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(共35张PPT)
Unit 5 Going on an exchange trip
Grammar
Focus on
基本用法
The present perfect tense
现在完成时
*现在完成时的用法。
*现在完成时的句型。
*动词过去分词的变化规则示例。
Read the email and answer the questions.
1. Who taught Eric to play Go
2. What will Eric and his classmates do next week
3. Where does Eric want to invite his host brother
1
2
3
Eric has been in Beijing for a week. He wrote an email to share his exchange experience with his mother.
Read the email again and pay attention to the underlined words.
We form the present perfect with _____________________ _________ of the main verb.
have / has + the past participle
你知道动词过去分词的变化规则吗？
Present perfect tense
Base form 动词原形 SimplePast 过去式 变化规则
look look look
move move move
carry carr carr
stop stop stop
一般动词，加ed
以不发音的e结尾的动词，加d
以“辅音+y”结尾的动词，变y为i，再加ed
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加ed
动词过去分词的变化规则示例
ed
ed
d
d
Past Participle
过去分词
ed
ed
p
p
ed
y
i
ed
y
i
cut cut cut
let let let
put put put
have had had
make made made
spend spent spent
do did done
be was/were been
go went gone
A-A-A型
(动词原形、过去式、过去分词都同形)
A-B-B型
(动词过去式、过去分词同形)
A-B-C型
(动词原形、过去式、过去分词都不同形)
但也有一部分动词-ed形式的变化是不规则的，没有规律，需要记忆。比如：
Base form 动词原形 Simple Past 过去式 Past Participle
过去分词
Click on the irregular(不规则) verbs.
Read the email again and pay attention to the underlined words.
Present perfect tense
现在完成时表示动作或状态从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在，而且可能持续到将来。
a week ago
present
future
in Beijing
现在完成时表示在以前某个时间已经发生的行为或曾经做过的事情对目前有某种影响。
A
B
He has been to Beijing.
表示某人曾去过某地（现已回来）
A
B
She has gone to Beijing.
表示某人在去某地途中或到了某地, 也可能在回来的路上 (现在还没有回来)
比较
have been to, have gone to 与 have been in
A
B
He has been in Beijing.
表示某人在某地待了一段时间（现在还在那里），常和 for/since的时间状语搭配
(1) I have finished my work.
(2) He has changed a lot in the past few years.
(1) I have not finished my work.
(2) It's Rachel's birthday tomorrow and her mother has not
bought her a present.
主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + 其他.
1. 肯定句式
主语 + haven't / hasn't + 过去分词 + 其他.
2. 否定句式
现在完成时的句型
I / You / We / They have =
I’ve / You’ve / We’ve / They’ve
He / She / It has = He’s / She’s / It’s
have not = haven’t
has not = hasn’t
疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他
Have / Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他
- Have you heard from your family lately /recently
- Yes, I have./ No, I haven't.
3. 一般疑问句
肯定答语: Yes, 主语 + have/has.
否定答语: No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't.
Where have you been during your summer holiday
4. 特殊疑问句
Sarah has been in Beijing for a week. She has stayed with her host family since 14 October. She has already tried a lot of local food in Beijing, but she hasn’t visited many places of interest. For example, she has not seen the Great Wall yet, and she has not been to the Summer Palace either. She hopes to go there next week.
Read the passage. Pay attention to the words in red and figure out why the present perfect is used in each sentence.
此处的现在完成时表示动作或状态从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在而且可能持续到将来。
此处的现在完成时表示动作已经发生或完成，且对现在造成了影响。
We can use already, yet, ever, never, since and for with the present perfect.
The present perfect with already, yet, ever,
never, since and for
Focus on
基本用法
I've already finished reading the book!
① Silvia has bought a new dress, but she hasn't worn it yet.
② - Have you read the book yet, Harry
- Yes, I have.
already表示“已经”，强调动作的完成，常用于肯定句中。
yet常用在否定句中, 表示“尚未, 还未”，用在疑问句中表示“已经”。
注意：already一般置于助动词 have/has之后，过去分词之前。
我已经读完这本书了！
西尔维娅买了一条新裙子，但她还没穿过。
- 哈利，你读过那本书了吗？
- 读过了。
注意：yet一般置于否定句或疑问句的结尾处。
ever 表示 “曾经”，主要用于疑问句。
- Have you ever been to a science museum
- Yes, I have.
—你去过科学博物馆吗？
—是的，我去过。
我们去太空博物馆吧。我从未去过那里。
Let's go to the space museum. I've never been there.
never 表示 “从来没有，从不”，表示否定。
注意：never, ever一般置于助动词
have/has之后，过去分词之前。
I have lived here since 2010.
since 后面接点时间，强调动作或状态的开始时间。
我从 2010 年起就住在这里了。
We have waited for you for two hours.
我们已经等你两个小时了。
for后面接段时间，强调动作或状态的持续时间。
如何区分段时间和点时间呢？
点时间指的是具体的时间，比如1点、4月7日、2018年5月；段时间指的是一段时间内，比如说一点到三点，中间这两个小时就是一段时间。
5:30
five years
three minutes
2015
May 5
two months
点时间
点时间
段时间
点时间
段时间
段时间
试着说说哪些是点时间，哪些是段时间吧！
在对现在完成时的时间状语进行提问时，我们常用________。
这些动词都是延续性动词。
你踢足球踢了多长时间了？
你这个样子有多久了？
这条狗你养了多久了？
how long
观察句中动词，你能发现什么？
1. How long have you played football
2. How long have you been like this
3. How long have you had the dog
★ 延续性动词表示能持续一段时间的动作或表示状态的词，如work，stay，live，learn等。
★ 非延续性动词表示短暂的动作，从开始到结束，几乎同时或在极短的时间里就完成，如come，go，leave，start，begin，become，receive，die等。
1. 延续性动词与非延续性动词的定义
延续性动词与非延续性动词
Look at these sentences. Do you think they are right or wrong
1 I have bought this book for 3 years.
2 I have bought this book since 3 years ago.
3 He has died for three years.
非延续性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续。因此，在现在完成时肯定句中不可与表示一段时间的状语连用，应改用延续性动词。
1 I have had this book for 3 years.
2 I have had this book since 3 years ago.
3 He has been dead for 3 years.
Look at these two sentences. Do you think they are right or wrong
1 I haven't heard from him for a year.
2 I haven't heard from him since March.
在现在完成时否定句中，因为非延续性动词的“非延续性” 被否定，成为可以延续的状态，因而可与表示一段时间的状语连用，说明某个动作一直没发生。
① 用相应的延续性动词替换句中的非延续性动词，如：
非延续性动词转换为表持续的动词或者表状态的短语后即可在现在完成时中与表示一段时间的状语连用。
2. 延续性动词与非延续性动词的转换
borrow → keep
buy → have
become/come/go → be
put on → wear
② 将非延续性动词转换为be+ 介词短语，如：
③ 将非延续性动词转换为be+名词，如：
begin/ start → be on
finish → be over
go to school → be in school
join → be in +组织机构/ be a member of+ 组织机构
join the army → be a soldier
go to school → be a student
④ 用be+ adj./adv. 结构替换非延续性动词，如：
close/ open → be closed/open
come/ go back/ return → be back
come here → be here
fall asleep → be asleep
finish/ end → be over
marry → be married
die → be dead
Doris and Chris are good friends. They (1)___________ (know) each other (2)_________ a long time. They first met each other in the Tennis Club. Doris is now in London on an exchange trip. She (3)______________ (be) away (4)______________ last Sunday. Chris went on holiday the week before. Therefore, Doris (5)______________ (not see) Chris (6)____________ two weeks. …
P74 1
Complete the passage with the correct form of the verbs in brackets and since or for.
1
have known
for
has been
since
hasn't seen
for
Have you ever been to Australia / Canada / Japan / India ...
Have you visited the Great Wall / ...
How long have you stayed/been in...
Have you ever eaten...
P74 2
Think about your travelling experiences. Ask and answer questions with your classmates.
2
Sarah (1)___________ (be) in China for two weeks and she (2)___________ (go) back home next week. A few days ago, Su Mei, Li Hua and Wang Jun (3)__________ (decide) to throw a farewell party for Sarah. Su Mei
(4)_________ already ___________ (send) all the invitations. Li Hua (5)_______________ (buy) the food and drinks for the party. Wang Jun (6)___________ just _____________ (choose) the right music for the party, but he (7)________________ (not check) the sound system yet. Su Mei and Li Hua (8)________________ (not finish) decorating the classroom yet. They (9)__________ still ___________ (blow) up the balloons.
P138
Su Mei and her classmates Li Hua and Wang Jun are preparing a farewell party for Sarah, an exchange student in their plete the passage with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
has been
will go
decided
has sent
has bought
has chosen
hasn't checked
haven't finished
are blowing
表示动作或状态从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在，而且可能持续到将来。
表示在以前某个时间已经发生的行为或曾经做过的事情对目前有某种影响。
already, yet, ever, never, since, for
现在完成时
肯定句：主语 + have/has +过去分词 + 其他.
否定句：主语 + haven't/hasn't +过去分词 + 其他.
一般疑问句：
Have/Has + 主语 +过去分词 +其他
特殊疑问句：
疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他
句型
用法
标志词
( )1. Since last year, our school _____ free breakfasts to students in need.
A. offered B. has offered C. was offering
(2025 福建省)
( )2. The film Ne Zha 2 is worth seeing. I_____it three times so far.
A. have seen B. am going to see C. saw D. see
(2025 云南省)
B
单项选择。
A
( )3. - Lucy, where is Mr. Wang
- He ________ Beijing to attend a meeting.
A. has gone to B. has been to C. has been in
(2024 黑龙江省龙东地区)
( ) 4. - May I speak to Wang Hong
- Sorry, she is not at home. She ________ to
Beijing.
A. has been B. has to go C. has gone
(2024 四川省达州市)
A
C
( ) 5. - Have you ever ______ the Great Wall
- Yes, I have. I went there on our last school trip.
A. been to B. gone to C. been in
(2024 四川省凉山州)
( ) 6. I ________ China for three months and this is the first time I've tried on hanfu.
A. have gone to B. have been to
C. have arrived in D. have been in
(2023 江苏省扬州市)
A
D
( )7. - Sally, I _______ the picture already.
- Wow, truly beautiful! (2023 福建省)
A. finish B. have finished C. was finishing
( )8. - _____ you ____ about Naxi Ancient Music yet
- Yes, I have. It is a part of Naxi culture.
(2023 云南省)
A. Has; heard B. Have; heard
C. Did; hear D. Do; hear
B
B
1. Can you work out the rules of the present perfect tense Do you know when to use it
2. Can you use the present perfect tense with already, yet, ever, never, since and for correctly
1. Make some sentences about what you have done last weekend using the present perfect tense.
2. Preview Speaking part on page 75.

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