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Unit 13
We’re trying to save the earth!
Section A Grammar Focus~4c
学习目标
1
2
在语境中理解、识记并运用本课时词汇：take part in, afford, turn off, reusable, pay for, take action等；
正确区分和使用以下语法结构：现在进行时、used to、被动语态、现在完成时、情态动词。
It is suffering from pollution.
What’s happening to the earth
新课讲授
The river used to be clean.
However, it is badly polluted.
Even the bottom of the river was full of rubbish.
What caused the water pollution ？
People are throwing rubbish to the river.
Factories are putting waste into the river.
What should we do to save the earth
The government has taken actions.
Some laws are developed to stop the pollution.
Everyone should take part in saving the earth.
We’re trying to save the earth. Present progressive
The river used to be so clean. used to
The air is badly polluted. Passive voice
No scientific studies have shown that shark fins are good for health. Present perfect
We should help save the sharks. Modal verbs
Grammar Focus
1.什么时候用现在进行时？
2.现在进行时的结构是什么？
3.现在进行时的标志性词语有哪些？
4.现在分词的构成规则有哪些？
1.Be quite, please. The baby is sleeping.
2.Look! Kenny is swimming happily
in the pool.
3.Now people are taking action animals.
Let's join them.
4.Listen to carefully please. I am talking
about something very important.
现在进行时: Present progressive
现在进行时
基本
结构
基本
用法
标志词
be (am, is, are) + v.-ing
说话瞬间正在进行或发生的动作
现阶段或当前一段时间之内正在进行的动作
now, look, listen, right now等
动词-ing形式的构成
一般情况下，在动词词尾后加-ing。如：go → going
以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉e加 -ing。如: have → having
以重读闭音节结尾的动词，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加 -ing。
如：stop → stopping
Practice
1. Look! Some old people ________ in the park.
A. sings B. sing C. are singing
2. —Don’t make noise! The children ________online.
—Sorry, I won’t.
A. studies B. are studying
C. studied D. were studying
3. —Peter, what are you doing
—Oh, I ________ a report about national heroes.
A. will write B. am writing
C. wrote D. have written
1. used to 表示什么意思？后接什么？
2.used to 句型的否定句和一般疑问句的形式是什么？
3.used to 和 be used to 的区别？
1. James used to wake up late, but
now he gets up very early.
2. Did Cherry use to live in Shanghai when she was a child
used to do & be used to doing
used to do sth. 过去常常做某事(而现在不做了)
1) 否定句式：didn’t use to do sth.
2) 一般疑问句式：Did + 主语 + use to do sth.
3) 附加疑问句式： …, didn’t +主语
e.g. He used to eat shark fin soup.
He didn’t use to eat shark fin soup.
He used to eat shark fin soup, didn’t he
be used to (doing) sth. 习惯于(做)某事
e.g. I’m used to walking to school now.
我现在习惯步行去学校。
The city is hot and wet and I have been used to it.
这座城市又热又潮湿，而我已经习惯了这里。
used to do & be used to doing
Practice
1.You used _________ (go) to school by bike，didn't you
2. 我习惯于晚饭后打篮球。
I ____ ____ ____ _____basketball after dinner.
3.这种小刀是用来切东西的。
This kind of knife ____ ____ ____ ____ things.
4.He used to spend much time playing computer games.（改一般疑问句）
____ ____ ____ ____ ____ much time playing computer games
to go
am used to playing
are used to cut
Did he use to spend
1. 主动语态和被动语态有什么区别？
2.被动语态的构成是什么？
3.一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时和情态动词的被动语态结构分别是什么？
1. Photos and experiences are shared on the microblog.
2.The video was sent our quickly and was seen by many schoolmates.
3. In the future, robots will be used
by more and more people.
被动语态：Passive voice
被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者
谓语动词 be (not) + done (V-ed)
被动
语态
肯定句：主语 + be + V-ed (+ by…).
否定句：主语 + be + not + V-ed (+by…).
一般疑问句：Be + 主语 + V-ed (+by…)
特殊疑问句：疑问词 + be + 主语 + V-ed (+by…)
结构
定义
构成
Summary
时态 主动语态
一般现在时 do/does
一般过去时 did
一般将来时 will/shall/be going to + do
现在完成时 have/has done
现在进行时 am/is/are doing
过去进行时 was/were doing
被动语态
am/is/are + done
was/were + done
will/shall/be going to + be + done
have/has + been done
am/is/are + being done
was/were + being done
用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. The Secondary School Entrance Exam _______ (hold) in June.
2. A strange noise __________ (hear) by his mother last night.
3. A wide road _____________ (build) between the two villages by those people next year.
4.Actions should_________(take) to protect the earth.
is held
was heard
will be built
be taken
一般现在时
一般过去时
一般将来时
情态动词
Practice
1. 现在完成时态的用法有哪些？
2.现在完成时的结构是什么？
3.现在完成时的标志词有哪些？
4.过去分词有哪些构成规则？
1. He has kept this book for over 2
months. Please ask him to return it soon.
2. We have lived here since my little
sister was born. I like the people here.
3. Have you ever been to Australia It is
a beautiful country.
4. He has already tried this to solve the
problem, but it didn't work.
现在完成时: Present perfect
现在完成时表示过去发生的动作与现在有关，指过去的动作对现在造成的影响、结果等。
already, yet, for+时间段, since+时间点
现在完成时
肯定句：主语 + have/has + V-ed + 其他.
否定句：主语 + haven't/hasn't + V-ed + 其他.
一般疑问句：Have/Has + 主语 + V-ed + …？
肯定答语：Yes, 主格代词 + have/has.
否定答语：No, 主格代词 + haven't/hasn't.
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
结构
定义
标志词
过去分词构成规则
一般情况下，在动词后加-ed。如: work → worked。
在以e结尾的动词后只加 -d。如: close → closed。
在以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y改为i再加ed。如: study → studied。
以重读闭音节结尾的动词，要双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ed。如: stop → stopped。
不规则动词的过去分词: AAA型 put put put
AAB型 beat beat beaten
ABA型 become became become
ABB型 get got got/gotten
ABC型 begin began begun
一般过去时 vs 现在完成时①
I just my lunch.
我刚吃过午饭。（现在不饿）
I my lunch in the dining hall.
我是在餐厅吃的午饭。
一般过去时单纯描述过去发生的动作。
现在完成时表示过去发生的动作与现在有关，指过去的动作对现在造成的影响、结果等。
had
have had
一般过去时 vs 现在完成时②
他离开上海已经3天了。
He has left Shanghai for three days.
He Shanghai for three days.
It three days since he left Shanghai.
Three days since he left Shanghai.
He Shanghai three days ago.
has been away from
is/has been
has passed
left
短暂性动词的肯定式不能与表示一段
时间的for或since或how long等状语连用.
短暂性动词
Practice
1.In the past few years, great changes__________ (take) place in Lianyungang.
2.I ___________ (not read) the book Little Women yet, but I'll let you read it first.
3.He ____________(not come) yet. What do you think has happened to him
4.They __________________ (marry) for fifty years.
5.Linda__________(live) here since she was five years old.
has taken
haven’t read
hasn’t come
have been married
has lived
for+一段时间
since+过去时间点/从句（一般过去时）
6.I _______ to the West Lake four times, but I will go there again this summer.
A．have gone B．have been C．had gone
7.—Where is Mr. Brown
—He ________ Australia. He ________ there last year.
A．has been to; has been B．has been to; has gone C．has gone to; went
8.I _______Shijiazhuang for three years.
A.have been to B.have been in C.have gone to
have/has been to
去过某地，已经回来了。
have/has gone to
去了某地，还未回来
have/has been in 在某地多长时间
1. 情态动词有无人称的变化？
2.情态动词后接动词的什么形式？
3.你知道的情态动词有哪些？
各代表什么意思？
1.Ken can climb up trees like a koala.
2.Tracy could ride a bicycle when she
was five years old.
3.You mustn't play with fire. It is dangerous.
4.It's raining outside, so I have to take an
umbrella with me.
5.As a student, we should obey the school
rules.
6. The light is on in the office. Someone
may be there.
情态动词 Modal verbs
情态动词本身有一定的词义, 表示说话人的情感、态度或 语气, 但不能单独作谓语, 只能与其他动词构成谓语。
常见的情态动词有:
can/could (能够), may/might (可能、可以), must (必须), need (需要), shall (将，多用第一人称), should (应该), will (将), would (愿意、将要), have to (不得不)等。
情态动词无人称和数的变化, 后接动词原形。
否定式是在情态动词后面加not。
个别情态动词有过去式形式, 可用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气。
e.g. Ken can climb up the trees like a koala.
Tracy could ride a bicycle when she was five years old.
You mustn’t play with fire. It is dangerous.
Practice
1. —Could you play the piano at the age of five
—No, I ______. I started at six.
A. can’t B. shouldn’t C. needn’t D. couldn’t
2. —Must I return this book before Friday, Sir
—No, you ________, dear. You can keep it for two weeks.
A. can’t B. shouldn’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t
3. —How long can I keep these books
—According to the library rules, you ________ return them within 7 days.
A. must B. might C. could D.will
4. —You ________ take photos here! Look at the sign. It says “No photos”.
—Sorry, I won’t.
A. must B. need C. mustn’t D. needn’t
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
4a
Joe: ______ you ever ________ (take) part in an environmental
project
Ken: Yes, I have. I _______ (help) with a Clean-Up Day last year.
It was __________ (consider) the biggest clean-up project
this city______ ever ________ (have).
Joe: How many people ________ (take) part
Ken: I _______ (think) more than 1,000 people ______(come) to help out.
Joe: That’s fantastic! I guess everyone in this city is ______ (try) to
improve the environment.
Ken: Yes, we can’t afford to______ (wait) any longer to take action!
Have
taken
helped
considered
had
had
took
take part in sth/doing sth 参加
think
came
trying
wait
afford to do sth 负担得起
take action 采取行动
People _________ think that big things__________________ be done to save the earth. Many forget that saving the earth begins with small things. For example, you ______________ save electricity by turning off the lights when you leave a room. You _______________ also use reusable bags instead of plastic bags.
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate modal verbs from the box.
can
would
could
have to
should
must
may/
might
4b
may/might
should/have to/must
can/could/should
can/could/should
begin with 开始于
turn off 关闭
reusable 可重复使用的
can
would
could
have to
should
must
may/
might
I think it’s a great idea that you now _______ pay for plastic bags in some stores. And instead of driving to school or work, you _______________ ride your bike or walk. If it’s far, you __________ take the bus. All these small things __________ add up and become big things that ______________ improve the environment. Let’s take action now!
have to
can/could/should
can/could
can/could
would/can/could
pay for 付费；付出代价
add up 合计；加起来
Make a list of things that people can do to help the environment and discuss your list with your partner.
I think that everyone should use public transportation.
I disagree. It’s difficult for parents with young children to use public transportation ...
________________________________________________________
use public transportation
4c
1. The old man used _____ (be) a teacher.
2. We should _____ (clean) the room every day.
3. Look! Tom _____________ (sleep) in his room.
4. Lots of trees _______________(plant) on the hill every year.
5. He _________ (live) here for 20 years.
to be
clean
is sleeping
are planted
has lived
当堂检测
一、用所给单词的正确形式填空。
1. He promised to pick me up . However, he_____ yet.
A. didn’t arrive B. doesn’t arrive
C. isn’t arriving D. hasn’t arrived
2. Ba Jin, one of the greatest writers in China, ___ as “People’s Writer”.
A. is regarded B. has regarded
C. is regarding D. regards
3. Her son _______ coffee, but now he ________ milk.
A. used to drink ; is used to drinking
B. used to drinking ; drinks
C. is used to drinking ; used to drink
D. is used to drink ; is drinking
二、单项选择。
Write 5 sentences with the language points.
Make up 5 exercises with the skills.
Search for information about environmental protection and endangered animals.
Homework

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