资源简介

(共25张PPT)
Unit 12
Life is full of the unexpected.
Section A Grammar Focus~4c
学习目标
1
2
理解和掌握本课新词cream，workday，show up，bean，market；在讲解中理解、识记运用本课时的语法知识过去完成时；
归纳总结过去完成时的定义等考点，并与之前学过的时态进行对比，培养学生逻辑性思维。
Read the timeline and make sentences.
The plane hit the World Trade Center.
8:46AM
Review
waited in line with...
__________we were waiting in line with other office workers,the plane hit the World Trade Center.
As/When
(主从句动作同时发生)
________________we joined the others to see what’s going on,the plane had hit the World Trade Center.
8: 48AM
joined the others to see
what’s going on
By the time/Before
(主句动作发生在从句之前)
新课讲授
The plane took off.
________________I got to the airport,the plane had taken off.
got to the airport
(主句动作发生在从句 动作之前)
Review
By the time/Before
By the time/Before
The Past Perfect
Tense
When I got to school, I realized that I had left my backpack at home.
By the time I got back to school, the bell had rung.
Before I got to the bus stop, the bus had already left.
I was about to go up to my office when I decided to get a coffee first.
As I was waiting in line with the other office workers, I heard a loud sound.
Classify them according to different tenses.
Grammar focus
When I got to school, I realized that I had left my backpack at home.
By the time I got back to school, the bell had rung.
Before I got to the bus stop, the bus had already left.
从句是一般过去时
主句动作发生在从句之前,用过去完成时。
I was about to go up to my office when I decided to get a coffee first.
As I was waiting in line with the other office workers, I heard a loud sound.
在以上的时间状语从句中，主句和从句的动作是同时发生，或者是在进行一个动作时，另外一个动作突然发生。可用一般过去时或过去进行时表示。
Make a summary
过去的过去
过去某时
现在
将来
过去完成时
定义：用来描述在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。(过去的过去)
过去完成时
构成：助动词had (用于各种人称和数) + 过去分词
肯定句：主语 + had + 过去分词 + 其他.
否定句：主语 + hadn’t + 过去分词 + 其他.
一般疑问句：Had+ 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他
肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + had. 否定回答：No, 主语 + hadn’t.
eg:When I woke up，it had stopped raining.
当我醒来的时候，雨已经停了。
否定句：
一般疑问句：
When I woke up，it hadn’t stopped raining.
Had it stopped raining when you woke up
Yes,it had.
No,it hadn’t.
句式
判断依据
① by+过去的时间点
She had finished reading the book by 9 o’clock yesterday.
到昨天9点钟前，她已经读完了这本书。
② by the end of+过去的时间点 在...结束时(前)
We had completed all the work by the end of last month.
到上个月月底，我们已经完成了所有工作。
由时间状语判定
判断依据
在含有when, before,by the tine等引导的时间状语从句的复合句中， 如果从句的时态为一般过去式，主句常用过去完成时。
1. When I got there, the bus _________ (go).
2. By the time I got to class, the teacher__________(start) the class.
3.我到达公共汽车站之前， 汽车已经离开了。
Before I _____ _____ the bus stop, the bus ____ _____ _____.
had gone
had started
got to
had already left
由时间状语从句判定
判断依据
过去完成时经常用于主句为一般过去时的宾语从句中, 表示从句动作先于主句动作发生, 像在told, said, knew, heard, thought 等动词后的宾语从句中。
由宾语从句判定
1.He told me that his team ______ already _______ (win).
他告诉我说他们队已经赢了。
2.She said that she _____________(not go to) the Great Wall yet.
她说她仍没去过长城。
had
won
hadn’t been to
判断依据
过去完成时是一个相对的时态，只有和过去的某个时间或动作相比较时才会用到，因此可通过分析语境来确定时态。
由语境判定
1. I went to Tom’s house but he __________ (go) out.
我去Tom家，但是他出去了。
2. The children ran away because they ___________ (break) the window.
孩子们跑开了，因为他们打破了窗户。
had gone
had broken
补充
过去完成时还可以表示从过去的某一时刻开始，一直持续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。
标志词：常与for 、since 构成的时间状语连用
1.When we got to the cinema, the movie ______ for ten minutes.
A. has been on B. had been on
C. had begun D. began
2.I ________ English for three years before coming to this school.
A. is studying B. have studied
C. studied D. had studied
B
D
过去完成时与一般过去时的区别
过去完成时：强调“过去的过去”；
一般过去时：强调过去某一特定的时间。
①They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.
他们昨天十点前就到车站了。
②They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.
他们昨天十点到了车站。
1. 时间状语不同
2. 在过去的时间中，哪个先发生，哪个后发生。
在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断：
先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用一般过去时。
She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first in the composition competition.
4a
Make sentences using by the time or before.
1. Tim went into the bathroom. Mary got up.
____________________________________
____________________________________
2. The coffee became cold. I put cream in the coffee.
__________________________________
__________________________________
Before I put cream in the coffee, the coffee had become cold.
By the time Mary got up, Tim had already gone into the bathroom.
4a
Make sentences using by the time or before.
3. The teacher collected the math homework. I got to school.
________________________________________
________________________________________
4. I completed the work for my boss. The workday ended.
________________________________________
________________________________________
By the time I got to school, the teacher had collected the math homework.
I had completed the work for my boss before the workday ended.
4a
Make sentences using by the time or before.
5. The movie started. I arrived at the cinema.
__________________________________
__________________________________
6. My mother finished making the apple pie.
I got home from my language course.
______________________________________
______________________________________
The movie had started before I arrived at the cinema.
By the time I got home from my language course, my mother had finished making the apple pie.
4b
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in the box.
1. By the time I arrived at the party, everyone else ____ already _________.
2. When he put the noodles into a bowl, he realized he ____________ to add the green beans.
3. By the time my mother came back from the market, I ______ already __________ of the door to go to my piano lesson.
rush out
forget
arrive at
go into
show up
find out
had
shown up
had forgotten
had
rushed out
4. Before she got to the airport, she _____________ about the earthquake.
5. When she _________ the movie theatre, she remembered she had forgotten to feed her dog.
6. Before she got a chance to say goodbye, he _____________ the building.
arrived at
had gone into
had found out
rush out
forget
arrive at
go into
show up
find out
易错点
1.句中有yesterday, last year, in 2019, two weeks ago 等明确表示
过去的时间状语时, 常用一般过去时, 而不用过去完成时。
I bought some vegetables yesterday.
2.叙述过去连续发生的两件及两件以上的事情时, 虽然时间上有
先后之别, 但仍用一般过去时。
He got up at 8 a.m. , brushed his teeth and washed his face.
他八点起床，刷牙，接着洗脸。
易错点
3. 现在完成时表示 动作发生在过去，但侧重对现
在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关。或者是过去
的动作持续到现在。
结构为：“助动词 have（has）+done”
eg：I have had the backpack for 5 years.
我已经买了这个背包五年了。
5 years ago
have had
now
1.By the end of 1976, many buildings _____built in the city.
A. have been B. have
C. had been D. will
2.We _________the work by six yesterday evening.
A. finished　 　　　B.would finish　　
C. had finished　 　D. had been finished
当堂检测
一、单项选择.
二、用括号中动词的正确时态填空。
1. He said he __________ (see)the movie already.
2. When he got to the cinema, the movie ________ (be) on for twenty minutes.
3. After Jim ___________ (finish)all his homework, he went to bed.
4. We ________________ (learn)20 English songs by the end of last month.
5. She ________ (arrive)before 7 o ’clock last night.
had seen
had been
had finished
had learned/learnt
arrived
1.Write a short passage about yourself according to the statements in 4c.
e.g. I had a bad day yesterday. By the time I left for school in the morning, I …
2.Recite Grammar Focus.
Homework

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