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高考英语一轮复习
冠词
01
复习目标与冠词概述
02
冠词基础用法详解
03
固学、总结与高考原题
目 录
01
Learning Objectives
Cultural awareness
1 理解冠词使用背后的中英语言思维差异 —— 英语中冠词承载名词的特指 / 泛指、可数性等语法功能，而汉语无此类虚词。
2 感知冠词在跨文化交流中的作用，如乐器名称前the的使用规则与球类运动零冠词体现的文化表达惯例。
Language ability
1 准确掌握不定冠词a/an、定冠词the及零冠词的基本用法与特殊规则，能根据名词的数、发音特点及语境判断冠词使用类型。
2 提升在语法填空、短文改错等题型中冠词运用的正确率，在书面表达中实现冠词的规范使用，避免漏用、错用等常见错误。
3 能辨析冠词在固定搭配、抽象名词具体化等复杂语境中的灵活应用，形成对冠词使用的语境敏感度。
01
Learning Objectives
Thinking quality
Language ability
1 掌握冠词知识的系统化梳理方法，能自主构建 “冠词分类 — 核心用法 — 固定搭配 — 易错陷阱” 的知识网络。
2 能利用真题演练反向推导命题规律，提升针对性复习效率，实现知识的迁移与应用。
1 通过归纳a/an的判断规则、the与零冠词的适用场景，培养分类归纳、逻辑梳理的思维能力。
2 借助冠词易错点辨析（如特指与泛指、抽象名词具体化），提升辩证分析和语境推理能力，建立 “规则 — 例外 — 语境” 的三维思维模式。
What is an article
冠词定义
冠词是一种虚词，用于名词前，帮助说明名词的含义。英语中有三种冠词:不定冠词(a/an)、定冠词(the)和零冠词(即不使用任何冠词)。
高考重要性
冠词虽小，但在高考语法填空和短文改错中一直是必考点，也是学生理解和表达准确性的重要体现。
02
冠词基础用法详解
例:1 a university /ju /
2 a useful tool /ju /
3 a horse /h/
4 an honest man / /
5 an umbrella / /
总结:
a用在______音素前(如/j/, /h/),并非元音字母(如 ‘u’);
an用在______音素前(如/ /,/ /),并非辅音字母(如 ‘h’)。
辅音
元音
一、a和an的区别
例:1 an MBA student (M发音为[/em/])
2 a US company (U发音为[/ju /])
3 an hour
4 an honest person
5 a happy child
易错点
1 缩写词和首字母缩略词:
根据_________字母的发音(如M、U)决定使用a或an；
2 以h开头的单词：当h不发音时(如例4,5)使用_____
第一个
an
1. 用“a”或“an”填空:
1 There is ______ "f" in the word "face" because it pronounces /ef/.
2 My teacher recommended _______ useful book on English grammar to me.
3 He is _______ 8-year-old boy who has _______ gift for painting.
4 The meeting will last for _______ hour and a half.
5 She dreams of becoming _______ doctor like her father.
6Tom is ________ European boy and his best friend is ________ Asian girl.
Lily, ______ outgoing girl, has ______ one-year-old younger brother.
Consolidation
an
a
an
a
an
a
a
an
an
a
二、不定冠词用法
例:1 She ia a friend of my father’s.
2.There’s a visitor for you.
1总结:a:______，表示未曾提到的。
例:1 a good knowledge of French
2 a sadness that won’t go away
2总结:a:前有形容词或后有短语修饰的____________前。
不可数名词
例:1 A lion is a dangerous animal.
(狮子是猛兽。)
3 总结: a:_____________
any;every
one
二、不定冠词用法
例:1 We drink a cup of milk a day.
2 The man is driving at 40 kilometres an hour.
4 总结:a:(用于价格、数量、比率等)___________
例:
We are of an age.
5 总结:a:表示___________。
the same
例:He missed the gold medal in the high jump, but he will get a second chance in the long jump.
6 总结: a:用在序数词前,表示__________
another
per;every
三、含不定冠词的固定短语
1 have a look:看一看 2 have a good time:玩得开心
3 take a walk:散步 4 take a rest:休息一下
5 make a mistake:犯错误 6 give a hand:帮忙
7 go for a walk:去散步 8 in a hurry:匆忙地
9 as a result:结果 10 for a while:一会儿
11 a few:一些 12 a little:一点儿
13 a lot of:许多 14 a pair of:一对,一双
14 play a part/role in:在......中扮演角色/起作用
四、定冠词用法
总结:
1 表示说话者和听话者双方都知道的_____或_________（如medicine,young man)。
例:1 Take the medicine.
把药吃了。
2 Look at the young man
in the picture.
人
物
四、定冠词用法
例:He bought a house. I've been to the house.
总结:
2 表示上文提到过的_____或_________（如:house)。
人
物
四、定冠词用法
例:the sun, the sky, the moon, the earth
They are traveling along the Yangtze River.
总结:
3 表示世界上独一无二的_________（如:sun太阳,earth地球等)。
事物
四、定冠词用法
例:The cow is a useful animal.
奶牛是有用的动物。
总结:
4 与_______名词(如:the cow)连用表示一类事物。
单数
四、定冠词用法
例:the rich(富人),the living（生者）the injured(受伤者)
总结:
5 与_______词(如:rich,living)连用表示一类事物。
形容
四、定冠词用法
例:the first teacher, the kindest people
Where do you live
I live on the second floor.
总结:
6 用在__________(如:first,second)和形容词__________(如:kindest)前。
序数词
最高级
四、定冠词用法
例:the Smiths(史密斯一家)
the Smiths(史密斯先生和太太)
总结:
7 用在姓氏复数前:表示______________或____________。
一家人
夫妻俩
四、定冠词用法
例:the Great wall(长城)，the Forbidden City(紫禁城)
总结:
8 用在某些由普通名词构成的________名词前
专有
四、定冠词用法
例:in the east、in the 1990s、by the hour
总结:
9 用在________、___________或____________。
方位
年代
度量单位
四、含定冠词的固定短语
1 in the morning/afternoon/evening:在早上 / 下午 /晚上
2 at the age of...:在…… 岁时 3 by the way: 顺便说一下 4 on the left/right:在左边 / 右边
5 in the middle of...:在…… 中间
6 play the piano/guitar/violin:弹钢琴 / 吉他 / 拉小提琴
7 in the same class/school: 在同一个班 / 学校
8 in the end:最后 9 in the distance:在远处
10 on the other hand:另一方面
五
零冠词
例:1 My mother's name is Rose.
2 I visited Beijing on May Day.
总结:
1 用在人名(如:Rose)地名(如:Beijing)和节日(May Day)等___________名词前。
专有
五
零冠词
例:1 Dogs love to run around outside.
2 Clean air is important for a healthy environment.
总结:
2 _______名词和___________名词表示泛指时。
复数
不可数
五
零冠词
例:1 He likes playing football but doesn't like playing chess.
2 Maths is a useful subject.
总结:
3 _______名词、________名词和__________名词。
球类
棋类
学科类
五
零冠词
例:1 He prefers going to school by bus rather than on foot.
2 The students start school in autumn.
总结:
4 _____________ 名词、_______ 名词和_________名词。
交通工具类
季节
月份
五
零冠词
例:1 He has breakfast at 7 in the morning.
2 I speak chinese.
3 Cancer is difficult to cure.
总结:
5 _________名词、_______ 名词和_________名词。
三餐类
语言
疾病
六
美式与英式英语的差异
例:1 When I was in the hospital, I often wished there were fewer hours in the day. (American English)
2 When Elizabeth was in hospital, she was occasionally visited by her parents. (British English)
总结:在美式和英式英语中，在"school" "college"、"class"、"prison"或"camp"这些词表示抽象意义时，前面一般不加冠词。但在美式英语中,可以加冠词the
03
固学、总结与高考应用
1 This is ______ useful book for learning English grammar.
2 There is ______ “h” and ______ “u” in the word “hour”.
3 ______ Sun rises in ______ east and sets in ______ west.
4 This is ______ most interesting book I have ever read.
5 _____ winter is my favorite season.
6 He came to Beijing for ______ first time last year.
7 He has ______ good knowledge of Chinese history.
8 _____ culture of the Yi ethnic group is very unique.
基础练习:在有必要的地方填入冠词。
03
固学、总结与高考应用
1 Over the past years, ______ Internet has become _____ important part of our life.
2 _____ more you practice, ______ better you will speak English.
3 He was elected ______ chairman of the Students' Union last week.
4 ______ Smiths invited us to have ______ dinner with them last night.
5 ______ Chinese people are ______ hard-working and brave people.
提高练习:在有必要的地方填入冠词。
03
6 ______ day I met her, she was wearing ______ red dress.
7 ______ number of tourists has increased, and ______ number of them are from abroad.
8 She plays ______ violin in ______ orchestra.
参考答案:
基础练习 1 a 2 an,a 3 The,the,the 4 the
5 不填 6 the 7 a 8 The
提高练习 1 the,a 2 The,the 3 不填 4 The,不填
5 不填，a 6 The,a 7 The, a 8 the, an
03
新高考原题练习
1 Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse walks visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for ________ first time. (2024年新课标I卷)
2 The meat should be fresh with ________ touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious. (2023年新课标I卷)
3 Not the pandas, even though ________ language used for the medical training instructions is actually English.(2023年新课标II卷)
the
a
the
03
新高考原题练习
4 Covering an area about three times ________ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. (2022年新课标I卷)
5 ________ Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto. (2022年新课标II卷)
6 While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is _____ must to visit!
(2021年新课标I卷)
7 This is ________ once-in-a-lifetime opportunity for me.
(2020年新课标II卷)
the
a
The
a
03
总结及作业
03
Homework
1 错题整理：收集本次练习及真题中的易错点，标注错误类型（如 “音素判断错误”“特指泛指混淆”）并附解析。
2 写作训练：围绕 “我的校园生活” 写一段 100 词左右的短文，至少包含 3 处冠词的规范使用（a/an、the、零冠词各 1 处）。
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