资源简介

(共100张PPT)
UNIT 1　LIFE CHOICES
I feel excited because this school differs in many ways from my previous one. 我感到兴奋，因为这所学校在许多方面都与我之前的学校不同。
differ vi. 不同，不一样，有区别
differ from不同于……，和……不同
differ in在……方面不同
differ with sb on/about/over sth在某事上和某人有分歧/异议
1. difference n.不同之处
make a difference to ... 对……有影响/起作用
tell the difference between A and B 区分A和B的不同之处
2. different adj.不同的
be different from ...in ...在……方面与……不同　
schedule n. 日程表，计划表 v. 安排；为……安排时间
What is also very different is that students in the same class can have different class schedules. 还有非常不同的是，同一个班级的学生可以有不同的课程表。
·Now she is planning our schedule for the trip.现在她正在为我们的旅行制定日程。
on schedule(＝on time)按时
behind schedule(＝behind time) 晚点；落后于预定计划
ahead of schedule(＝ahead of time) (进度上)提前
be scheduled for sth为某事做安排
be scheduled to do sth安排做某事
as scheduled按照预定时间，如期
·Weather permitting,we will set out on our journey as scheduled(＝on schedule) tomorrow.只要天气好，明天我们就按计划出发去旅行。
confidence n. 自信，信心；信赖
I also hope I will develop confidence in speaking English and develop competence in a variety of new skills. 我也希望我能培养在英语口语方面的信心以及掌握许多新技巧的能力。
in confidence私下地，秘密地
with confidence＝confidently 自信地，有信心地
have confidence in对……有信心
have confidence to do ...有做……的信心
·He answered that question confidently/with confidence.他很自信地回答了那个
问题。
confident adj. 自信的；肯定的；有把握的
be confident of/about对……有信心　
recover vi. 恢复健康，康复
... I have no regrets as I love solving problems and I get to help people recover from illnesses and injuries.……我不后悔，因为我喜欢解决问题，我能帮助人们从疾病和伤痛中康复。
recovery n.康复，恢复　
recover from从……中恢复
recover oneself恢复正常；使清醒
·While still recovering from his accident,he returned to work.尽管还在事故康复期间，他还是回去工作了。
unfortunately adv. 不幸地；令人遗憾地
Unfortunately,the job can also be stressful ... 不幸的是，这份工作也会带来压力……
·Unfortunately,he lost confidence in life. 不幸的是，他对生活失去了信心。
1. fortunate adj.幸运的
be fortunate to do sth/in doing sth 有幸做某事/在……方面运气好
It is fortunate that ...幸运的是……
2. fortune n.机会，运气；大笔的钱，巨款；命运
make a fortune发财，致富
seek/try one’s fortune碰运气
have the good fortune to do sth 有幸做某事(fortune后只接不定式)
3. fortunately adv.幸运地　
·He decided to go abroad to seek/try his fortune.他决定到国外去碰碰运气。
challenge n. 挑战；具有挑战性的事物　vt. 向……挑战
...especially when challenges arise and I work so much that I feel I don’t see my family enough.
……尤其是当挑战出现的时候，我工作太忙，以至于我觉得我没有足够的时间和家人见面。
·She does not like anyone challenging her authority.她不喜欢任何人挑战她的权威。
challenge sb to (do) sth 挑战某人(做)某事
meet/face/issue a challenge 迎接/面临/发起挑战
challenging adj.有挑战性的；挑衅的
challenged adj.受到挑战的；有残疾的　
·He reminded me that it was a challenging project.他提醒我那是一个具有挑战性的项目。
arise vi. (问题或困难) 出现，发生
...especially when challenges arise and I work so much that I feel I don’t see my family enough.
……尤其是当挑战出现的时候，我工作太忙，以至于我觉得我没有足够的时间和家人见面。
·New problems will arise one after another in the future.在未来，新问题会一个接一个地出现。
arise作“呈现，出现，发生”之意时，主语多为argument,problem,quarrel,
question,movement等抽象名词，多指不好的事情发生。
arise/rise/raise/arouse
原形 词性、词义 过去式 过去分词 现在分词
arise vi.出现，发生；由……引起 arose arisen arising
rise vi.升起；起身；增长；上升 rose risen rising
raise vt.举起；提高；饲养；养育；筹集；招募 raised raised raising
arouse vt.唤醒；激起 aroused aroused arousing
·One of the problems arising from the present economic situation is that the price is rising sharply,of course,partly because some illegal businessmen raise it on purpose,which has aroused some objections.当前经济形势产生的问题之一是物价迅速上涨。当然，部分原因是一些不法商贩故意提高价格，这种现象已经激起了一片反对之声。
all in all 总而言之，总的来说
All in all,I hope to have a happier,more fruitful and satisfying life in my new school.总的来说，我希望在我的新学校过上更快乐、更富有成效、更令人满意的生活。
·He has his faults,but,all in all,he is a good helper.他虽有缺点，但总的来说，他是个好帮手。
after all毕竟；终究　　 first of all第一，首先
in all共计，总共 not at all一点也不
above all最重要的是；首先
·First of all,you should not have scolded the boy at all；he is a child after all. Above all,he made only two mistakes in all.首先，你本不该责骂那个男孩，他毕竟还是个孩子。最重要的是，他总共就犯了两个错误。
不幸的是，这份工作也会带来压力，
尤其是当挑战出现的时候，我工作太忙，以至于我觉得我没有足够的时间和家人见面。
句中包含了so ...that ...这一固定结构，意为“如此……以至于……”。
·The pop star sang so beautifully that he was asked to sing again and again.那个流行歌手唱得如此动听以至于人们要求他唱了一遍又一遍。
·I have so much homework that I cannot watch TV.我有太多的家庭作业要写，以至于我不能看电视。
·I am so tired that I do not want to do anything today.我今天太累了，以至于什么都不想做。
I do a wide range of things online.我在网上做各种事情。
range n. 一系列；范围 v. (在一定范围内) 变化，变动　
a range of一系列……
beyond/out of one’s range超出某人的能力范围
in/within range of在……范围内
range from A to B　在A到B的范围间变动；包括从A到B的各类事物
·The subject is beyond/out of my range. 这个问题已超出了我的能力范围。
various adj. 各种各样的；多种(类型)的
I also shop for various things online,such as books,computer hardware and other necessities.我也在网上购买各种各样的东西，比如书籍、电脑硬件和其他必需品。
·We are facing various opportunities and challenges.我们面临着各种机遇和挑战。
1. variety n.种类；多样性；变化
a variety of (＝varieties of) 种种，各种各样的
2. vary v. 变化，改变　
vary from ...to ...从……到……不等
vary with随……变化
vary in在……方面变化
·Our team,apart from regular training,will join in a variety of activities.除了定期训练之外，我们的团队还将参加各种活动。
·Opinions on this matter vary from person to person.对这件事的看法因人而异。
convenient adj. 方便的，便利的
It’s so convenient to be able to compare the quality and prices from different online shops before I buy.购物前，能够比较不同网络商店的质量和价格，非常方便。
·It is convenient for you to borrow books. 对于你来说，借书是很方便的。
convenience [U]方便，便利；[C]便利的事物(或设施)
at one’s convenience在某人方便时
for convenience为方便起见
for the convenience of...为了……的方便
·We hope that you will accept our invitation if it is convenient to/for you/at your convenience.如果你方便的话，我们希望你能够接受我们的邀请。
convenient的实际意思是“使人方便的”，而不是“(自己)感到方便的”，所以作表语时，不能用表示人的名词或代词作主语，多用于It is convenient for sb to do sth 这一句型中。
aim n. 目的，意图 vi. 力求达到
My aim is to do well in every subject this term.这学期我的目标是把每门功课都学好。
·He has always aimed high.他总是志存高远。
take aim at矛头对准；瞄准
with the aim of有……的目的
without aim无目的地
achieve one’s aim实现某人的目标
aim at瞄准；目的在于
aim to do/at doing ...旨在做……
be aimed at目的是，旨在
·At first,he wandered in the street without aim. Then one day,he realised that he should aim at helping people to be aware of the importance of environmental protection. After two years’ efforts,he achieved his aim.起初，他在大街上毫无目的地闲逛。然后有一天，他突然认识到他应该帮助人们意识到环境保护的重要性。经过两年的努力，他达到了目的。
aimless adj.无目的的
aimlessly adv.漫无目的地　
volunteer vi. & vt. 自愿；志愿 n.志愿者
Meanwhile,I’m an active member of my school’s long-distance running team and volunteering club.同时，我是我们学校长跑队和志愿者俱乐部的活跃成员。
·Are there any volunteers to help clean the blackboard？有人自愿帮忙擦黑板吗？
volunteer for ...自愿参加……
volunteer to do ...自愿做……
volunteer as ...自愿当……
·Why do you want to volunteer for our organisation？你为什么想自愿参加我们的组织？
voluntary adj. 志愿的；义务的；自愿的
on a voluntary basis在自愿的基础上　
·The prisoner made a voluntary statement.那个罪犯做了自愿供述。
from time to time 有时；偶尔；间或
I also play computer games from time to time and I even play tennis on my television screen in my living room！我也偶尔玩电脑游戏，我甚至在客厅的电视屏幕上打网球！
·It presents us with various problems from time to time.它不时地给我们带来各种
问题。
in no time 立刻，马上　 in time及时
all the time 一直 at a time 每次
at no time 在任何时候都不 at all times 总是；随时；永远
at one time 曾经，一度 at times 有时；间或
behind the times 过时的，落伍的
according to 按……所说，根据
According to them,there is a danger that I may not be able to tell whether these friends are real friends.在他们看来，我可能无法判断这些人是否是真朋友，这很危险。
·You will be paid according to the amount of work you do.你们的报酬将根据你们的工作量来定。
according to引出的短语在句中作状语，to为介词，其后可接名词、代词或what引导的名词性从句。但according to不能与表示意见、观点的词，如opinion、view等连用。
tend to do sth 易于做某事
I tend to set a goal for every subject at the beginning of each term.我倾向于在每学期开始时就为每门学科设定目标。
1. tend vi.往往，趋向 vi.&vt.照看，护理；招待，照料
tend to sb 照顾某人
tend sth 照管某物
2. tendency n.倾向；趋势；偏好
have a tendency to do sth 有做某事的倾向
·He tends to help those students who are in trouble.
＝He has a tendency to help those students who are in trouble.他倾向于帮助那些有困难的学生。
·Doctors are tending to the wounded now. 医生现在正在照顾伤员。
“do/does/did＋动词原形”表示强调，意为“确实，的确”，用来加强谓语动词的语气。但须符合以下条件：(1)句子是肯定句；(2)句子的时态为一般现在时或一般过去时。
·I did lock the door. I’m absolutely sure.我确实锁了门。我相当确定。
·I do remember what you said though. 不过我确实记得你说过的话。
I　 　 　do　　　know 　　I need to drag myself
主语
助动词
谓语
宾语从句
away from the online world
sometimes ...
我非常清楚我有时需要强迫自己不上网……
句中 so that 引导目的状语从句，意为“为了，以便”。其具体用法如下：
(1)so that意为“以便，为了”，引导目的状语从句，此时可与in order that换用。 从句谓语常与may/might/can/could/will/should/would等情态动词连用。
(2)so that 意为“因此，所以”，引导结果状语从句。
actively,
我在所有课上总是专心听讲并积极思考，这样放学后我就有更多可支配的时间做其他我感兴趣的事情。
so ...that ...和so that的区别
so ...that ...意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。
so that意为“为了，以便；结果是”，引导目的或结果状语从句。
·The book is so interesting that we all like to read it.这本书很有趣，我们都喜欢读。
·She had not planned her time well,so that she did not finish her homework on time.她没把时间计划好，所以没能按时完成家庭作业。
And what can we do to stop stress and tension？那么我们做什么才能阻止压力和紧张呢？
stress n. 压力；忧虑；紧张 v.强调
·Others may think smoking will help them with stress in their lives.其他人可能认为吸烟将有助于缓解他们生活中的压力。
under (great) stress在(极大的)压力之下
suffer from stress承受压力
lay/place/put stress on ...强调……
stress that ...强调……
stress the importance of...强调……的重要性
·The manager always stresses the importance of hard work. However,after a stressful week of work,all the employees were extremely stressed and tired. They complained that few could work efficiently under great stress.经理总是强调辛勤工作的重要性。然而一周紧张的工作之后，所有的员工都心力交瘁，疲惫不堪。他们抱怨说几乎没有人能在极大的压力之下高效地工作。
stressful adj.产生压力的(指物)
stressed adj.焦虑不安的，有压力的(指人)　
suffer vi. & vt. 遭受(痛苦)
So, what kind of people often suffer from stress？那么哪种人经常遭受压力呢？
·She suffered from loneliness,but she had to learn to like it there.她忍受着孤独，但在那里她不得不学着喜欢它。
suffering n.痛苦；苦难；苦恼
sufferer n.受害者；患者　
reduce vt. 减少；降低；缩小
There are many ways to reduce stress.有许多减少压力的方法。
·Breathing exercises can help reduce stress.呼吸运动能够帮助减少压力。
reduce sth to ... 减少到(多少)(强调结果)
reduce sth by ... 减少了(多少)(强调程度)
·We can’t accept your offer unless the price is reduced by 10％.除非价格减少10％，否则我们无法接受你的报价。
remove vt. 移走；去掉
We can’t remove stress from our lives entirely.我们不能完全消除生活中的压力。
·When fat and salt are removed from food,the food tastes as if it is missing something. 当去掉食物中的脂肪和盐时，食物尝起来就好像缺少了什么东西。
remove ...from ...把……从……移开
remove sb from school 学校开除某人，勒令某人退学
remove one’s doubt/trouble 消除某人的疑虑/烦恼
organise vt. 组织，筹划
You can organise your work or studies.你可以安排你的工作或学习。
·Someone must organise this year’s Christmas party.必须有人组织今年的圣诞晚会。
organised adj. 有组织的；有条理的
organisation n. 组织
organiser n. 组织者　
seek vt. 寻求；请求
... you should seek professional help.
……你应该寻求专业的帮助。
·Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves.黑猩猩在野外为自己寻找食物。
seek sth from sb向某人请求/寻求某物
seek (after/for) sb/sth追求/寻找某人/某物
seek one’s fortune寻找发迹的机会
seek out找出；挑选出
seek to do sth试图做某事
due to 因为
But more often than not,it’s due to pressure from work or study.但是通常来讲，这是由于工作或学习的压力。
·Most of the problems were due to human errors.大多数问题是由于人类的错误。
thanks to/owing to/due to/because of
1. thanks to意为“多亏，幸亏，由于”，常作状语，尤其用于解释某件好事发生的原因和过程。
2. owing to意为“由于，因为”，可作状语和表语。
3. due to意为“由于”，常作表语。
4. because of意为“因为”，用以指出理由、原因，常作状语。
in other words 换句话说
In other words,you can make a list and do all the important things first.换句话说，你可以列一个清单，先做所有重要的事情。
·It is hard to imagine one can learn without questioning. In other words,questioning is a bridge to learning or is the very beginning of learning.很难想象一个人在学习中可以没有任何疑问。换句话说，疑问是学习的桥梁或是学习的开始。
keep one’s word守信用，履行诺言
break one’s word/promise违背诺言，食言
in a/one word总之
have a word with sb 与某人谈话
eat one’s words收回前言，承认说错了话
word came/comes that ...有消息说……　
·The driver was at a loss when word came that he was forbidden to drive for speeding. 当他得知自己因超速而被禁止驾驶的消息时，这个司机不知所措。
find在句中接复合宾语，作宾语补足语的可以是名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语等。
·When he arrived,he found all the work already finished.当他到达时，他发现所有的工作已经完成了。
·When he came to himself,he found himself in the hospital.当他醒来时，他发现自己在医院里。
我发现等待考试结果让人很紧张。
This is a typical day for Zhang Tian.对张天而言，这是很平常的一天。
typical adj. 平常的，一贯的；典型的
be typical of ... 是……的代表，……是典型的
It is typical of sb to do sth 某人一向做某事
·Nowadays it is typical of a young generation to take it for granted that parents should meet whatever they desire.当今，年轻一代理所当然地认为父母应该满足他们的一切欲望，这是他们的典型特征。
typically adv. 典型地，有代表性地；向来，通常
inspire vt. 鼓励，激励
... and he was inspired by them to go and teach where he was needed the most. ……他被他们所鼓舞，到最需要的地方去教学。
·By visiting schools,the actors hope to inspire children to put on their own productions.演员们希望通过访问学校鼓励孩子们表演他们自己的作品。
inspire sb to do sth 激励/鼓励某人做某事
inspire sb with sth 用某事来激励某人
inspire sth in sb 激起某人的某事(某种情感)
inspiration n. 灵感；鼓舞
inspired adj. 受到鼓舞的
inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的　
apply vi. 申请；请求
For that reason he applied for and became a volunteer teacher in a village school.因此，他申请并成为一所乡村学校的志愿者教师。
apply sth to sth将某物应用于某物
apply to 适用于
apply for ...申请……
apply oneself to (doing) sth专心于(做)某事
applied adj.应用的；实用的
application n.应用；涂抹；申请
applicant n.申请人　
·The applicant applied himself to applying for a post for teaching applied chemistry,saying that he would apply what he had learnt to his teaching.这位申请者忙着申请一份教应用化学的工作，并且说他会把他的所学应用到他的教学中去。
responsible adj. 负责的；有责任心的
The other two local teachers were responsible for maths and Chinese.另外两位当地教师负责教数学和语文。
be responsible for对……负责
·As a member of the society,I am aware that being responsible is what it takes to make a better society.作为社会的一员，我意识到负责任是创造一个更好的社会所需要的。
responsibility n.责任；职责；义务　
take responsibility for... 对……负责
It is sb’s responsibility to do ... 做……是某人的责任
a sense of responsibility责任感　
contribution n.贡献
The contribution he made to the village was great...
他对村子的贡献很大……
·Some contemporary advertisements mainly aim to make contributions to society.一些当代广告主要旨在为社会做贡献。
make a contribution/contributions to
对……做出贡献；捐款
contribute v. 贡献；捐献
contribute to有助于；导致；把(时间等)投入到……；捐款；投稿
contribute ...to ...把……贡献给……　
·No doubt the theatre has contributed to the area’s development and economic growth.毫无疑问，剧院有助于该地区的发展和经济增长。
intend vt. 计划，打算，想要
Although he had only intended to stay for one year,he now feels ready to stay for another year.虽然他原本只打算待一年，但现在他准备再待一年。
·I looked carefully at the text and realised that it was intended for women in the countryside.我仔细地看了这篇文章，了解到它是为农村妇女写的。
intend that/doing/to do sth 打算/想要做某事
intend sb to do sth计划让某人做某事
be intended for打算为……所用
had intended to do ... ＝intended to have done ...本打算做……
·This poem as well as the stories is intended for the new generation but they are not well received.这首诗和这些故事是专为新一代的人而写的，但并没有受到热捧。
·He wrote the letter with the intention of asking for some advice.他写这封信的用意是想征求一些建议。
intention n.意图，目的，打算
with the intention of抱有……的目的　
give up放弃
The thought of leaving once flashed through his mind,but he quickly gave up on the idea ...离开的想法曾在脑中闪现过，但是他很快就放弃了这个念头……
·Have you thought of giving up after the accident？事故发生后，你是否想过放弃？
give up放弃(后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语，代词作宾语时应放在give和up之间)
give in (to) 投降；让步，屈服
give away捐赠；泄露
give out分发；散发；耗尽
give off发出，放出(气味、热、光等)　
as well as ……以及……
...and they enjoy playing football in the playground,as well as singing songs they’ve learnt.……他们喜欢在操场上踢足球，也喜欢唱学过的歌曲。
·He as well as his brothers is coming to see you.他和他的兄弟们要来看你。
as well as表示“也，又”，通常连接并列成分。
1. 当主语与“as well as＋名词/代词”连用时，谓语动词不受该短语的影响，仍然与主语保持一致。类似用法的词语还有with、together with、along with等。
2. as well as在意义上通常强调前者，而 not only ...but also ...在意义上强调后者。
3. as well as也可表示比较，意为“和……一样好”。
4. as well as有时相当于一个介词短语，意为“除……之外(还)”，后面跟动名词、名词或代词作宾语。
·As well as learning to swim,he has been taking Spanish lessons this summer.今年夏天，他除了学习游泳之外，还一直在上西班牙语课。
However,not everything lived up to Zhang Tian’s hopes.但是，不是每件事都像张天希望的那样。
not everything是部分否定，表示“并不都……”。
·Don’t worry if you can’t understand everything.如果你无法全部听懂，也不要担心。
1. 不定代词all,both,each,every,everybody,everyone,everything,形容词complete,entire,
whole,副词completely,entirely,wholly,altogether等和否定词not连用，构成部分否定，表示“不都，并非都……”。
2. 不定代词none,nobody,nothing,no one,neither,副词(词组)no,never,nowhere,no more,no longer等表示否定意义的词与肯定式谓语连用，构成全部否定。
·Not all body language means the same thing in different countries.并非所有的肢体语言在不同的国家都具有相同的意思。
·Not both of them are useful.它们两个并非都有用。
·Neither of them is useful.它们两个都没有用。
“It is＋形容词＋that从句”为固定句型。
·It is clear that we are going to see a huge growth in shopping on the Internet.很显然，我们将会看到网上购物的大幅度增长。
！
毫不意外的是体育是孩子们最喜欢的科目！
1. It is/was＋adj.＋that ...句型中，it为形式主语，that从句为真正的主语。常用于这种结构的形容词有：clear,obvious,certain,important,possible,natural,interesting,
likely等。
2. 在It is necessary/important/strange/unbelievable＋that ...中，从句中的谓语动词常用“should＋动词原形”，should可省略。　
·It is important that you (should) hand in your article before 28th,June.在6月28日之前提交你的论文是很重要的。
I hope you have adapted well to the new situation and are enjoying your new school. 我希望你已经很好地适应了新环境，而且很喜欢你的新学校。
adapt vi. (使)适应
·When it comes to adaptation,it is important to understand that climate change is a process.谈到适应，重要的是要理解气候变化是一个过程。
adapt (...) to ... 使……适应/适合……
adapt oneself to使自己适应……
adapt ... from ... 根据……改编(写)……
adapt ...for ... 把……改编(写)成……；为……改编(写)……
adaptation n.改编本；适应
adaptable adj.有适应能力的，能适应的　
moment n. 某一时刻
At the moment,we meet twice a week and we’re preparing to attend a competition. 目前，我们一周会见两次，并且我们正在准备参加竞赛。
·The best moment for the football star was when he scored the winning goal.那个足球明星最精彩的时刻就是他踢进制胜一球的瞬间。
at the moment 此刻，目前
for a moment片刻，一会儿
for the moment暂时；目前
in a moment马上，立即
the moment ... 一……就……
·Be careful！ The machine starts the moment you press the button.小心！你一按那个按钮这台机器就启动了。
look forward to (doing) sth 期待，盼望
I look forward to hearing all about what’s happening with you soon.我期待着尽快听到有关你的所有事情。
·I’m looking forward to receiving your early reply.盼望早日收到您的回复。
look down on/upon看不起
look into调查；研究；向……里面看
look through浏览；仔细查看；审核
look up向上看；查阅
look up to尊敬，敬仰
look back on回忆，回顾
look at注视；看待　
动词不定式
　　动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为“to＋动词原形”，其中to是动词不定式符号。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。动词不定式与其后面的名词等构成不定式短语。不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的作用，可以在句子中作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语和状语等。
一、 动词不定式的时态和语态
时态 主动 被动 意义 例句
一般式 to do to be
done 不定式表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，或在它之后发生。 I’m glad to see you. 我很高兴见到你。
进行式 to be
doing 谓语动词表示的动作发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行。 He pretended to be reading a book when I came in. 当我进来的时候，他假装正在读书。
时态 主动 被动 意义 例句
完成式 to have
done to have
been done 不定式表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。 We seem to have met each other before. 我们好像以前见过面。
完成进行式 to
have
been
doing 不定式表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前，且谓语动词表示的动作发生时该不定式表示的动作仍在进行。 He is said to have been studying abroad,but I don’t know which country he is studying in. 据说他一直在国外学习，但是我不知道他在哪个国家学习。
二、 动词不定式的主要用法
1. 不定式作主语
(1)不定式作主语，表示具体的或一次性的动作。
To say is one thing；to do is another.说是一回事，做是另一回事。
(2)为了避免句子头重脚轻，可以用“it”作形式主语，而把真正的主语——动词不定式(短语)放在句末。
It is not easy to learn English well.学好英语不容易。
2. 不定式作表语
(1)不定式作表语一般表示一次性、具体的动作，特别是表示将来的动作。
My wish is to join the army after graduation.
我的愿望是毕业后参军。
(2)如果主语的中心词是aim,duty,hope,idea,job,plan,problem,wish等，或是what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语对其作补充说明。
His job is to feed animals.他的工作是喂养动物。
(3)动词want,need,require意为“需要”时，后面跟动名词的主动式或动词不定式的被动式作宾语，意义相同。
The flowers want/need/require watering.
＝The flowers want/need/require to be watered.花需要浇水。
4. 不定式作宾语补足语
(1)常跟不定式作宾语补足语的动词有advise,allow,ask,tell,teach,encourage,cause等。
The teacher encouraged us to write a composition every week.老师鼓励我们每周写一篇作文。
(2)感官动词和使役动词后面接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，但变为被动语态时，不定式的to需恢复。常见的上述词有：一感觉feel；二听listen to,hear；三使let,have,make；四看see,watch,notice,observe等。另外，help后作宾语补足语的不定式符号to可有可无。
I saw him go upstairs just now.我刚才看见他上楼了。
He was seen to go upstairs just now.有人看见他刚才上楼了。
下列结构中用不定式作主语补足语，例如：be said/reported/believed/
considered等。
Our football team is reported to have won the match.据报道，我们的足球队赢得了这场比赛。
5. 不定式作定语
(1)不定式作定语时，与所修饰的词之间存在主谓或动宾关系。如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词，一般要跟相应的介词。
He has a lot of problems to deal with.他有许多问题要处理。
(2)若名词前有序数词、形容词最高级或no,all,only等修饰时，后面一般用不定式作定语。
用来修饰抽象名词时常用不定式作定语，常见的有ability,chance,attempt,
warning等。
I don’t trust his promise to come for a visit. 我不相信他会来访的诺言。
6. 不定式作状语
不定式作状语主要有三种情况：
(1)目的状语。in order to和so as to是不定式作目的状语的正式用法，其中so as to不可置于句首。
In order to finish the work in time,we work late into the night every day.为了能及时完成任务，我们每天工作到深夜。
(2)结果状语。常用句型：too ...to do sth；...enough to do sth；only to do sth。
I walked all the way from home to the library,only to find it closed.我从家一直步行到图书馆，结果发现它关门了。
(3)原因状语。主要放在表示喜怒哀乐的情感的词汇之后。
She seemed surprised to meet us.遇见我们，她似乎很惊讶。
三、 动词不定式的复合结构
动词不定式的复合结构为“for/of＋名词/代词(宾格)＋动词不定式(短语)”，常用于“It is/was＋形容词＋for/of＋sb＋不定式(短语)”这一句型中。当句中的形容词修饰动词不定式时，用介词for；修饰sb时，用介词of。
It is important for him to attend every day. 他每天都要出席，这很重要。
It is kind of you to help me with my English.
帮我学英语你真是太好了。
四、 疑问词＋动词不定式
“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构在句中可作主语、宾语和表语，常可转换成一个由该疑问词引导的从句。
He told us what to do.(＝He told us what we should do.)他告诉我们应该做些什么。
2017年版《普通高中课程标准》首次提出“学科核心素养”。英语学科核心素养由语言能力、文化意识、思维品质和学习能力构成。因此，以后的英语考试将更加坚持能力立意，突出核心素养的考查。
下面文段就是围绕“学习能力”这一学科素养展开的，旨在提高学生分析和解决问题的能力。
主题：手工艺技术传承
学科素养：学习能力
难度系数：★★★
A 68-year-old Chinese carpenter’s traditional skills have become an unexpected Internet hit as he creates woodwork with a single piece of wood,without glue,screws or nails. Wang Dewen,known as “Grandpa Amu” on YouTube,has been praised as the modern-day Lu Ban,a well-known Chinese structural engineer during the Zhou dynasty,thanks to his rich carpentry(木工手艺) knowledge.
Grandpa Amu’s most popular video,which shows him making a delicate wooden arch bridge,has gone viral on YouTube,gaining more than 40 million views. “If you do something,you have to love it,and you have to be interested in it； however,being interested doesn’t mean there’s only happiness and no pain,” Grandpa Amu shared when talking about his excellent carpentry skills.
His most popular works include a folding stool,a model of the China pavilion from the 2010 Shanghai Expo,and an apple-shaped interlocking puzzle,known as a Lu Ban lock. Grandpa Amu follows an ancient Chinese mortise and tenon(榫卯) technique,which means no nails or glue is involved in the entire process of building the arch bridge.
The master carpenter has also made several wooden toys for his grandson using the same technique. His young grandson’s favourites include a walking Peppa Pig and a bubble-blowing machine. Attracting over 1.17 million fans on YouTube,Grandpa Amu’s videos so far have gained more than 200 million views.
His wonderful woodworking skills,using the same mortise and tenon joints found in the Forbidden City,were developed from the age of thirteen as a way of supporting his family in East China’s Shandong Province. “The grandson is so happy,as there have been so many fine and unique toys made by Grandpa from an early age,” commented one netizen； while another said,“It’s amazing. I hope these traditional crafts can be passed on！”
，
.
阿木爷爷最受欢迎的视频是展示他制作一个精致的木制拱桥，这段视频在YouTube上走红，获得了超过四千万的浏览量。
unexpected adj. 出乎意料的
ancient adj. 古代的
technique n. 技术
comment v. 评论
known as 因……(身份)而出名
attract v. 吸引
pass on 传给；传递
more than多于；不仅仅

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