专题七 动词时态和语态 课件(共68张)- 2026届高考英语二轮复习

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专题七 动词时态和语态 课件(共68张)- 2026届高考英语二轮复习

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(共68张PPT)
专题七 动词时态和语态
2026届高考二轮专题复习
考情分析
01
ENGLISH
高频考点:
1. 时态和语态的结构 2. 时态和语态的基本用法
3. 易混时态的用法区别 4. 固定结构中的时态和语态
5. 被动语态的特殊形式
01
考情分析
时态和语态是历年高考必考的知识点。近几年新高考对时态和语态的考查主要集中在完形填空和语法填空,以重点时态和被动语态为主。
知识点讲解
02
1. 一般现在时
(1)构成
一般现在时主要由动词原形表示,当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词形式一般由动词原形后加-s或-es构成。其变化规则如下:
02
知识点讲解
一、动词时态
(一)时态分类
情况 规则 例词
一般情况 直接加-s learn—learns;need—needs;eat—eats;rise—rises
以s,x,sh,ch或o结尾 在词尾加-es pass—passes;fix—fixes;wash—washes;teach—teaches;discuss—discusses;go—goes
以辅音字母+y结尾 变y为i再加-es carry—carries;worry—worries;carry—carries;fly—flies
注意:be的变化:am,is,are。have的变化:has (第三人称单数)。
(2)用法
① 表示习惯性、经常性、现在反复出现的动作或状态,常与频度时间状语连用,如frequently, rarely, occasionally等
He goes to school every day.
他每天去上学。
He is very happy.
他很高兴。
Every day I work from dawn to dark.
我每天都从清晨工作到天黑。
I live far away from my parents, so I only go to see them occasionally.
我住的离父母挺远,只能偶尔去看看他们。
02
知识点讲解
一、动词时态
(一)时态分类
② 表示永恒的状态、客观真理、客观存在及自然现象
The moon moves around the earth.
月亮绕着地球转。
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
太阳从东方升起,从西方落下。
"Life is like walking in the snow," Granny used to say, "because every step shows."
祖母过去常说:“人生就像在雪中行走,因为每一步都会留下痕迹。”
③ 在时间、条件、让步状语从句中,如果主句中的动词用一般将来时,从句中的动词通常用一般现在时,而不用将来时
When I have time, I'll go.
我有时间就去。
02
知识点讲解
一、动词时态
(一)时态分类
I'll write to her when I have time.
我有时间的时候会给她写信。
Unless some extra money is found, the theatre will close.
除非能再弄到些钱,否则剧院将关闭。
④ 时间表、时刻表、日程表、节目单、课程表等按规定将要发生的动作,用一般现在时代替一般将来时
-So what is the procedure
-All the applicants are interviewed before a final decision is made by the authority.
——那程序是怎么安排的呢?
——在职权部门做最后的决定之前所有的申请人都要参加面试。
02
知识点讲解
一、动词时态
(一)时态分类
The train leaves at 8 o'clock.
火车将于8点钟发车。
The shop opens at 9:00 in the morning and closes at 8:00 in the evening.
这家商店早上9点开门,晚上8点关门。
⑤ 在here,there开头的倒装句中,表示现在正在发生的动作或存在的状态。
There goes the bell.
铃响了。
Here comes the bus.
公共汽车来了。
02
知识点讲解
一、动词时态
(一)时态分类
2. 一般过去时
(1)构成
① 一般过去时用动词过去式表示,其规则动词变化方法如下表所示:
02
知识点讲解
一、动词时态
(一)时态分类
情况 规则 例词
一般情况 加-ed pack—packed
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词 变y为ied carried—carried
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词 双写辅音字母加-ed plan—planned
以不发音的e结尾的动词 直接加-d liked—liked;provide—provided
② was用于第一、三人称单数,were用于其他情况
③ 注意以元音字母加y结尾的动词:
规则变化是直接加-ed,如play-played;不规则变化是把y改为id,如pay—paid, say—said。
④ 不规则动词的过去式和过去分词有其特殊变化形式,需要个别记忆。
(2)用法
① 表示在确定的过去的时间里发生的动作
Where did you go just now
你刚才去了哪里?
He saw Mr. Wang yesterday.
他昨天看见王先生了。
02
知识点讲解
一、动词时态
(一)时态分类
② 表示过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。表示这种意义时,句子中常带有every day,often,usually,always,sometimes 等时间状语
Mrs. Peter went to the park to have a walk every day last year.
彼得太太去年每天都到公园去散步。
I went to the cinema once a week when I was at school.
我上学时每周去看一场电影。
He worked in my mother's company last year.
去年他在我母亲的公司工作过。
02
知识点讲解
一、动词时态
(一)时态分类
③ 表示过去连续发生的动作。这种情况下,往往没有表示过去的时间状语,而通过上下文来判断
The boy opened his eyes for a moment, looked at the captain, and then closed his eyes.
那个男孩把眼睛睁开了一会儿,看了看船长,然后就闭上了眼睛。
She got up early, fetched water, cleaned the room and then went out for a walk.
她早早起床、提水、打扫房间,然后出去散步。
④ 在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中,用一般过去时代替过去将来时,表示过去将来的动作
He said he would not go if it rained.
他说如果下雨他就不去。
02
知识点讲解
一、动词时态
(一)时态分类
They said they would let me know as soon as they got there.
他们说只要他们一到那儿就会马上通知我。
He told me that he wouldn't go back until his mother returned.
他告诉我直到他妈妈回来了他才回家。
⑤ 一般过去时常用的时间状语有yesterday,last week,an hour ago,the other day,in 1982等
She suddenly fell ill yesterday.
昨天她突然病倒了。
注意:
在一些固定句型中,常用一般过去式,如下列句型:
① It is time that sb. +did... 某人是时候该做某事了
② would/ had rather that sb. did sth. 宁愿某人做某事
02
知识点讲解
一、动词时态
(一)时态分类
02
知识点讲解
3. 一般将来时
(1)构成
① will/ shall+动词原形 ② is/ am/ are going to+动词原形
③ is/ am/ are about to+动词原形 ④ is/ am/ are to+动词原形
⑤ is/ am/ are due to+动词原形 ⑥ 某些动词的一般现在时或现在进行时形式
(2)用法
① will
a. 表示将来的习惯性动作或状态
Spring will come again. 春天还会再来。
He will be here in an hour. 他一个小时后到这里。
一、动词时态
(一)时态分类
02
知识点讲解
b. 表示将来发生的一次性动作
If you don't hurry, you will miss the train.
如果你不快点儿,你就会赶不上火车。
c. 表示事物的固有属性或必然趋势
Fish will die without water.
离开水,鱼就会死。
d. 表示偶然的、临时的决定
-Do you know Mr. Smith has come to our town -No. I will go and visit him right now.
——你知道史密斯先生来我们镇了吗?
——不知道。我马上就去看他。
一、动词时态
(一)时态分类
02
知识点讲解
② be going to
用在口语中,表示“计划、打算要做某事”,此外,be going to还可表示根据现在的迹象对未来进行推断,在口语中常用来表示已经决定或安排要做某事、必然或很可能发生某事,也可用来表示自然现象
He is going to speak on TV this evening.
他今晚要在电视上演讲。
Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain.
看这些乌云,要下雨了。
The shop is going to open on October 1st.
商店将在10月1日开业。
一、动词时态
(一)时态分类
③ be about to/ be on the point of +动名词
表示“立即的将来(immediate future)”,这两种结构不与表示将来的具体时间状语连用,但可以和并列连词 when (=and at this/that time)引出的分句连用
The train is about to start.
火车就要开了。
I'm not about to stop when I'm so close to success.
在这样接近成功时,我不打算就此罢手。
John was about to close the windows when his attention was caught by a bird.
约翰正要关上窗户时,一只鸟引起了他的注意。
02
知识点讲解
一、动词时态
(一)时态分类
④ be to
a. 表示“按计划或安排要做的事”,还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、可能性等
When are you to leave for home
你什么时候回家?
You are to hand in your papers by 10 o'clock.
到10点你得交上试卷。
b. 表示要求做某事,意为“应该”,相当于should,ought to
You are to report it to the police. 你应该报警。
c. 表示“想,打算”,相当于 intend,want
If we are to be there before ten, we'll have to go now.
如果我们要在10点前到那儿,我们现在就得走。
02
知识点讲解
一、动词时态
(一)时态分类
⑤ be due to 表示“预定、定于”
They are due to meet again tomorrow.
他们定于明天再见面。
⑥ 有些动词,如 come,go,arrive,leave,begin,start 等,其现在进行时表示按计划、安排近期将要发生的动作
I'm leaving for Beijing next month.
下个月我要动身去北京。
⑦ 有些动词的一般现在时可以表示按计划、安排将要做的事情,这种用法常常用于介绍火车时刻表、飞机时刻表、电影开演时刻表、作息安排等
The plane takes off at 7 o'clock. 飞机7点钟起飞。
We must hurry up. The first class begins at 8 o'clock.
我们必须快点儿。第一节课将在8点开始。
02
知识点讲解
一、动词时态
(一)时态分类
注意:(1)be going to do表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事,这种打算往往经过事先考虑,甚至已做了某种准备;shall/will do表示未事先考虑过,即说话时临时做出的决定。be going to do表将来,不能用在含有条件状语从句的主句中;而will do则能,表意愿。
If it is fine, we'll go climbing. 如果天气好,我们就去爬山。
-Someone is knocking at the door. 有人在敲门。
-I'll answer it. 我去开。
(2)am/is/are about to do一般不接时间状语,但可以用于固定句式was/were about to do + when...表示“正要做某事,突然……”。
He is about to open the door when the telephone rang.
他正要打开门,这时电话铃响了。
02
知识点讲解
一、动词时态
(一)时态分类
4. 现在进行时
(1)构成:am/ is/ are+v.-ing
v.-ing形式的变化规则如下:
02
知识点讲解
一、动词时态
(一)时态分类
情况 规则 例词
一般情况 加-ing look—looking;work—working;try—trying
以不发音的e结尾的动词 去e再加-ing have—having;face—facing;hate—hating;date—dating
以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词 双写辅音字母再加-ing put—putting;swim—swimming;regret—regretting;ban—banning
以ie结尾的动词 变ie为y再加-ing lie—lying;tie—tying
(2)用法
① 由“be+v.-ing形式”构成,表示此时此刻正在进行的动作
They are playing football. 他们正在踢足球。
-Hi, let's go skating!
-Sorry, I'm busy right now. I am filling in an application form for a new job.
——嗨,我们去滑冰吧!
——很抱歉,我现在很忙。我正在填申请新工作的表格。
② 表示现阶段正进行的动作或发生的事,此时此刻不一定在进行,常与these days, this week等状语连用。
We are making model planes these days.
这些天我们在做飞机模型。
02
知识点讲解
一、动词时态
(一)时态分类
③ go,come,leave,arrive,return,stop,start,begin,meet等动词用于现在进行时中表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作
I'm leaving for Beijing tomorrow.
明天我要到北京去。
④ 与always,often,constantly,forever,continually,all the time等连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有不满、抱怨或者赞赏等感彩
He is always helping others. 他总是帮助别人。
She is always complaining. 她总是抱怨。
⑤ 进行时有时可表示渐变过程
His health is improving every day. 他的健康状况每天都有好转。
02
知识点讲解
一、动词时态
(一)时态分类
⑥ 下面几类动词不宜用现在进行时
a. 表示情感的动词
like,love,prefer,admire,hate,fear,adore等
b. 表示心理状态的动词
hope,wish,want,need,expect,believe,think,understand,agree,know,remember等
c. 感官动词
see,hear,notice,feel,smell,sound,taste,look等
d. 表示存在状态的动词
appear,exist,lie,remain,seem等
e. 表示短暂性、一次性动作的动词
allow,accept,remember,permit,promise,admit,complete等
02
知识点讲解
一、动词时态
(一)时态分类
5. 过去进行时
(1)构成:was/ were +现在分词
(2)用法
① 表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在发生的动作,常有表过去时间的状语(从句)
He was watching TV at this time yesterday.
他昨天这个时候正在看电视。
The last time I saw Jane, she was picking cotton in the fields.
我最后一次见简时,她正在地里摘棉花。
② 表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作。常用的时间状语有this morning,the whole morning,all day,from nine to ten等
02
知识点讲解
一、动词时态
(一)时态分类
We were watching TV from seven to nine last night.
昨天晚上7点到9点我们在看电视。
③ 用过去进行时表过去将来时,与现在进行时表将来相同,表示过去将要发生的动作,常用动词有go,come,stay,leave等
She asked him whether he was coming back for supper.
她问他是否要回来吃晚饭。
④ 表示过去的反复性或习惯性的动作,常与副词 always,often,constantly,continually,frequently 等连用,常常带有说话人的某种感彩
She was always lying to us. 她老是向我们撒谎。
His mother was always working like that. 他母亲总是那样工作。
02
知识点讲解
一、动词时态
(一)时态分类
6. 将来进行时
(1)构成:will/ shall be doing
(2)用法
表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作
I will be flying to Shanghai this time tomorrow.
明天这个时候我将飞往北京。
At this time tomorrow, I will be lying on the beach.
明天这个时间,我正躺在沙滩上。
Please come tomorrow afternoon, I'll be having a meeting tomorrow morning.
请你明天下午来吧,明天上午我有一个会议。
02
知识点讲解
一、动词时态
(一)时态分类
7. 现在完成时
(1)构成:has/ have +过去分词
(2)用法
① 表示一个动作开始于过去,持续到现在(甚至到将来)。常与之连用的时间状语有:lately,recently,in the last (past) few days/ years,since then,up to now,so far等
In the past few years, great changes have taken place in my hometown.
在过去的几年里,我的家乡发生了巨大变化
His first novel has received good reviews since it came out last month.
他的第一本小说自从上个月出版以来就很受欢迎。
02
知识点讲解
一、动词时态
(一)时态分类
② 表示过去发生的事情对现在产生的影响。常用的状语有:already,ever,just(刚刚),yet,before等
He has turned off the light. (=The light is off now.) 他已经关掉灯了。
I have already read the book. 我已读过这本书了。
③ 用于时间、条件状语从句中,表示将来要完成的动作或一个动作先于另一个动作。(用来代替将来完成时)
-When shall we restart our business
-Not until we have finished our plan.
—我们什么时候重新开始我们的事业?
—直到我们已完成我们的计划。
02
知识点讲解
一、动词时态
(一)时态分类
④ 在“最高级+名词”或“It/ This is+ the+序数词+time”之后的从句中,谓语动词常用现在完成时
This is the first time (that) I have come here.
这是我第一次来这里。
This is the first time that we have seen a film in the cinema together as a family.
这是我们第一次作为一家人在电影院看电影。
⑤ have gone to 意为“去某地了”, 表示此人现在还没回来
He has gone to the zoo.
他去动物园了。
02
知识点讲解
一、动词时态
(一)时态分类
⑥ have been to 意为“去过某地”, 表示此人已经回来了
Have you ever been to Shanghai
你去过上海吗?
⑦ “It has been/ is+一段时间+since…”意为“自从……以来已有多长时间”
It has been weeks since I saw Grandma.
我已经好几个星期没有见到祖母了。
⑧ 在“It/This is the best/worst/most+adj.+名词+从句”中,从句中的谓语用现在完成时
It is the most instructive lecture that I have attended since I came to this school.
这是我到这个学校以来听过的最有教育意义的演讲。
02
知识点讲解
一、动词时态
(一)时态分类
⑨ 瞬间动词可以用于完成时态,但不可以接表示一段时间的状语
(√)He has finished his work.
(×)He has finished his work for an hour.
注意:
瞬间动词若用于现在完成时且与表示一段时间的时间状语连用,如leave, arrive, come, go, return, join, die, buy, borrow时,在肯定句中不能与for+时间段,since+时间点或how long等状语连用,需在谓语动词、时态或句型方面作相应变化
他参军3年了。
(×)He has joined the army for 3 years.
(√)He has been in the army for 3 years.(变换动词)
(√)He joined the army 3 years ago.(变换时态)
(√)It has been/is 3 years since he joined the army.(变换句型)
02
知识点讲解
一、动词时态
(一)时态分类
8. 过去完成时
(1)构成:had +过去分词
(2)用法
① 一件事情发生在过去,而另外一件事情先于它发生(即表示“过去的过去”),那么发生在前的动作要用过去完成时,句中一般有明确的时间状语(从句),如by,by the end of,by the time,until,when,before等引出的表示过去的时间状语(从句),但有时需要通过上下文来判断。
He said that he had been abroad for 3 years.
他说他在国外待了3年。
By nine o'clock last night, we had finished most of the work.
到昨晚9点钟,我们已完成了大部分工作。
02
知识点讲解
一、动词时态
(一)时态分类
② 表示从过去某一时间开始,一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作,或用在宾语从句(或间接引语)中,这时从句谓语动作发生在主句谓语动作(过去时)之前常用的时间状语有:by/ until/ before/ by the end of+过去的某一时间
By then he had learned English for 3 years. 到那时,他已学了3年英语。
I had been at the bus stop for 30 minutes when a bus finally came.
当公共汽车终于来的时候,我已经在车站等了30分钟。
③某些动词用于过去完成时,表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图,意为“本来期望/认为/打算……”,如hope,expect,mean,intend,want,plan,suppose,think等
I had hoped to see more of Shanghai. 我本希望在上海多看看。
I had meant to help you, but I was too busy at the moment.
我本想去帮你的,但当时确实太忙了。
02
知识点讲解
一、动词时态
(一)时态分类
④ 在“Hardly/ Scarcely/ Barely…when…”和“No sooner…than…”句型中,when和than从句里用一般过去时,主句用过去完成时,且用倒装,表示“一……就……”
Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.
我一到家就开始下雨。
Hardly/ No sooner had I got home when/than the rain poured down.
我刚到家,大雨就倾盆而下。
⑤ 在“It was/ had been+一段时间+since从句”中,since从句的谓语动词用过去完成时
It was at least three months since I had left Beijing.
我离开北京至少有3个月了。
It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.
我们有10年没那么高兴过了。
02
知识点讲解
一、动词时态
(一)时态分类
⑥ 在“That/ It/ This was the first/second/. . .time + that从句”句型中,that从句的谓语动词要用过去完成时
It was the first time that I had chatted online in English.
这是我第一次用英语在网上聊天。
It was the third time (that) he had made the same mistake.
那是他第三次犯同样的错误。
⑦ By the time... 起连词的功能,引导从句 (表示过去时间的句子),主句用过去完成时
By the time he was ten, Tom had built a chemistry lab himself.
到十岁的时候,汤姆已经自己建了一个化学实验室。
02
知识点讲解
一、动词时态
(一)时态分类
9. 将来完成时
(1)构成:will have+过去分词
(2)用法
将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成的动作或一直持续的状态。经常与before+将来时间或by+将来时间连用,也可与before或by the time引导的现在时的从句连用。
We will have finished our project by the end of this month.
本月底我们会完成我们的工程。
By the time you get home, I will have cleaned the house from top to bottom.
你到家之前我将把房子彻底打扫一遍。
02
知识点讲解
一、动词时态
(一)时态分类
10. 现在完成进行时
(1)构成:have/has been+v.-ing
(2)用法
用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在(还要继续下去)的动作,它具备“未完性、暂时性、感彩”等特点
The manager has been telling the workers how to improve the program since 9 am.
自从上午9点,经理就一直在跟工人们讲如何改进这个项目。
It has been raining for 2 days.
雨已经下了两天了。(表达说话者“抱怨”的感彩)
02
知识点讲解
一、动词时态
(一)时态分类
11. 过去将来时
(1)构成:
① should/ would+动词原形 ② was/ were going to+动词原形
③ was/ were about to+动词原形 ④ was/ were to+动词原形
⑤ was/ were due to+动词原形 ⑥ was/ were +to have done
⑦ 某些动词的过去进行时形式
(2)用法
① 表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态
I thought it was going to rain. 我当时觉得要下雨。
He told me he was leaving in an hour. 他告诉我他一小时后就要走了。
02
知识点讲解
一、动词时态
(一)时态分类
He said he would be here at eight o'clock.
他说他将在八点到这里。
He told me he was to get married the next week.
他告诉我他下周结婚。
I was about to take a bath when the telephone rang.
我正要洗澡时,电话铃响了。
I was about to go to bed when there was a knock at the door.
我正要睡觉这时有人敲门。
② 过去本打算做而未做的事
I was going to go to the party, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do.
我本打算要参加聚会,但是我突然记起来我有作业要做。
02
知识点讲解
一、动词时态
(一)时态分类
1. 一般过去时与现在完成时
时间上有差异:凡有明确的过去时间的均用一般过去时,不能用现在完成时,如含有ago, last year, just now, the other day
结果上有差异:现在完成时强调的是对现在的影响和结果,动作到现在刚完成或还在继续;一般过去时强调的是动作发生在过去,和现在毫无关系
I broke my leg last year.
我去年伤到了腿。
I have broken my leg. I can't walk now.
我腿受过伤,现在不能走了。
I came to Beijing last year, and have been here since then.
我去年来的北京,自从那时起我一直在这里。
02
知识点讲解
一、动词时态
(二)易混时态的用法区别
2. 一般过去时和过去完成时
这两个时态都和现在没有关系,都表示过去的动作。但一般过去时只涉及一个纯过去的动作;而过去完成时指的是相对于过去的某一特定时间更早发生的动作,发生在“过去的过去”,即过去完成时至少涉及两个过去的动作
We got there early but Mike had already left.
我们早到了那里,但是迈克已经离开了。
The plane took off before all passengers had boarded.
飞机在所有乘客登机前起飞了。
When I got to the party, many of them had left for home.
当我到达晚会的时候,他们中的许多人已经离开回家了。
02
知识点讲解
一、动词时态
(二)易混时态的用法区别
3. 过去完成时与现在完成时
两种时态都常与表示一段时间的状语连用,但现在完成时表示的是延续到现在或同现在有关的动作(句中不可有表示过去特定时间的状语),而过去完成时表示的是在过去某时之前已经完成或延续到过去某时的动作(句中可有表示过去特定时间的状语)。比较下面的说法:
She had been ill for a week before she came back.
(“回来”发生在过去某一时间,“生病”发生在这一时间之前,即过去的过去)
She has been ill for a week.
(现在仍然病着)
02
知识点讲解
一、动词时态
(二)易混时态的用法区别
4. 现在完成时与现在完成进行时
(1)现在完成时强调的是动作已完成,着重结果;现在完成进行时是持续了一段时间的动作,这个动作仍在继续,强调动作的持续性。
I have painted my new house.
我已经给我的新房子刷完漆了。(强调已完成)
I have been painting my new house.
我一直在给我的新房子刷漆。(强调动作还在继续)
(2)现在完成进行时可以表示动作的反复,现在完成时一般不表示反复性。
Have you been meeting our teacher these days
这些天来你一直见到我们老师吗?(强调动作的反复)
Have you met our teacher recently
近来你见过我们的老师吗?(强调结果)
02
知识点讲解
一、动词时态
(二)易混时态的用法区别
5. 一般过去时与过去进行时
尽管二者所表示的动作都发生在过去,但一般过去时着重强调过去的动作,表示已经结束。而过去进行时仅表示过去某一时间点,一个动作正在进行,有什么样的结果不得而知。
He wrote three letters last night.
他昨晚写了三封信。
(表示他写了三封信,暗指都已写完)
He was writing a letter at 9:00 last night.
昨晚九点,他正在写信。
(表示当时他在写信,后来是否写完就未知了)
02
知识点讲解
一、动词时态
(二)易混时态的用法区别
1. hardly...when...,no sooner...than...句型中,主句中用过去完成时,从句中用一般过去时
Hardly had I opened the door when Tom came in.
我刚一开门,汤姆就进来了。
2. since,in the last/past+一段时间,so far,recently等常与现在完成时搭配
Great changes have taken place in our country in the last few years.
我们国家过去的几年发生了巨大的变化。
3. This/ That/ It is/ was the first/ second...time+that从句,若主句中为is,则从句时态用现在完成时;若为was,则从句时态用过去完成时
This is the first time we have seen a film in the cinema together as a family.
这是我们全家人第一次一起到电影院看电影。
02
知识点讲解
一、动词时态
(三)固定结构中的时态
4. “by+时间状语”要与完成时搭配使用
You will have learned about 3,000 words by the end of next month.
到下月底你(们)将已学习3000个单词。
5. It+be...before...“要过……才”或“在……以后才”。在这个句型中,若be动词用一般过去时,则before 从句中常用一般过去时;若be动词用将来时,则before 从句中常用一般现在时
I'm sorry you've been waiting so long, but it'll still be some time before Brian gets back.
很抱歉让你等了这么久,但布莱恩还要过段时间才能回来。
6. was/ were about to do...when... 在when引导的从句中,谓语动词用过去式
I was about to leave when he came in.
我正要离开这时他进来了。
02
知识点讲解
一、动词时态
(三)固定结构中的时态
语态说明主语和谓语之间的关系。英语的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者;被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,也就是动作的对象,所以只有及物动词和及物动词短语才有被动语态。
被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be动词的变化表现出来的,其变化形式如下(以动词do为例):
1. 一般现在时:am/ is/ are+done
In Southeast Asian culture, a smile is used frequently to cover painful feelings.
在东南亚国家的文化中,微笑常常被用来掩饰痛苦的感情。
2. 一般过去时:was/ were+done
Five reporters were sent to cover the conference.
五名记者被派去报道这次会议。
02
知识点讲解
二、动词语态
(一)被动语态的构成
3. 一般将来时:will/ shall be+done
You will be abandoned by your fans.
你将被歌迷抛弃。
4. 现在进行时:am/ is/ are being+done
A new bridge is being built at present.
一座新桥现在正在建造中。
5. 过去进行时:was/ were +being+done
We couldn't use the computer. It was being repaired.
我们不能使用那台电脑,它正在被维修。
02
知识点讲解
二、动词语态
(一)被动语态的构成
6. 现在完成时:have/ has been+done
Some people have been ruined by their desire for wealth.
一些人对财富的贪欲毁掉了他们。
7. 过去完成时:had been+done
When the boss got to the office, all the work had been finished.
老板到达办公室时,所有的工作都完成了。
8. 将来完成时:shall/ will have been +done
My homework will have been finished when you arrive tomorrow.
明天你到的时候,我的作业将已经做完了。
02
知识点讲解
二、动词语态
(一)被动语态的构成
1. 不知道或没有必要指明动作的执行者
It is reported that a space station will be built on the moon in years to come.
据报道,一个空间站将在未来的几年内在月球上被建成。
Attention, please! A meeting will be held in the office at 8: 00 a.m. tomorrow. Everyone is expected to attend on time.
请注意!明天上午八点在办公室召开会议。望大家准时参加。
2. 强调或突出动作的承受者
The woman was taken to hospital. 那位女士被送进了医院。
With many forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth are being washed away each year.
因为许多森林被毁,每年大量肥沃的泥土被冲走。
02
知识点讲解
二、动词语态
(二)被动语态的用法
3. 动作执行者被较长的修饰语修饰
The idea was supported by those who wished to make much money.
想挣许多钱的人们支持那个主意。
注意:
(1)动词短语在含被动语态的句子中作谓语时,不可丢掉后面的介词或副词
The plan will be given up.
这项计划就要被放弃了。
Bad habits have been done away with.
坏习惯已经改掉了。
02
知识点讲解
二、动词语态
(二)被动语态的用法
(2)含情态动词的被动语态形式:情态动词+be+过去分词
He must be prevented from going.
必须阻止他去。
The plan ought to be put into practice as soon as possible.
这项计划应该尽早执行。
(3)“get+过去分词”可以表示被动,此结构比较口语化
The patient got treated once a week.
那位病人一周治疗一次。
02
知识点讲解
二、动词语态
(二)被动语态的用法
注意:
(1)主动变为被动时双宾语的变化
My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.
→An interesting book was given to me (by my friend) on my birthday.
→I was given an interesting book (by my friend) on my birthday.
我的朋友在我生日时给了我一本有趣的书。
(2)主动变为被动时,宾语变成主语;作宾补的不定式如果省略了to,变成被动语态时,需加上to。
The boss made him work all day long.
→He was made to work all day long (by the boss).
老板让他整天都工作。
02
知识点讲解
二、动词语态
(二)被动语态的用法
(3)短语动词变被动语态时,注意介词短语的完整性。
Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.
你应该注意你的发音和拼写。
(4)情态动词,be going to,be to,be sure to,have to等结构变为被动语态时,只需将它们后面的动词原形变为“be+过去分词”。
We can repair this watch in two days. →This watch can be repaired in two days.
我们可以在两天内修好这块手表。
(5)当句子的谓语为say,believe,expect,think,know,write,consider,report等时,被动语态有两种形式:
a. 谓语动词用被动语态,动词不定式作主补。
b. 用it作形式主语,真正的主语用主语从句来表示。
02
知识点讲解
二、动词语态
(二)被动语态的用法
1. 表示状态特征的系动词,如look,sound,feel,smell,taste,prove,appear,remain,keep,become等构成的系表结构
The soup smells good but tastes terrible.
这汤闻起来香但尝起来不好。
2. 表示主语的某种属性、特征的动词,如read,write,sell,wash,clean,wear,shut等作不及物动词,表示主语(通常为物)内在“品质”或“性能”时
My pen writes smoothly.
我的钢笔书写流畅。
These novels won't sell well.
这些小说不畅销。
This kind of material washes easily.
这种布料容易洗。
02
知识点讲解
二、动词语态
(三)主动形式表被动意义
3. 表示开始、结束、运动的动词,如begin,finish,start,open,close,stop,end,run等
The shop closes at 6 pm every day.
这家商店每天下午六点关门。
4. 不及物动词(短语)用主动语态,如happen,occur,break out,take place,come about,work out等
The plan worked out successfully.
计划成功实施了。
5. 在“be+形容词+to do”中,不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语,用主动形式表示被动含义。
This kind of water isn't fit to drink. 这种水不适合饮用。
The room is comfortable to live in. 这个房间住起来很舒适。
02
知识点讲解
二、动词语态
(三)主动形式表被动意义
1.“be+过去分词+不定式”形式的被动结构
He is reported to have broken a world record. 据报道他打破了一项世界纪录。
2.“It+be+过去分词+从句”形式的被动结构
It’s said that they have discovered a new star. 据说他们发现了一颗新星。
3.“get+done”构成的被动结构
get married 结婚;get hurt 受伤;get lost 迷路;get caught/ stuck/ trapped 被困
注意:
被动语态与系表结构的区别
被动语态强调动作;系表结构表示主语的特点或状态。
The book was sold by a certain bookstore. (被动语态) 这本书在某一家书店出售。
The book is well sold. (系表结构) 这本书卖得好。
02
知识点讲解
二、动词语态
(四)特殊形式的被动结构
1. 所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态。
2. 表示状态的谓语动词,如:last,hold,contain,fit,cost等。
3. 表示归属的动词,如have,own,belong to等。
4. 表示“希望、意图、喜好”的动词,如:wish,want,hope,like,love,hate等。
5. 宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态,不能用被动语态。
6. 宾语是同源宾语、不定式、动名词等,谓语动词不用被动语态。
02
知识点讲解
二、动词语态
(五)不能用于被动语态的情况
典例剖析
03
03
典例剖析
1.【2024·新课标Ⅰ卷】Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse __________ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time.
答案:walks 解析:考查时态和主谓一致。句意:此外,围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程,亚洲和欧洲之间的贸易路线第一次为英国带来了丝绸、香料和许多植物。本句描述客观情况,应用一般现在时;主语the Silk Route Garden是单数,动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。
03
典例剖析
2.【2024·新课标Ⅱ卷】Some of the things that Tang was writing about __________ (be) also Shakespeare's concerns. I happen to know that Tang's play The Peony Pavilion(《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways to Romeo and Juliet.
答案:were 解析:考查时态和主谓一致。句意:汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。本句描述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时;主语Some of the things是复数,动词应用复数形式。故填were。
03
典例剖析
3.【2024·新课标Ⅱ卷】Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, __________ (build) at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes' walk from Shakespeare's birthplace.
答案:was built 解析:考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:两年后,一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成,该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程,其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。本句描述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时;动词build和主语a six-meter-tall pavilion是动宾关系,应用被动语态;主语a six-meter-tall pavilion是单数,动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填was built。
03
典例剖析
4.【2022·新课标Ⅰ卷】The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that __________ (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
答案:were 解析:考查时态和主谓一致。句意:该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区,将许多现有的大能猫保护区纳入一个管理机构,以提高效率,减少管理上的不一致性。本句描述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时;主语areas是复数,动词应用复数形式。故填were。
03
典例剖析
5.【2022·新课标Ⅰ卷】The GPNP __________ (design) to reflect the guiding principle of "protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产) for future generations".
答案:is designed 解析:考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:GPNP旨在体现"保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性,保护生物多样性,保护生态缓冲区,为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产"的指导原则。本句描述客观情况,应用一般现在时;动词design和主语The GPNP是动宾关系,应用被动语态;The GPNP是单数,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填is designed。
变式训练
04
Exercise
1. That was the first time that he __________ (have) gone abroad.
2. One study in America found that students' grades __________ (improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms.
3. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I _____________ (make) over the years.
4. I __________ (hope) to send John a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn't manage it.
5. Kites, believed to be the earliest flying objects created by humans, ________________ (invent) over 2,000 years ago in China.
had
improved
have made
had hoped
were invented

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