产生相反效果，让孩子过于自信。）

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