资源简介

Unit 4 Section 1-2
P52 Reading
First thoughts
1. Amazing facts about the Earth
The Earth is believed to be about 4.5 billion years old.
the Earth 地球，专有名词，前面必须加定冠词 the。the Sun the Moon。
the Earth 补充：当 Earth 表示 大地、地面 时，前面不加 the，如 He fell to earth.
“believe” 是动词，意为 “相信；认为”。
+宾语从句：I believe (that) he will come tomorrow.（我相信他明天会来。）
“believe + 宾语 + to do sth” 结构：We believe him to be honest.（我们认为他是诚实的。）
be believed to do sth如本句 “The Earth is believed to be about 4.5 billion years old.”（地球被认为大约有 45 亿年的历史。）
注意：“believe” 的否定转移，即 “我相信他不会来” 应译为 “I don't believe he will come.”，而不是 “I believe he won't come.”
短语：believe in 意为 “信仰；信任”，如 “He believes in God.”（他信仰上帝。）；believe it or not 意为 “信不信由你”，如 “Believe it or not, I met a famous star yesterday.”（信不信由你，我昨天遇到了一位著名的明星。）
believe 和 believe in 的区别：
believe相信某事是真实的、某人说的话是真的，
如 “I believe his story.”（我相信他的故事。）；
believe in 则强调信仰、信任，指对某人或某物的本质、价值等有信心，
如 “I believe in him.”（我信任他。）believe in science”（相信科学）、“believe in democracy”（信仰民主）。
billion（非）num. 十亿 【搭】billions of 【例】There are billions of people in the world.
2. Problems the Earth is facing
air pollution 空气污染。类似的短语还有 water pollution ，noise pollution。
如 The air pollution is getting worse.
face the problem 面对问题
faces to the south朝向，面对
The house faces to the south.（这所房子朝南。）
face to face 面对面地 We need to talk face to face.（我们需要面对面谈谈。）
3. Why the Earth is important？ The Earth is home to all living things.
living things：living 是形容词，意为 活的、有生命的，修饰名词 things，构成名词短语，指 生物。
living 的动词原形是 live，现在分词形式为 living，过去式和过去分词为 lived。
4. Ways to protect the Earth use fewer plastic bags
plastic bags塑料袋
Questions
What amazing facts do you know about the Earth
What do you know about the sea
the sea 是名词短语，sea 是可数名词，the sea 特指海洋。sea 的复数形式是 seas。
What problems is the Earth facing
What can we do to protect the Earth
Reading
Before you read
Think: What amazing facts do you know about the Earth
1 Look at the pictures and fill in the blanks with the words and the phrase below.
clouds
the solar system指 太阳系，前面必须加定冠词 the。solar 是形容词，意为 太阳的，修饰名词 system（系统）。
land 可作名词，意为 陆地、土地，是不可数名词。也可作动词，意为 着陆、登陆，如 The plane will land soon.
the Sun太阳，独一无二的天体，前面加 the。Sun 首字母大写。
sun 作小写时，可指 阳光，是不可数名词，如 in the sun（在阳光下）。
land 陆地
universe 宇宙
galaxy 星系
star 恒星
planet 行星
satellite 卫星
comet 彗星
asteroid 小行星
nebula 星云
black hole 黑洞
constellation 星座
P53 The amazing planet
1.The Earth is an amazing planet! Some places are very hot, like the areas near the equator.
amazing adj. 令人大为惊奇的、令人惊讶的 【近】surprising 【拓】amaze v. 使惊奇；amazed adj. 大为惊奇；amazement n.【U】惊奇
area n. [C] 地区、地域 【例】They are going to build a school in this area.
equator n.[sing.]赤道
2. Some are freezing cold, like the North and South Poles.
freezing（freeze 的变形）adj. 极冷的 【拓】freeze v.（使）冻结、结冰 【搭】freezing cold 【例】It's freezing outside. You should wear a warm coat.
north n.【U, sing.】北、北方 [缩] N 【拓】northern adj. 北方的、北部的；northerner n. [C] 北方人 【搭】in the north of ... 【例】My hometown is in the north of China.
pole（非）n. [C]（行星的）极、地极 【搭】the North/South Pole（北极/南极） 【例】He told us of his adventure at the North Pole.
3.There are fields and mountains, rivers and seas, forests and deserts.
desert n. [C, U] 沙漠、荒漠 【例】Few plants or animals live in the desert.
the Sahara Desert 撒哈拉沙漠 the Gobi Desert 戈壁沙漠
a cultural desert 文化荒漠
v. 抛弃（人 / 物）；遗弃（尤指不顾责任或义务）：
搭配：desert sb./sth.（抛弃某人 / 某物）
例句：He deserted his family and moved abroad alone.（他抛弃了家人，独自移居国外。）
When he was in trouble, his friends all deserted him.（当他陷入困境时，朋友们都离他而去。）
4.The highest mountain on Earth is over 8,800 metres above sea level.
metre n.【C】米(AmE=meter) 【缩】m 【注】1metre=100 centimetres 【例】The wall is eight metres long.
over 意为多于；超过 【例】And the deepest part of the sea is more than (=over) 10,000 metres down.
sea level 海平面 【拓】above/below sea level（海平面以上/以下） 【例】Why are sea levels on Earth rising
above sea level 海平面以上
5.And the deepest part of the sea is more than 10,000 metres down. The plants on Earth are wonderful in many different ways.
more than 超过
in many different ways 以许多不同的方式
6.The tallest trees in the world can reach over 100 metres in height.
reach v. ①（大或长等）足够达到 ②到达、抵达 [近] get to = arrive at/in 【例】He reached the train station at 8:00 AM.
in height 有......高
6.The smallest plant is as small as a grain of rice.
grain（非）n. ①[U, C] 谷物 ②[C] 颗粒 【搭】a grain of rice/sand ... 一粒米/沙子...... 【例】There are a few grains of rice in a bowl.
as+形容词/副词原级+as... 像······一样······；a grain of rice 一粒米
7.The Earth is home to millions of animals.
be home to 是......的家园；millions of ... 数百万......
hundreds/thousands/millions of 表示数百/数千/数百万不确定的数目时，前面不用基数词，其后加s，且和of连用 【例】There are millions of books in the library.
基数词+hundred/thousand/million 百/千/百万表示确切数字时，前面用基数词，其后不加s，也不和of连用 【例】There are about fifteen million people in this city.
8. Some, like tigers and lions, live on land.
live on land 居住在陆地上
9.Other animals, like birds, enjoy the wide open sky.
wide adj. 宽的、宽阔的 【反】narrow adj. 狭窄的 【拓】widely adv. 广泛地，普遍地；widen v.（使）变宽、加宽；width n. [U, C] 宽度 【例】The table is too wide. We can't carry it through the door.
10. Big blue whales call the sea home, along with many amazing fish.
whale n. [C] 【例】Whales are the largest animals in the ocean.
along with 与...一起，强调伴随关系 = with
- She came to the party along with her brother.（她和她哥哥一起去了派对。）
- The teacher, along with her students, is visiting the museum.（老师和她的学生们一起参观博物馆。）
注意：当 "along with" 连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要与前面的主语保持一致（就远原则）。
The captain, along with the crew, was praised for their work.（船长和船员们因工作受到表扬。）
表示“除...之外还”， = in addition to = besides
- Along with his homework, he has to clean his room.（除了作业，他还得打扫房间。）
- The package includes a manual along with the main product.（这个包装里除了主产品还有一本说明书。）
11. From bears to birds, from butterflies to seahorses, animals make our planet lovely and interesting.
seahorse n. [C] 海马
12. And what's more, the Earth provides us with all the things we need, such as food, water, air and energy.
what's more 更重要的是 【注】what's more表示递进，独立使用，后面不直接接子，要用逗号隔开；既可以放在首，也可以放中 【例】The shirt costs too much. What's more, it is much too small for me.
provide vt. 提供、供应 【短】provide sth for sb = provide sb with sth 为某人提供某物 【例】Forests provide food for animals. = Forests provide animals with food.
learn about 了解
13.It is our home and the only planet we know that supports life.
support vt. /n. 支持、支撑、帮助、维持
support sb. in sth.（在某事上支持某人）
She supported him in his career.（她在事业上支持他。）
in support of（支持）
Thousands marched in support of climate action.（数千人游行支持气候行动。）
support oneself（自力更生）
He left home at 18 and supported himself through college.（他18 岁离家，靠自己读完大学。）
14.Let's explore, learn about and take care of our home.
explore v. 探索 【拓】exploration n.【C,U】探测、探究；explorer n. [C] 探险者、勘探者 【例】My dream is to explore the universe.
take care of 照顾
Listening（p.56听力文本）
1.A quiz about the sea
How many big oceans are there on Earth
Four. The Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean, the Arctic Ocean
What do you know about the sea
Global warming, coral reefs, rising sea levels, plastic pollution, overfishing
1. Miss Liu: OK, now we are going to do a quiz about the sea.
quiz n. [C] 小测验，知识竞赛
2. A lot of the ice in the North and South Poles is disappearing.
disappear（appear的变形）vi. 消失、不见 【构】dis (不) + appear 【反】appear v. 出现 【例】The sun disappeared behind the clouds.
3.That makes the sea levels rise. Miss Liu: That's right, Wu Di. Now question number two. Many kinds of fish are dying out. Why is this
many kinds of 许多种类的
4.Li Na: Is it because people catch too many fish
too many+名词复数 太多的......
5.Miss Liu: That's correct. There is another reason too. Can anyone guess
Su Mei: Is it the plastic pollution I read that a huge amount of plastic rubbish ends up in the sea each year.
plastic n. [U] 塑料 adj. 塑料制的，塑料的 【搭】a plastic bag/bottle 塑料袋/瓶 【例】Many toys for children are made of plastic.
pollution（ pollute 的变形）n. [U] 污染 【构】pollut(e)+tion(名词后缀) 【拓】pollute vt. 污染；polluted adj. 被污染的 【搭】air/noise/plastic/water pollution 空气/噪声/塑料/水污染 【例】Planting trees can help fight against a lot of pollution.
plastic pollution 塑料污染；
end up in the sea 最终流入海洋
6. Fish and other sea animals eat it and get ill.
get ill 生病
7. Sea animals also get caught in the plastic and die.
8. Miss Liu: You're right, Su Mei. We need to do something about this. Now, the next question ... (fade out)
Word building（构词法：形容词后缀y）
一些名词加后缀ly构成形容词，表示与原名词相关的特征或性质：
- love（爱）→ lovely（可爱的）
- week（周）→ weekly（每周的）
- friend（朋友）→ friendly（友好的）
- month（月）→ monthly（每月的）
- day（一天）→ daily（每日的）
- year（年）→ yearly（每年的）
拓展：其他以ly结尾的形容词：elderly（年纪较大的）、lively（生气勃勃的）、lonely（孤独的）、likely（可能的）
P.57 58 Grammar
lithium n.[U] 锂
- recyclable adj. 可回收利用的
- residual adj. 剩余的，残留的
- hazardous adj. 有害的
- more and more ... 越来越多的......；
a Beach Cleanup Day 沙滩清洁日；
of course 当然；broken glass 碎玻璃；
fish bone 鱼骨；plastic bottle 塑料瓶；
lithium battery 锂电池；tin can 罐头盒；
recyclable waste 可回收垃圾；
residual waste 残余垃圾；
food waste 厨余垃圾；
hazardous waste 有害垃圾；
try one's best to do sth 尽某人最大努力去做某事Unit 4 Section 1-2
P52 Reading
First thoughts
1. Amazing facts about the Earth
The Earth is believed to be about 4.5 billion years old.
_____________ 地球，专有名词，前面必须加_____________。the Sun, the Moon。
the Earth 补充：当 Earth 表示_____________时，前面不加 the，如 He fell to earth.
_____________ 是动词，意为 “相信；认为”。
_____________I believe (that) he will come tomorrow.（我相信他明天会来。）
__________________________ 结构：We believe him to be honest.（我们认为他是诚实的。）
__________________________如本句
The Earth is believed to be about 4.5 billion years old.”（地球被认为大约有 45 亿年的历史。）
注意：“believe” 的_____________，即 “我相信他不会来” 应译为 “_______________________________________”，而不是 “_______________________________________”
短语：_____________ 意为 “信仰；信任”，如 __________________________”（他信仰上帝。）；__________________________ 意为 “信不信由你”，如 “_________________________________________________________________”（信不信由你，我昨天遇到了一位著名的明星。）
believe 和 believe in 的区别：
believe相信_____________是真实的、_____________是真的，
如 “_______________________________________.”（我相信他的故事。）；
_______________________ 则强调信仰、信任，指对某人或某物的本质、价值等有信心，
如: __________________________（我信任他。）__________________________（相信科学）、_______________________________________（信仰民主）。
_____________（非）num. 十亿 【搭】__________________________ 【例】____________________________________________________
2. Problems the Earth is facing
__________________________ 空气污染。类似的短语还有 __________________________ ，__________________________。
如 ____________________________________________________ (水污染变严重了。)
_______________________________________面对问题
_______________________________________朝向，面对
____________________________________________________（这所房子朝南。）
__________________________面对面地 _______________________________________（我们需要面对面谈谈。）
3. Why the Earth is important？ The Earth is home to all living things.
_____________________指 生物 living 是形容词，意为 活的、有生命的，修饰名词 things，构成名词短语。
living 的动词原形是 live，现在分词形式为 living，过去式和过去分词为 lived。
4. Ways to protect the Earth use fewer plastic bags
______________________塑料袋
Questions
What amazing facts do you know about the Earth
What do you know about the sea
______________________是名词短语，sea 是可数名词，the sea 特指海洋。sea 的复数形式是 seas。
What problems is the Earth facing
What can we do to protect the Earth
Reading
Before you read
Think: What amazing facts do you know about the Earth
1 Look at the pictures and fill in the blanks with the words and the phrase below.
clouds
______________________指 太阳系，前面必须加___________。___________ 是形容词，意为 太阳的，修饰名词 ___________（系统）。
___________可作名词，意为 陆地、土地，是不可数名词。也可作动词，意为 着陆、登陆，如 _________________________________.飞机很快就着陆了。
___________太阳，独一无二的天体，前面加 ___________。Sun 首字母大写。
sun 作小写时，可指 ___________，是不可数名词，如 ___________（在阳光下）。
___________ 陆地 ___________ 宇宙 ___________ 星系 ___________ 恒星
___________ 行星 ___________ 卫星 ___________彗星 ___________ 小行星
___________ 星云 ___________ 黑洞 ___________星座
P53 The amazing planet
1.The Earth is an amazing planet! Some places are very hot, like the areas near the equator.
___________ adj. 令人大为惊奇的、令人惊讶的 【近】___________ 【拓】___________ v. 使惊奇；___________ adj. 大为惊奇；___________ n.【U】惊奇
___________ n. [C] 地区、地域 【例】____________________________________________他们准备在这个区域建设一个新学校。
___________ n.[sing.]赤道
2. Some are freezing cold, like the North and South Poles.
___________（freeze 的变形）adj. 极冷的 【拓】___________v.（使）冻结、结冰
【搭】___________【例】_______________________________________________________外面特别冷，你应该穿上一件厚的外套
___________ n.【U, sing.】北、北方 [缩] N 【拓】___________adj. 北方的、北部的；________________ n. [C] 北方人 【搭】______________________ 【例】____________________________________________ 我的家乡在中国的北方。
___________（非）n. [C]（行星的）极、地极 【搭】_________________________________（北极/南极）
【例】他告诉我们他在南极冒险。_______________________________________________________
3.There are fields and mountains, rivers and seas, forests and deserts.
___________ n. [C, U] 沙漠、荒漠 【例】____________________________________________只有少数的动植物生活在沙漠。
______________________ 撒哈拉沙漠 ______________________ 戈壁沙漠
______________________ 文化荒漠
v. 抛弃（人 / 物）；遗弃（尤指不顾责任或义务）：
搭配：_________________________________（抛弃某人 / 某物）
例句：__________________________________________________________________（他抛弃了家人，独自移居国外。）
_____________________________________________________________________（当他陷入困境时，朋友们都离他而去。）
4.The highest mountain on Earth is over 8,800 metres above sea level.
___________ n.【C】米(AmE=meter) 【缩】m 【注】1metre=100 ___________【例】这堵墙有3米高。_________________________________
___________ 意为多于；超过 【例】海底的最深处超过了1000米的深度。_____________________________________________________________________________
______________________海平面 【拓】_________________________________（海平面以上/以下） 【例】地球海平面为何正在上升？ __________________________________________________
______________________________ 海平面以上
5.And the deepest part of the sea is more than 10,000 metres down. The plants on Earth are wonderful in many different ways.
____________________ 超过
________________________________________ 以许多不同的方式
6.The tallest trees in the world can reach over 100 metres in height.
____________________v. ①（大或长等）足够达到 ②到达、抵达 [近] ______________
______________ 【例】他在8：00的时候就到达火车站了。____________________________________________________________
____________________有......高
6.The smallest plant is as small as a grain of rice.
____________________（非）n. ①[U, C] 谷物 ②[C] 颗粒 【搭】______________________________ 一粒米/沙子...... 【例】碗里有几粒米。________________________________________
______________________________ 像······一样······；
7.The Earth is home to millions of animals.
____________________是......的家园；____________________数百万......
______________________________表示数百/数千/数百万不确定的数目时，前面不用基数词，其后加s，且和of连用 【例】__________________________________________________图书馆里有成百上千的书。
基数词+hundred/thousand/million 百/千/百万表示确切数字时，前面用基数词，其后不加s，也不和of连用 【例】在这个城市里有1500万人。
8. Some, like tigers and lions, live on land.
____________________居住在陆地上
9.Other animals, like birds, enjoy the wide open sky.
__________ adj. 宽的、宽阔的 【反】__________adj. 狭窄的 【拓】__________ adv. 广泛地，普遍地；__________ v.（使）变宽、加宽；__________ n. [U, C] 宽度 【例】这张桌子太宽了。我们不能从门里把它搬进去。______________________________________________________________________
10. Big blue whales call the sea home, along with many amazing fish.
__________ n. [C] 【例】鲸鱼时海洋中最大的动物。____________________________________________________________
____________________ 与...一起，强调伴随关系 = with
_________________________________________________________（她和她哥哥一起去了派对。）
_____________________________________________________（老师和她的学生们一起参观博物馆。）
注意：当 "along with" 连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要与__________保持一致（就远原则）。
__________________________________________________（船长和船员们因工作受到表扬。）
表示“除...之外还”， __________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________（除了作业，他还得打扫房间。）
_______________________________________________（这个包装里除了主产品还有一本说明书。）
11. From bears to birds, from butterflies to seahorses, animals make our planet lovely and interesting.
____________________ n. [C] 海马
12. And what's more, the Earth provides us with all the things we need, such as food, water, air and energy.
______________________________ 更重要的是 【注】what's more表示__________，独立使用，后面__________，要用逗号隔开；既可以放在__________，也可以放__________【例】这件衬衫太贵了，另外，它对我来说也太小了。________________________________________________________________________________
__________ vt. 提供、供应 【短】____________________________________________________________为某人提供某物
【例】森林给动物提供食物。______________________________________________________________________
____________________了解
13.It is our home and the only planet we know that supports life.
__________ vt. /n. 支持、支撑、帮助、维持
____________________（在某事上支持某人）
________________________________________（她在事业上支持他。）
____________________（支持）
__________________________________________________（数千人游行支持气候行动。）
_______________（自力更生）
___________________________________________________________________________（他18 岁离家，靠自己读完大学。）
14.Let's explore, learn about and take care of our home.
_______________ v. 探索 【拓】_______________ n.【C,U】探测、探究；_______________n. [C] 探险者、勘探者 【例】我的梦想是探索宇宙。___________________________________________________________________________
______________________________照顾
Listening（p.56听力文本）
1. Miss Liu: OK, now we are going to do a quiz about the sea.
_______________ n. [C] 小测验，知识竞赛
2. A lot of the ice in the North and South Poles is disappearing.
_______________（appear的变形）vi. 消失、不见 【反】_______________v. 出现 【例】太阳在云彩后面消失了。
3.That makes the sea levels rise. Miss Liu: That's right, Wu Di. Now question number two. Many kinds of fish are dying out. Why is this
______________________________许多种类的
4.Li Na: Is it because people catch too many fish
______________________________ 太多的......
5.Miss Liu: That's correct. There is another reason too. Can anyone guess
Su Mei: Is it the plastic pollution I read that a huge amount of plastic rubbish ends up in the sea each year.
_______________ n. [U] 塑料 adj. 塑料制的，塑料的 【搭】_____________________________________________塑料袋/瓶 【例】很多给孩子的玩具都是由塑料做成的。___________________________________________________________________________
_______________（ pollute 的变形）n. [U] 污染 【构】pollut(e)+tion(名词后缀) 【拓】_______________vt. 污染；_______________ adj. 被污染的 【搭】_____________________________________________ 空气/噪声/塑料/水污染 【例】种树可以帮助我们减少污染。____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________ 塑料污染；
_____________________________________________最终流入海洋
6. Fish and other sea animals eat it and get ill.
_______________ 生病
7. Sea animals also get caught in the plastic and die.
8. Miss Liu: You're right, Su Mei. We need to do something about this. Now, the next question ... (fade out)
其他重点知识补充
_______________（非）n. [C] 系统 【例】我们需要学习如何使用新的电脑系统。___________________________________________________________________________
______________________________ 太阳系 【例】在太阳系所有行星之中，火星是人类最在意的星星之一。________________________________________________________________________________
_______________（非）n. ①【C】档案、事实档案 【搭】_______________ ②[C]（计算机的）文件 【搭】______________________________复制/创建/下载/保存文件 【例】我们在医院里给每个病人保存了一份档案。___________________________________________________________________________
在你关掉电脑之前注意保存你的文件。 ___________________________________________________________________________
______________________________事实档案
_______________ v. 盖；覆盖 / n. ①[C] 覆盖物 ②【C】封面，封皮 【搭】______________________________；=______________________________ 用......把......盖住【例】在你粉刷墙壁的时候，请先用报纸把门覆盖住。____________________________________________________________________________
【例】春天，这片土地被绿色的草覆盖住。___________________________________________________________________________
9. About 70% of the Earth is covered by the sea.
百分号%读作 _______________，30%读作_______________，90%读作 ______________________________。百分数作主语时，谓语动词要与它所指代的名词的单复数保持一致 【例】我们班大约60%的学生是男生。
_______________ n. [C] 行星 【拓】star n. [C] 恒星 【例】在太阳系有八大行星。____________________________________________________________
_______________ n.【C】珊瑚礁
10. We cut down too many trees.
_______________ 意为太多，用作形容词词组，修饰不可数名词
_______________意为太，用作副词词组，修饰形容词或副词
_______________砍倒
11.What can we do to protect the sea
______________________________是一个动词不定式短语，作为目的状语，说明do_______________；动词不定式（短语）作状语时，既可以放于末，也可以放于首 【例】To learn English well, he reads every day. = He reads every day to learn English well.
_______________t v. 保护 【拓】_______________ n. [U] 保护 【搭】______________________________保护某人/某物免受......伤害 对于我们来说保护地球对我们的未来很重要。____________________________________________________________
______________________________保护地球
常用搭配归纳补充：_______________空气污染；______________________________ 生物；______________________________ 塑料袋；______________________________围绕太阳运行；______________________________ 据我们所知；______________________________ 极为寒冷；______________________________ 在地球上；______________________________ 超过；______________________________在许多不同的方面；______________________________ 此外；so many+名词复数 许多......；________________________ 处于危险中；________________________ 因为......
Section 2 Exploring and applying rules
Word building（构词法：形容词后缀y）
一些名词加后缀ly构成形容词，表示与原名词相关的特征或性质：
- love（爱）→_____________（可爱的）
- week（周）→ _____________（每周的）
- friend（朋友）→ _____________（友好的）
- month（月）→ _____________（每月的）
- day（一天）→_____________（每日的）
- year（年）→_____________（每年的）
拓展：其他以ly结尾的形容词：_____________（年纪较大的）、_____________（生气勃勃的）、_____________孤独的）、_____________（可能的）
P.57 58 Grammar
_____________ n.[U] 锂
_____________ adj. 可回收利用的
_____________ adj. 剩余的，残留的
_____________ adj. 有害的
_____________ 越来越多的......；
_____________ 沙滩清洁日；
_____________ 当然；
_____________ 碎玻璃；
____________ 鱼骨；
_____________ 锂电池；
_____________罐头盒；
_____________ 可回收垃圾；
_____________残余垃圾；
_____________ 厨余垃圾；
_____________ 有害垃圾；
__________________________ 尽某人最大努力去做某事

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