资源简介

(共29张PPT)
英语
英语句子的分类
英语句子的分类
I、按句子结构分
简单句、并列句、复合句
II、按使用目的分
陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、
提 纲
按句子的结构可分三种：
1) 简单句
2) 并列句
3) 复合句
1）简单句：只包含一个主谓结构;
只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。
He often reads English in the morning.
Tom and Mike are American boys.
She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.
2) 并列句：
句型：简单句+并列连词/ ; +简单句
并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句
连接而成。并列句中的各简单句意义
同等重要，相互之间没有从属关系，
是平行并列的关系。它们之间用连词或;连结。
You help him and he helps you.
The future is bright; the road is tortuous.
Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train.
3）复合句：包含一个主句和一个或一
个以上从句的句子。
从句包括名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）定语从句和状语从句等。
句型
主句+引导词+从句；或引导词+从句+主句
The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.
Where there is a will, there is a way. (Where引导一个表地点的状语从句)
Exercises 判断句型
1.Having finished his homework, the boy went on to help his mother.
2. What he says doesn’t suit what he does.
(简单句划线部分在句中作状语，修饰整个句子)
(复合句包含两个名词性从句：What he says 是一个主语从句；what he does 是一个宾语从句)
3. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.
4. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.
5. There is a chair in this room, isn’t there
简单句
复合句
简单句
6. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.
7. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.
8. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.
并列句
复合句
简单句
9. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.
10. What he said at the meeting is very important, isn’t it
11. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.
12. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.
并列句
复合句
简单句
简单句
按句子的使用目的可分四种：
1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：
He is six years old.
2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：
Do they like skating
How old is he
Do you like her or me
Mary can swim, can’t she
3）祈使句：Be careful, boys.
Don’t talk in class.
4）感叹句：How clever the boy is!
1、陈述句 说明一个事实或陈述一个看法，有肯定式和否定式，语序是主语+谓语, there引导时为There be+主语。
She arrived early.
You mustn't smoke here.
注：1）否定句 never, seldom, neither, nor, no, none, nothing, nobody, few,little也可以直接构成否定句。
I hardly know anything about it.
2）否定转移
I don’t think it will be very cold today.
(believe, expect, suppose,imagine)
2、疑问句 有一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反义疑问句。
1）一般疑问句
语序：助动词/be/情态动词+主语+谓语动词
用来询问一件事，答案通常是yes或 no也可以用all right, certainly, of course, with pleasure，perhaps等回答。
Did she phone me last night ---Yes, she did.
---Would you like to see the movie with me
---Oh, I'd love to.
2）特殊疑问句 疑问词有when,where,who,whose,what,which,why,how等。
（1）特殊疑问词+一般疑问语序
What's your father /What does your father do
（2）提问主语的语序与陈述语序相同
Whose bike is broken Who often looks after him？
注：A、简略式
Why not go alone Why get so angry
How/What about taking a rest
B、复杂特殊疑问句 What do you think he has done
助动词/be/情态动词+主语+谓语动词
常用的特殊疑问句式：
How long: 持续时间、长度多长
How far: 距离多远
How often: 频度
How soon: 再过多久
How many+可数名词复数：多少
How much+不可数名词: 多少
How much: 价格
How tall:人或树的高度
How high: 山或建筑物的高度
What's the population of China
How large is the population of Chinabout
---About 140million.
1.___________does it take by bus ---It takes 30 minutes.
2.___________is it from our school to the park
3.___________do you come back ---Once a week.
4. ___________is the bridge ---It's 500 meters.
5. __________books do you have ---Three.
6. __________coffee do you want ---Two cups.
7.___________will she arrive ---In a week.
8. ---__________________is the population of this country
---About 30 million.
Practice
How long
How far
How often
How long
How many
How much
How soon
What's/How large
3）选择疑问句
(1)以一般疑问句为基础
Is he a teacher or a doctor
---A teacher.
(2)以特殊疑问句为基础
Which do you prefer, red wine or white
---Red wine, please.
How shall we go there By bus or by train
---By train.
不能用yes或no来回答！只能选择其一。
4）反意疑问句: 提出情况或看法，问对方是否同意.
组成: 陈述句加简略问句。前肯后否，回答不变；前否后肯，回答相反。 简略问句中，主语一律用人称代词， there除外。
He likes sports, doesn't he
Yes, he does.
No, he doesn't.
He doesn't like running, does he
Yes, he does.
No, he doesn't.
---There is a beautiful park near our school,_______
---Yes, I often go walking there.
是的，他喜欢。
不，他不喜欢。
不，他喜欢。
是的，他不喜欢。
isn't there
反意疑问句：陈述句+简略问句
简略问句中，主谓的选择：
陈述句部分含no, nothing, nobody, never, seldom, few, hardly, little, neither, too..to, none等否定意义的词，简略问句部分为肯定问句。
He is too young to go to school, ____________
The little boy can hardly speak, __________
There are few people in the room, ___________
is he
can he
are there
反意疑问句：陈述句+简略问句
简略问句中，主谓的选择：
have: 1.有，拥有，问句中用have(英)/do(美)
He has a good memory, has/does he
2. 吃、喝、玩、度过，问句中用do
Lucy had a good time, didn't she
3. have to不得不，必须， 问句中用do
You have to go now, don't you
4. had better最好，问句中用had
He had better go now, hadn't he
5.构成完成时，问句中用have.
They have gone to Beijing, haven't they
used to:简略问句中用did/used
Tom used to be fat, didn't/usedn't he
反意疑问句：陈述句+简略问句
简略问句中，主谓的选择：
must:1.一定，问句中用mustn't
You must work hard next term, mustn';t you
2. 必须，表征求意见，问句中用needn't
The girl must go home now, needn't she
3. 表推测：
must be 问句中用be not
must have done didn't/haven't
He must be ill, ________he
陈述句部分 主语为指物的不定代词/this/that, 问句中用it
主语为指人的不定代词/these/those, 问句中通常
用they, 强调个体时用he
isn't
反意疑问句：陈述句+简略问句
简略问句中，主谓的选择：
陈述句部分为祈使句时：
Let's 表建议，简略问句中用shall we.
Let's go swimming, shall we
Let's 表请求，简略问句中用will you.
Let me have a try, will you
通常情况下用will you. Don't be late again, will you
陈述句部分为复合句时：
通常情况下就主句反问. She supposes you are not well, _____________
当主句主语为第一人称，谓语动词为think,believe, expect, suppose, imagine时，就从句反问. I don't think she is right, ______
is she
doesn't she
1.Tom hardly knows French, ______ ______
2.—Mary didn't pass her exam, did she
---______, she didn’t.
3.You needn’t come, ______ you
You need to come, ______ you
4.He had a big time there, ______ he
He had a car, ______ he
We hardly have to get up early, ______ we
5.He used to live in Leeds, ______ he
does he
No
must
don’t
didn’t
didn’t
do
didn’t
是的，她没有通过考试。
反意疑问句 Practice
6.Let’s go to the match at once, ______ we
Leave me alone, ______ you
7. Don't be late, again, ______ you
8.They have been learning to drive, ______ they
9.No one was hurt, ______ ______
10.There is no doubt about it, ______ ______
4）反意疑问句
shall
will
haven’t
weren’t they
is there
表建议,用shall
表请求,用will
will
主语为指人的不定代词/those/these,通常用they
祈使句，通常用will
3、祈使句 以动词原形开头，以!/.结尾，表达命令、要求、请求、劝告等，有时为了加强语气，在动原前加do。
1.肯定的祈使句结构
(1)be+形容词/名词 Be quiet for a moment.
(2)实义动词原形+其他成分 Make your own rules.
(3)let+宾语+动词原形+其他
Let's run to the police station on fourth street.
2.否定句的祈使句的结构
(1)Don't+动词原形 Don't eat in the classroom.
(2)Let's+ not+动词原形 Let's not say anything about it.
(3)用否定副词never构成，以加强否定含义
Never judge a person by looks.绝不能以貌取人
4、感叹句
由what 或how引导的，表示惊奇、愤怒、赞赏、喜悦等。
一.由How引导的感叹句。（how用来修饰形容词、副词或动词。）
1.How+形容词（副词）+(主语+谓语)！
如:How hard the workers are working!
How quickly the boy is writing! How clever the girl is!
2. How+主语+谓语！
如：How time flies! 时光飞逝!
二. 由感叹词what引导的感叹句。
1.What+a/an+（形容词）+单数可数名词+(主语+谓语)！
如: What a fine day it is!
2. What+形容词+可数名词复数或不可数名词+(主语+谓语)!
如: What kind women they are!
What nice music it is!
3. What+名词+(主语+谓语)!
What noise they are making!
A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1.—— Hello,Zhu Hua.I’ll have to return to Canada because I've worked here
for a year.
—— ＿＿＿＿＿!
A.What time flies B.How time flies C.What does time fly D.How does time fly
2.＿＿＿! You should take this chance to attend it.
A.How important conference is it
B.How an important conference it is
C.What an important conference is it
D.What an important conference it is
3.—— What sport do you like best
—— Springboard diving(跳板跳水).＿＿＿＿ to dive into water from high board!
A.What a fun is it B.How fun it is
C.How a fun is it D.What fun it is
Practice
B
D
D
4.＿＿＿for us to surf(冲浪) on the sea in summer! A.What exciting is it B.How exciting is it C.What exciting it is D.How exciting it is
5.＿＿＿he gave that we should take more exercise in our spare time! A.What a good advice B.How a good advice C.What good advice D.How good advice
6.We haven’t seen each other for many months.＿＿! A.What I missed you B.What did I miss you C.How I missed you D.How did I miss you
7.＿＿it is for us to see that he does his work so well! A.What surprise B.How surprise C.What a surprise D.How a surprise
8.＿＿＿these ancient buildings in this city are! A.What perfectly protected B.How perfect protected C.How perfectly protected D.What perfect protected
D
C
C
C
C
Thank
you

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