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12153900112776001220470010439400人教八上Unit 2语法(情态动词can/could用法)讲义
一、基本含义与语气
（一）can “能；会；可以”，用于现在时态，语气比较直接、肯定。
Can you help me hang up the photos?你能帮我挂照片吗？
（二）could是 can 的过去式，也可用于现在时态，此时语气比 can 更委婉、客气，常用来表示请求。
Could you please sweep the floor?你能扫一下地吗？（用 could 使请求更礼貌。）
二、核心用法 —— 请求（Requests）与许可（Permission）
（一）请求（R），用于向别人提出请求，希望对方做某事。
结构： Can + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？（语气较直接）
你能帮我一下吗？
Could + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？（语气更委婉）
你能帮我一下吗？
回答（肯定）：Sure. / Of course. / No problem....
（否定）：Sorry, I can't. / I’d love to, but...
（二）许可（P），用于询问是否被允许做某事。
结构：Can/Could + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？
我能去看电影吗？
我能在午饭后和朋友们出去玩吗？
回答（肯定）：Yes, you can. / Of course you can. 等；
（否定）：No, you can't. / Sorry, you can't, you have to ... first..。
三、用法辨析
类别
can
could
时态
用于现在时态。
可用于过去时态；也可用于现在时态，表更委婉的请求。
语气
语气直接、肯定。
语气委婉、客气。
请求
可用于请求，但不如 could 委婉。
更常用于礼貌地提出请求。
许可
用于询问现在的许可。
可用于询问现在的许可（语气委婉），也可用于过去的许可（表过去被允许做某事）。
I.单项选择（ 1-5 BCDBC 6-10 CBAAB 11-15CDBAC）
( )1.-Could you please sweep the floor?
- I'm busy cooking.
A. Yes, sure. B. Sorry, I can't. C. Yes, please. D. Thank you.
( )2.- you please take the dog for a walk?
-OK, but I have to fold the clothes first.
A. Must B. Should C. Could D. May
( )3.-Could you play tennis when you were at primary school?
-Yes, I I started playing tennis at seven.
A. can B. should C. need D. could
( )4.-Mum, can I go out with my friends?
- , but you have to come back before 10:00.
A. Sorry, you can't B. Yes, you can C. No way D. You'd better not
( )5.—________ you please help me carry the heavy box?
—Sure. It’s my pleasure. A. Must B. Should C. Could D. Need
6.—________ you please help me carry the heavy box?
—Sure. It’s my pleasure.
A. Must B. Should C. Could D. Need
7.—________ I go to the cinema with my friends tonight?
—No, you can’t. You have to finish your homework first.
A. May B. Could C. Need D. Should
8.—Could you please sweep the floor?
—Sorry, I ________. I have a stomachache and need to rest.
A. can’t B. couldn’t C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t
9.My sister ________ 30 minutes taking care of her pet dog every day.
A. spends B. takes C. pays D. uses
10.—________ you help me clean the community garden tomorrow?
—Of course. I’d love to.
A. Must B. Could C. Should D. May
11.—Could I use your pen? Mine is broken.
—________. Here you are.
A. I’m sorry B. You’re welcome C. Sure D. No, you can’t
12.—________ I hang out with my friends after finishing the chores?
—Yes, you can.
A. Need B. Must C. Should D. Could
13.My brother ________ fold the clothes when he was six years old.
A. can B. could C. should D. must
14.—Could you please help me ________ the photos on the wall?
—No problem.
A. put up B. take off C. look at D. think about
15.We ________ keep our home clean by doing chores regularly.
A. need B. must C. can D. should
二、完形填空（1.B2.B3.C4.C5.B6.B7.B8.A9.B10.A）
Last Saturday, our class joined a community volunteer activity. Our task was to clean the park near our neighborhood.
At 8 a.m., we met at the park gate. Our teacher said, “Everyone 1. _______ a job. You 2. _______ choose what you want to do, but you must finish it carefully.”
I decided to pick up rubbish. At first, I thought it was easy. But after 3. _______ for an hour, my back hurt. Just then, Lily came over and said, “4. _______ I help you? We can work together.” I was glad to agree. With her help, we 5. _______ finish the work quickly.
Tom and Peter cleaned the benches. They 6. _______ water to wipe the dust. “Could you pass me the cloth?” Tom asked Peter. They worked well as a team.
At 11 a.m., all the work was done. The park looked much 7. _______. An old man walked by and said, “You kids are so helpful! The park 8. _______ so clean now.” We felt very happy.
Our teacher told us, “Helping others is a good way to learn responsibility. You 9. _______ always try to do something for the community.”
It was a tiring but meaningful day. I learned that teamwork 10. _______ make difficult things easy.
1.A. has B. had C. will have D. is having
2.A. must B. can C. should D. need
3.A. work B. worked C. working D. works
4.A. Must B. Should C. Could D. Need
5.A. can B. could C. should D. must
6.A. use B. used C. will use D. are using
7.A. clean B. cleaner C. cleanest D. the cleanest
8.A. is B. was C. will be D. has been
9.A. may B. should C. need D. must
10.A. can B. must C. should D. need

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