资源简介

(共35张PPT)
高考一轮复习
名词
名词(Nouns)
设计理念:象征名词是英语语言大厦的基础构成部分。
Learning Objectives
一、语言能力
1 能够识别并正确使用各类名词（可数、不可数、专有名词等）。
2 熟练掌握名词复数的构成规则及不规则变化。
3 理解和运用名词的主谓一致原则。
4 识别并运用常见名词后缀，扩大词汇量。
二、文化意识
1 通过中英名词使用的对比（如不可数名词的差异），体会语言背后的文化思维差异。
2 了解一些专有名词（如节日、地名）所承载的文化内涵。
设计理念:培养学生的核心素养。
Learning Objectives
三、思维品质
1 运用归纳法和演绎法对名词进行分类和规则总结，培养逻辑思维能力。
2 通过辨析易混名词和复杂的主谓一致情况，提升批判性思维和辨析能力。
四、学习能力
1 构建名词的思维导图，形成知识体系，提升复习效率。
2 学会在练习和真题中总结规律，举一反三，实现知识迁移。
01
名词基础知识梳理
02
名词核心语法要点
03
名词应用能力提升
目 录
01
名词基础知识梳理
What can you see in the picture
a shopping mall, many cars, traffic, some people, a child with an ice cream, happiness
设计理念:创设真实语境,直观引出主题。
可数名词:mall,car 不可数名词:traffic, ice cream, happiness 集合名词:people 不规则复数名词:child
一 名词基本分类:普通名词和专有名词
China, Beijing, Tom，WTO
总结:表示特定的人名(如:Tom)、地名(如:Beijing)、机构名称(如:WTO)、节日、时间等,叫做专有名词,第一个字母常________。
大写
a shopping mall, many cars, traffic, some people, a child with an ice cream, happiness
总结:象以上泛指一类人、事物、物质或抽象概念的名词,叫____________。
普通名词
设计理念:
通过情境归纳,
培养思维品质。
二 普通名词的分类
book, student, apple等
总结:可独立计数的具体事物,叫做_______名词
个体
gold,water,paper等
总结:表 “概念、情感、品质”的名词叫做_______名词。
抽象
family, team, class等
总结:表 “群体”，可表整体或成员叫做_______名词
集体
总结:表 表 “物质 / 材料”的名词，叫做_______名词
物质
courage,progress,information等
设计理念:
通过情境归纳,
培养思维品质。
三 可数与不可数名词
book, student, apple，family,team等
总结:可以用数目计算的名词叫做_______名词
可数
gold,water,paper,courage,progress等
总结:不可以用数目计算的名词，叫做_________名词
不可数
设计理念:
通过情境归纳,
培养思维品质。
四 不可数名词分类
water, milk, coffee,tea,juice等_________名词
流体类
air, oxygen, paper, money等__________名词
物质类
advice, knowledge, progress等________名词
抽象
math, physics, politics等_______名词
学科
furniture, luggage, equipment, traffic等________名词
总称
设计理念:通过情境归纳,培养思维品质和文化意识。
五 可数与不可数注意事项
例:1 Glass is a useful material. (玻璃,不可数)
I drank a glass of water. (玻璃杯,可数)
2 He does not have enough experience . (经验,不可数)
Travelling was a wonderful experience. (经历,可数)
3 Time is money. (时间,不可数)
I have been to Beijing three times. (次数,可数)
总结: 有些名词既可数又不可数，但意义_______。
不同
例:information,news,advice,knowledge,furniture,
equipment ,luggage,clothing,bread,rice,hair等
总结: 有些名词中文意思可数,但英语里__________。
不可数
可数与不可数注意事项
例:1 Beauty is in the eye of the beholder. (美,抽象名词)
She is a beauty. (美人,可数)
2 Business has been good this year. (生意,抽象名词)
He runs a small business. (公司,可数)
3 Knowledge is power. (力量,抽象名词)
The US is a world power. (强国,可数)
总结: 抽象名词指具体的人或事时,它变成可数，即
抽象名词__________。
具体化
设计理念:通过情境归纳,培养思维品质和文化意识。
六 名词复数变化规则
规则变化形式
1 map→maps /m ps/,desk→desks /desks/
2 bag→bags /b ɡz/、zoo→zoos /zu z/
总结:一般在名词末尾+____,在 /p/,/k/等清辅音后发/__/;在/ɡ/,/u /等浊辅音和元音后发/___/。
s
s
z
bus→buses / b s z/、watch→watches / w t z/、brush→brushes /br z/
总结 : 以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词,在末尾+_____,读 /_____/。
es
z
设计理念:
通过情境归纳,
培养思维品质。
city→cities / s tiz/,factory→factories / f ktriz/
总结:在辅音字母+y结尾的名词,变y为___,再加es,发音是/_____ /;
i
leaf→leaves /li vz/,knife→knives /na vz/
总结 : 以o字母结尾的名词,有生命的+_____,读 /_____/;无生命的或外来词+s,读/____/
es
z
z
总结 : 以f,fe结尾的名词,变f为v,再+_____,读 /_____/。
es
vz
potato→potatoes /p te t z/,hero→heroes / h r z/
z
名词复数变化规则
特殊变化
man→men,tooth→teeth,mouse→mice,foot→feet
总结:通过改变中间的_______字母。
元音
sheep→sheep,Chinese→Chinese,means（方式）→means,
总结 : 不规则变化,需要牢记。
总结:复数和单数形式_______。
相同
child→children,ox→oxen
七 名词所有格
变化规则
例:the boy's book（男孩的书),China's culture（中国的文化）
总结:单数名词:直接加 _____
’s
例:the students' classroom(学生们的教室),the teachers' office（老师们的办公室）
总结 : 不以s结尾的复数名词加_________
总结:以s结尾的复数名词加_______。
例:children's toys(孩子们的玩具),women's rights(妇女的权利）
’
’s
设计理念:通过情境归纳,培养思维品质。
名词所有格
变化规则
例:my brother-in-law's car（我姐夫的车）
总结:复合名词:在最后一个词加 _____
’s
例:today's newspaper(今天的报纸),ten minutes' walk(十分钟的步行路程）
总结 : 双重所有格:名词+of +名词所有格/名词性物主代词_________
总结:时间,距离,国家等无生命m名词加_______。
例:a friend of my father's(我父亲的一位朋友),an opinion of hers（她的一个观点）
’s
02
名词核心语法要点
主谓一致原则
例:1 The cat sleeps on the sofa.
The cats sleep on the sofa.
2 His family is very large.
His family are all music lovers.
3 Neither he nor his friends are interested in the movie.
Either you or he is responsible for this mistake.
总结:1 主语单复数直接决定谓语形式,叫_____________
2 集体名词按 “实际含义” 定单复数，整体用____数,成员用_____数,即_______一致。
3 由or/either...or/neither...nor/not only...but also连接两个主语时，谓语随 “邻近主语” 变化,即_______原则。
语法一致
单
复
意义
就近
设计理念:通过情境归纳,培养思维品质,尊重文化差异。
主谓一致特殊规则
例:1 Three fifths of the water is polluted.
Two thirds of the books are new.
2 Ten years is a long time for me.
Five hundred yuan is enough for this book.
3 The police are searching for the missing child.
His new pants don’t match her shirt.
总结:1 分数 / 百分数 + of + 名词:谓语单复数由 “of 后的 _______决定；
2 时间 / 金额 / 距离复数作 “整体概念” 时,谓语用______数;
3 有些名词,如the police,people,trousers,clothes, shorts(短裤),goods(商品)等,只用________形式。
名词
单
复数
主谓一致特殊规则
例:4 Everyone has their opinion.
Something needs to be done.
5 A number of students were absent today.
The number of students is increasing.
6 There is a pen and two books on the table.
There are two books and a pen on the table.
总结:1 不定代词作主语,如someone,anything,everybody，nothing等通常用 _______动词；
2 a number of +复数名词,谓语用______数,the number of +复数名词,谓语动词用______数。
3 在There be 句型中,谓语动词通常与后面紧跟的名词保持_______。
单数
复
一致
单
名词后缀规则
动词变名词
1 -ment
develop→development agree→agreement
govern→government
agree→agreement
enjoy→ enjoyment
achieve→achievement
require→requirement
punish→punishment
manage→management
move→movement
improve→improvement
advertise→advertisement
2 -ion/-ation/-ition
invent→invention
collect→collection
educate→education
discuss→discussion
operate→ operation
decide→decision
compete→competition
combine→combination
explain→explanation
apply→application
inform→information
admit→admission
设计理念:通过构词法归纳,培养思维品质和文化意识。
名词后缀规则
动词变名词
3 -ing
build→building
feel→feeling
mean→meaning
paint→painting
enjoy→ enjoyment
meet→meeting
understand→understanding
train→training
4 -ance,-ence
appear→appearance
perform→performance
guide→guidance
differ→difference
resist→resistance
exist→existence
prefer→preference
refer→reference
5 -al
arrive→arrival
refuse→refusal
approve→approval
propose→proposal
6 -ure/-ture
press→pressure
fail→failure
mix→mixture
expose→exposure
名词后缀规则
形容词变名词
1 -ty/-ity
safe→safety
cruel→cruelty
anxious→anxiety
able→ability
real→ reality
active→activity
possible→possibility
responsible→responsibility
2 -ence/-ance
different→defference
silent→silence
confident→confidence
important→importance
distant→distance
absent→absence
patient→patience
3 -th
warm→warmth
true→truth
young→youth
long→length
strong→strength
wide→width
deep→depth
-y
honest→honesty
difficult→difficulty
名词后缀规则
其它变法
4-dom
free→freedom
wise→wisdom
bore→boredom
5 -ness
ill→ illness
kind→kindness
weak→weakness
aware→awareness
dark→darkness
happy→happiness
busy→business
6 -hood
child→childhood
neighbour→neighbourhood
brother→brotherhood
7 -ship
friend→friendship
leader→leadership
citizen→citizenship
member→membership
scholar→scholarship
relation→relationship
champion→championship
03
名词应用能力提升
基础练习
一、写出下列名词的复数形式。
1 man → ____ 2 child → ____ 3 knife → ____
4 leaf → ____ 5 watch → ____ 6 brush→ ____
7 city →____ 8 factory → ____ 9 potato → ____
10tomato→___11 photo→___12piano → ____
13 sheep→____ 14deer→____ 15tooth → ____
16 mouse→__17 German→ ____
18.bus→____19 box→____ 20 building→____
设计理念:设计巩固练习,提高记忆能力和合作学习能力。
03
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
1 He bought two ____ (box) of apples from the supermarket.
2 There are many ____ (hero) in our country who devote themselves to public service.
3 My mother often tells me interesting ____ (story) before I go to bed.
4 You should listen to the teacher's ____ (advice) on how to improve your English.
5 The ____ (furniture) in this room is all made of wood.
6 All the ____ (student) in our class have passed the exam.
7 She has collected a lot of ____ (information) about the new school.
8 The ____ (achieve) of these scientists have attracted worldwide attention.
03
9 We need to take some ____ (measure) to protect the environment.
10 This is my ____ (brother) book; he left it on the desk yesterday.
参考答案
一、1 men 2 children 3 knives 4 leaves 5 watches 6 brushes
7 cities 8 factories 9 potatoes 10 tomatoes 11 photos
12 pianos 13 sheep 14 deer 15 teeth 16 mice 17 Germans
18 buses 19 boxes 20 buildings
二、1 boxes 2 heroes 3 stories 4 advice
5 furniture 6 students 7 information 8 achievements
9 measures 10 brother’s
03
名词应用能力提升
提高练习
1 The research team has made several important ____ (discover) in the field of renewable energy recently.
2 My grandfather often shares his ____ (experience) of working as a scientist in the 1960s with us.
3 The ____ (roof) of the old buildings in this town are being repaired to protect the cultural heritage.
4 The teacher asked us to write a short passage about our ____ (mother) daily life.
5 He spent two hours explaining the ____ (difference) between British English and American English.
设计理念:设计巩固练习,提高记忆能力和合作学习能力。
03
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
Last month, our school held a colorful Cultural Festival. All the ____ (student) were excited to take part in different activities. On the first day, we watched a performance by some ____ (woman teacher) from the art department—they sang traditional songs and danced to folk music.
In the afternoon, there was a book fair in the hall. Many students brought their favorite books to share, and we exchanged ideas about the ____ (story) we had read. The librarian also gave us some useful ____ (advice) on how to choose good books.
On the second day, we joined a handcraft competition. My group made a model of our school with recycled materials. Although it took us three hours, we felt proud of our ____ (achieve).
03
At the end of the festival, the principal announced the winners and gave out ____ (prize) like dictionaries and notebooks.
Many students said the Cultural Festival was a great chance to learn about different ____ (culture) and make new friends. Some even suggested that we should hold such ____ (event) more often. The success of the festival depended on everyone's hard work—from the teachers' careful ____ (prepare) to the students' active participation. We all look forward to the next year's festival, which will surely bring more ____ (surprise).
参考答案
一1 discoveries 2 experiences 3 roofs 4 mother’s 5 differences
二、1 students 2 women teachers 3 stories 4 advice
5 achievements 6 prizes 7 cultures 8 events
9 preparation 10 surprises
03
名词应用能力提升
高考原题
1 You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your 59__________ (guide) till they lose...
(2025 年新高考 Ⅰ 卷)
2 Local farmers have developed new _________ (method) to balance agricultural production and environmental protection.
(2024 年新高考 Ⅱ 卷)
3 The master craftsman shared his ___________ (experience) of making bamboo baskets with the young apprentices.
( 2023 年新高考 Ⅰ 卷)
guidance
methods
experiences
设计理念:
让学生感受高考的考查
方式和难度，
增强复习的针对性。
03
4 Our school's drama club has put on five _______________ (performance) this semester, all well-received by students.
(2022 年新高考 Ⅱ 卷)
5 ...Scientists have made great ______________ (achieve) in exploring Mars in recent years.
(2021 年新高考 Ⅰ 卷)
6 She gave me many good advice on how to improve my writing skills.
(2024 年新高考 Ⅰ 卷)
7 The number of the students in our class are 52, and most of them are from cities. (2022 年新高考 Ⅰ 卷)
performances
achievements
many→much/some
第一个”are”→is
Summary
设计理念:设计思维导图形成知识体系,提高记忆能力和合作学习能力。
Homework
基础性作业：
1 整理课堂笔记，完善名词思维导图。
2 背诵常见的不可数名词分类列表和不规则名词复数表。
应用性作业：
1 用至少10个本课学到的名词后缀，各造一个句子。
拓展性作业：
1 找一篇高考阅读理解短文，圈出其中所有的名词，并判断其类别。
2 (选做题)写一篇80词左右的短文，描述你的家庭，要求有意识地使用集体名词、不可数名词，并确保主谓一致。
设计理念:所学到的知识运用于语言实践。
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