资源简介 (共43张PPT)Senior HighKey KnowledgeMorphologyWord Formation构词法2026届高考二轮专题复习为什么要学习构词法?【背单词加速器】【扩充词汇量】【阅读理解能力】【理解生词新词】构词法派生法 (Derivation):前缀、后缀合成法 (Compound Word):名词、形容词、介词转化法 (Conversion):转换词性,一词多义混合法 (Blending)截短法 (Clipping)缩写 (Abbreviation)1.派生法(Derivation)1.派生法(Derivation)日耳曼词汇:出现较早的英语词汇例如:seeheareat外来语词汇:通常是希腊语和拉丁语例如:visaudedibleibleibleadj. 可以看见的adj. 可以听见的adj. 可以吃的外来语词汇往往成了构成单词的一部分 -ible → 能被...1.派生法(Derivation)词根(word root)前缀(prefix)词缀后缀(suffix)visaudedibleibleibleadj. 可以看见的adj. 可以听见的adj. 可以吃的词根:表示核心意义前缀:改变词义,不改变词性后缀:改变词性,不改变词义不ininin不不1.派生法(Derivation)定义(Defination):在词根基础上加前缀或者后缀构成一个新词举例(Examples):happy -- unhappydevelop -- developmentadj.开心的 → adj.不开心的v.发展 → n.发展前缀 含义 例子un , dis , in, im , ir , mis , non 表示 否定意义 unhappy, disagreeincorrect, impolitemisunderstandnon smokerre 再;又 rethink, retell, recycleself 自己;本身 self confident, self controlunder 在……下面 underline, underground前缀(Prefix)前缀 含义 例子inter 相互;交互 net→Internetnational→internationala 处于……状 态或过程中 live→alivewake→awakeen 使可能 rich→enrich able→enableover 太多;过分 work→overworksize→oversize前缀(Prefix)类型 后缀及含义 例子名词后缀 ness ill→illness, sad→sadnesshappy→happinesskind→kindness ment “行为或状态” govern→governmentmove→movementachieve→achievement tion “动作;过程;结果” invention, invitationtranslate→translation ance/ ence “行为;性质;状态” important→importanceappearance, absence后缀(Suffix)类型 后缀及含义 例子名词后缀 er, or, ess(女性) “人” farmer, teacher, visitor, actoractress, hostess ese, ian “某国/大陆的人” Chinese, JapaneseAsian, Russian ist 从事某种职业的“人” scientist, tourist, artist-ty able→ability, real→realitypossible→possibility th “性质;情况” deep→depth, warmthtrue→truth后缀(Suffix)1.派生法(Derivation)有时可以添加不止一个后缀例如:struct (n.结构) → structure (n.结构, 建筑)structure (n.结构, 建筑) → structural (adj.建筑结构的)structure变成structural去e加-al不去e则为structureal,为读音更和谐更易懂省去元音字母e1.派生法(Derivation)有时派生构词也会添加字母pent (五) + gon (角) → pentagon (n. 五角形)the PentagonPenta Kill(五角大楼)(五杀)类型 后缀及含义 例子形容词后缀 ful “充满……的” care→careful, hopefuluse→useful, successfulbeauty→beautiful less “没有的” use→useless, help→helplessend→endless, care→careless able “能……的” comfort→comfortableenjoy→enjoyable y “有……特性的” rain→rainy, health→healthyfun→funny, luck→lucky al “与……有关的” nation→nationalnature→natural后缀(Suffix)类型 后缀及含义 例子形容词后缀 -ing “令人……的” ed “感到……的” relax→relaxing, relaxedexcite→exciting, excited ive “具有……性质的” act→active, create→creative ish “带有……特征” fool→foolish, child→childish-ous danger→dangeroushumor→humorous-ern “东西南北” south→southernwest→western后缀(Suffix)类型 后缀及含义 例子副词后缀 直接加-ly quiet→quietlyreal→really, final→finally以“辅音字母+y”结尾 变y为i加-ly happy→happilyheavy→heavily以“辅音字母+e”结尾 去e加-y simple→simplyterrible→terriblycomfortable→comfortably以“ll”结尾,直接加-y full→fully少数以e结尾,去e加-ly true→truly后缀(Suffix)2.合成法(Compound Word)waterfallwaterproofunderwatern. 瀑布adj. 防水的adj. 水下的合成法通常是两个日耳曼词汇的简单相连水 掉落水 对抗性的在下方 水2.合成法(Compound Word)定义(Defination):由两个或两个以上的单词连在一起合成一个新词这种单词叫作合成词,也叫复合词举例(Examples):out(adv.向外) + side(n.边) → outside(室外,外部)black(adj.黑色的) + board(n.板) → blackboard(n.黑板)man(n.人类) + made(v.制造) → man-made(adj.人造的)sunrise, newspaper, everywhere, without, warm hearted类型 主要方式 例词合成动词 副词+动词 overcome合成名词 名词+名词 basketball, bookshop形容词+名词 greenhouse, blackboard动名词+名词 living roomreading room名词+动词-ing letter-writingstory-telling介词+名词 afternoon合成词(Compound Word)类型 主要方式 例词合成 形容词 名词+形容词 world-famous, snow-white名词/形容词+名词-ed glass-topped, kind-hearted介词+名词 underground名词+动词-ing English-speaking名词+过去分词 man-made, heartbroken合成词(Compound Word)类型 主要方式 例词合成形容词 数词+名词 second-hand, one-way数词+名词+形容词 10-meter-long合成介词 介词+名词 outside, inside介词+副词 without, throughout合成副词 副词+名词 upstairs, downstairs合成词(Compound Word)3.转化法(Conversion)定义(Defination):将一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种词性;词形不变,转化后的意义往往与之前的联系密切举例(Examples):hand(n.)手→(v.)上交walk(v.)散步,走→(n.)散步clean(adj.)干净的→(v.)打扫类型 例词名词→动词 book(n.)书→(v.)预订hand(n.)手→(v.)上交water(n.)水→(v.)浇水land(n.)陆地→(v.)着陆name(n.)名字→(v.)命名score(n.)分数→(v.)得分cook(n.)厨师→(v.)烹饪rain(n.)雨→(v.)下雨转化法(Conversion)类型 例词动词→名词 walk(v.)散步,走→(n.)散步break(v.)打破→(n.)休息stop(v.)停止→(n.)车站lift(v.)举起→(n.)电梯形容词→动词 clean(adj.)干净的→(v.)打扫open(adj.)开放的→(v.)打开last(adj.)最后的→(v.)持续tidy(adj.)整洁的→(v.)使整洁转化法(Conversion)类型 例词形容词→动词 right(adj.)正确的→(n.)正确wrong(adj.)错误的→(n.)错误back(adj.)后面的→(n.)背部,后面light(adj.)明亮的→(n.)灯;光转化法(Conversion)4.混合法(Blending)定义(Defination):两个词混合或各取一部分紧缩成一个新词;前半部分表示属性,后半部分表示主体举例(Examples):breakfast(早餐) + lunch(午餐) → brunch(早午餐)news(新闻) + broadcast(广播) → newscast(新闻播报)smoke(烟) + fog(雾) → smog(烟雾)helicopter(直升机) + airport(机场) → heliport(直升机停机坪)5.截短法(Clipping)定义(Defination):将单词省去一部分,词义和词性保持不变举例(Examples):telephone → phonemathematics → mathinfluenza → flu5.截短法(Clipping)1)截头telephone → phone airplane → plane2)去尾mathematics → math application → appexamination → exam laboratory → lab3)截头去尾influenza → flu refrigerator → fridge6.缩写(Abbreviation)定义(Defination):用单词首尾字母组成一个新词;各字母分别读音 或 作为一个整体单词读音举例(Examples):very important person → VIPTelevision → TVIELTS → International English language test system6.缩写(Abbreviation)BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation)英国广播公司6.缩写(Abbreviation)UN (the United Nations)联合国6.缩写(Abbreviation)PRC(People's Republic of China)PLA(People's Liberation Army)6.缩写(Abbreviation)NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation)美国联邦调查局美国宇航局6.缩写(Abbreviation)UK (United Kindom)USA (the United States of America)英国美利坚合众国中央情报局世界贸易组织艾滋病CIA (Central Intelligence Agency)WTO (World Trade Organization)RADAR (Radio Detection and Ranging)Aids (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)Mr (Mister) Dr (Doctor) St (Saint)雷达构词法派生法 (Derivation):词根 + 前缀、后缀合成法 (Compound Word):日耳曼词汇的简单相连转化法 (Conversion):转换词性,一词多义混合法 (Blending):选一词头和词尾混合构词截短法 (Clipping):截取单词一部分作为新词缩写 (Abbreviation):选取多个单词首字母/部分字母完形填空(2023张家界)Do you know the Lantern Festival It is a 1 festival in China. People celebrate it on the 15th day of the first month of the lunar (农历) year.A school in Changsha held 2 kinds of activities for teenagers. In the morning, the teenagers made yuanxiao with their parents.( ) 1.A.tradition B.traditional C.traditionally( ) 2.A.different B.difference C.differentlyBA完形填空Yuanxiao is the typical food of the festival.With the help of their parents, they 3 made sweet and delicious yuanxiao.They also felt the 4 of working together.How do you spend the 5 festival in your city ( ) 3.A.success B.succeed C.successfully( ) 4.A.happy B.happiness C.happily( ) 5.A.important B.importance C.importantlyCBAThe family are having a ________ (discuss) about how to help the homeless cats in the neighborhood.1.In Zhuhai Park, you can enjoy the natural beauty, or _______ (simple) breathe the fresh air.2.The man who has made up his mind to win will never say “________ (possible)”.3.People in that city prepared to _____ (build) their houses after the terrible flood.4.discussionsimplyimpossiblerebuildAlthough he has some _______ (advantage), the teacher still encourages him a lot.5.Mozart was one of the most famous _______ (music) in the world.6.This new program will _______ (able) older people to study at college.7.The future is ________ (certain). No one knows what will happen tomorrow. So live for now!8.disadvantagesmusiciansenableuncertainWith the money, we have ________ (success) sent many poor children to school.9.Some insects are ________ (harm) and we should try to protect them.10.Your _______ (suggest) is of great value and is really worth taking. Thank you so much!11.Mr. Wind was so proud that he thought he was more _________ (power) than Mr. Sun.12.successfullyharmlesssuggestionpowerful 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览