资源简介

(共24张PPT)
动词、动词短语
介词、介词短语
语法总复习专题四
2026届高考二轮专题复习
动词考查
介词考查
考点1
【典例】(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)
When I was a teenager, a neighborhood friend ____41____ a marathon race. Feeling motivated, I started running regularly, but then two things happened.
41. A. knew B. held C. won D. quit
考查动词词义辨析
A. knew知道；B. held抓住；C. won赢得；D. quit退出。
根据后文“Feeling motivated”可知，作者有了动力，所以此处应是一个邻居朋友赢得了马拉松比赛。故选C。
在语境中考查动词词义（关注得体性）
【典例】(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)
I’ve matured a lot since then. I’ve come to accept that whatever ____55____ I set for myself, they just have to be my own.
55. A. limits B. dates C. goals D. tests
考查名词词义辨析【动词短语】
A. limits限制；B. dates日期；C. goals目标；D. tests测试。根据后文“I set for myself, they just have to be my own.”可知，此处应是“无论我为自己设定什么目标，它们都必须是我自己的”，符合语境。故选C。
本题本质上不是考的名词辨析而是通过动词短语及语境来确定正确选项。此处是：set goals for myself意为：给自己设定目标。这样很快就找到了答案。
在语境中考查动词短语
考点2
【典例】(2024 新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读理解A)推断划线部分动词的意思
Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys.
考查熟词生义
考查动词的熟词生义
考点3
adj. 易受影响的；需保护的
栖息地恢复团队的志愿者在恢复易受影响的资源和保护山脊和山谷中的濒危物种方面发挥着至关重要的作用。
动词与其他词类的相互转换：变动词的前缀和后缀
（1）前缀en-
able→enable使能够 large→enlarge 扩大 rich→enrich 使充实；使丰富danger→endanger 危及 courage→encourage鼓励
（2）后缀-en
broad→broaden使变宽 ripe→ripen使成熟 sharp→sharpen使尖锐
wide→widen加宽 short→shorten变短 deep→deepen加深
dark→darken使变暗 hard→harden使变硬 soft→soften使缓和；使柔软
damp→dampen抑制；使潮湿 fright→frighten使害怕 threat→threaten威胁
常考的动词熟词生意
1. visibility【熟义】n.能见度【生义】n.关注度；知名度
(2024新课标II卷语法填空) Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility.
2. greens【熟义】adj.绿色的【生义】n.绿叶菜
(2024新课标卷II阅读C篇) The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens.
考查介词的基本含义和用法
考点4
时间介词【at, on, in, during】
(1) at表示片刻的时间，在某个时间点或时刻。
例如：at six o’clock, at noon, at midnight, at that time, at the beginning of, at the age of, at Christmas等。
(2) on是指在特定的某一天或某一天的上午、下午和晚上。
例如：on Monday, on Christmas morning, on the following day, on a warm morning等。
考查介词的基本含义和用法
考点4
时间介词【at, on, in, during】
(3) in表示一段的时间，“在某个时间段内”。
例如：in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, in October,
in 1998, in summer, in the past, in the future等。
★ in短语和将来时态连用。
We'll be back in three days. 我们三天之后回来。
(4) during “在......期间”，通常用于一般过去时。
He picked up Japanese during his stay in Japan.
考查介词的基本含义和用法
考点4
时间介词【since, for, from】
(1) since+“时间点”，表示从过去到现在的一段时间的过程。注：since 从句用过去时，主句完成时。
We have not seen each other since 2005.
He has lived abroad since 2005.
(2) “for＋时间段”，表示行为或状态持续的时间。【时态根据句意】
I have been teaching in the school for ten years.
He will stay in the town for two days.
考查介词的基本含义和用法
考点4
时间介词【since, for, from, through】
(3) from表示从时间的某一点开始，不涉及与现在的关系。一般多与现在时、过去时、将来时连用。
I hope to do morning exercises from today.
(4) through 表示“一直，自始至终”。
They worked through the night. 他们通宵工作。
考查介词的基本含义和用法
考点4
时间介词【before, after, by, till/until】
(1) before: “在......之前”。 Annie was born a few days before Christmas.
(2) after: “在......之后”。 He will be back after 6:00.
(3) by: “到......为止，在......之前”。【表示到什么时候为止动作已完成】
Can you repay my money by Friday
(4) till/ until: “直到......为止”。【表示动作持续到什么时候】
They practiced the dance until it was perfect.
考查介词的基本含义和用法
考点4
地点介词
(1) in表示在某范围内，on指“与……毗邻”，to指在某环境范围之外。
Changchun is in the northeast of China. 长春是中国的组成部分
Mongolia is on the north of China. 蒙古与中国接壤
Japan is to the east of China. 中国和日本是隔海相望的
(2) in + 大地点 ； at + 小地点
at a village ; at a street corner ; in Fujian Province
in
on
to
考查介词的基本含义和用法
考点4
地点介词
(3) on只表示在某物的表面上，而in表示“在......里”，占去某物一部分。
There is a book on the desk.
There is an interesting article in the newspaper.
(4) 表示“穿过……”的through和across
through表示从内部通过；across则表示从一端至另一端在表面上的通过
walk through the forest / look through the window
walk across the street / fly across the river
考查介词的基本含义和用法
考点4
地点介词
(5) above, below, over, under, on, beneath的区别。
above 在某物的斜上方
below 在某物的斜下方
over 在某物的正上方
under 在某物的正下方
on 在某物的上面(两者接触)
beneath 在某物的下面(两者接触)
考查介词的基本含义和用法
考点4
地点介词
(5) 其他方位介词。
before / in front of “在......前面”(不包括在内)
behind “在......后面”
inside “在......里面”
outside “在......外面”
by / beside “在......旁边”
along “沿着......”
in the front of“在......内部的前面”，其反义短语为 at the back of
between...(and) ... 两者之间
among 三或三以上
表示“方式和方法”的介词
考点4
考查介词的基本含义和用法
1. by用于被动语态，意为“被，由”；表示方式，意为“用，靠，凭借”；表示乘用交通工具，意为“乘坐，驾驶”。(且名词前面不加冠词)
You can reach the island by road or by sea.
2. in通常指使用某种语言、某种字体等。
You must recite the poet in English.
3. with指使用有形的工具、物体或身体的某些部分。
The monkey can reach the bananas on the tree with some tools.
We see with our eyes, hear with our ears, and walk with our legs.
表示“除了”的介词
考点4
考查介词的基本含义和用法
but：“除了……” (－)，表示从整体中除去， 不包括在内。常用于all、no、 nothing、nobody、nowhere之后
besides：“除……之外(还有) (＋)”，包括在整体内
except=but：“除……之外(－)”，表示从整体中除去， 不包括在内
except for：“美中不足，除了…以外(整体很好)”，表示一种惋惜
aside from=apart from：“除……以外(还有) (＋)； 除去(－)”， 既可指包含在内，也可指排除在外
表示“原因”的介词
考点4
考查介词的基本含义和用法
1．because of/on account of (放于句首或句中)
He didn't attend the meeting because of the heavy rain.
2．due to (通常只作表语)
His illness was due to smoking and drinking.
3．thanks to (多用于句首)
Thanks to his timely help, we finished the task in time.
4. for表示“因为”，而but for表示“如果不是因为，要不是”
He gave up smoking for his bad health.
He would have played but for a knee injury.
表示“支持/反对”的介词
考点4
考查介词的基本含义和用法
1．against：反对，倚靠，逆着，相反，在......的衬托下，与......比赛
She was forced to marry against her will.
That's against the law.
The skier's red clothes stood out clearly against the snow.
2．for ：支持，赞成，与 in favor of 同义
Are you for or against the new road scheme
考点5
考查介词短语的基本含义和用法
【典例】(2024 新高考Ⅱ卷)
“Some of the things that Tang was writing about were also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways ___39___ Romeo and Juliet.”
考查固定短语
固定短语：be similar to，意为“和……相似”。
考点6
考查介词与其他词类的搭配
【典例】(2023 新高考Ⅱ卷)
And who do they speak English ___________
考查介词
speak English with sb意为“和/对某人说英语”，故本空应用介词with。
易错提醒
(1) 及物动词后直接跟宾语时，无需再加介词。
(2) 不及物动词后跟宾语时，应加相应的介词。
(3) last、next等后跟名词表示时间时，无需加介词。
(4) 避免受汉语的影响。例如：“在……帮助下”的英语表达应为with the help of，而不是under the help of。

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